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Stem cells: applications, perspectives, misunderstandings

100%
Dulak J.
Nauka
|
2020
|
issue 1
EN
Stem cells exist and can do a lot. For several decades, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood transplants containing haematopoietic stem cells have been used in the treatment of blood diseases. Genetic modifications (gene therapy) of such cells help to cure complex immunodeficiencies and severe anaemias. The limbal stem cells taken from the eye and properly multiplied can regenerate the damaged cornea, and the epidermal stem cells help in the treatment of severe burns and some hereditary, severe skin diseases. Promising experimental research is under way on other uses of stem cells. However, these cells are appropriately selected, having real ability to differentiate into specialized cells whose malfunction is the cause of the disease. Therapeutic applications of stem cells are apparently limited to date. Meanwhile, the Internet is full of advertisements for supposedly miraculous treatments for almost any disease. Stem cells have become a modern synonym of the Holy Grail. A wonderful dish, transforming every drink into elixir of health, youth and long life. Stem cells from a single source, e.g., umbilical cord blood, or so-called cells, although without proven properties of stem cells, are offered in commercial private clinics as a panacea for autism, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, eye diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and dozens other disorders. Without justification for their action in these diseases, without convincing evidence of safety, but for a high fee. This article discusses stem cells and misunderstandings about including any cells among them. It draws attention to the real possibilities and confirmed uses of stem cells and presents the problems, doubts and dangers for patients associated with commercial offers of treatments using “stem” cells. The author cites the positions of scientific institutions and societies warning against premature commercialization of unjustified and potentially dangerous therapies
2

Prawne i etyczne aspekty badań na ludzkich embrionach

86%
Szczepaniec M.
Pieniądze i Więź
|
2019
|
vol. 22
|
issue 2(83)
84-89
PL
W artykule poruszona została problematyka prawnych i etycznych aspektów badań na ludzkich embrionach. Rozważania dotyczą określenia statusu prawnego ludzkiego embrionu oraz badań na zarodkowych komórkach macierzystych. Wskazane zostały również zagrożenia wynikające z szybkiego postępu biomedycyny oraz związana z tym potrzeba wprowadzenia stosownych regulacji prawnych, pozwalających na zapewnienie odpowiedniej ochrony istocie ludzkiej na etapie embrionalnym.
EN
The article discusses issues of legal and ethical aspects of research on human embryos. The considerations concern the determination of the legal status of human embryo and research on embryonic stem cells. Dangers resulting from the rapid progress of biomedicine, and related need to introduce appropriate legal regulations, that allow for adequate protection of a human being at the embryonic stage, were also indicated.
3
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Problematyka pobierania zarodkowych komórek macierzystych w oficjalnych stanowiskach Kościołów ewangelicko-luterańskich Szwecji i Norwegii

86%
Aleksiejuk A.
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
|
2016
|
vol. 10
102-121
EN
This article is an attempt to present the opinions expressed by two Scandinavian Old Lutheran Churches: the Church of Sweden (Svenska kyrkan) and the Church of Norway (Den norske kirke), on obtaining embry-onic stem cells from human embryos. Both ecclesiastical organisms men-tioned above belong to the Lutheran World Federation and have already elaborated important positions on bioethics. The points of view and ethical evaluation expressed by them significantly differ from each other in their points of emphasis and applied argumentation. Norwegian Lutherans, in this matter, are more conservative than their Swedish brethren and simultaneously are more critical of ethical legalization of searching for and using human embryonic stem cells. What is more, the Swedes are quite liberal in this question and perhaps more open to the fruits of biomedical progress. The documents and recommendations, which have been formed in the mentioned churches, are relatively unknown in Poland. Their publication is intended to fill in this gap. In addition, they also constituteinteresting research material and deserve attention within the context of the general scope of ecumenical dialogue.
4
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Klonowanie człowieka w świetle nauki Kościoła katolickiego i prawa polskiego

51%
Tacikowska M.
Studia Redemptorystowskie
|
2013
|
issue 11
400-409
EN
In the first part of the paper, the author discusses the moral status of a human embryo in the light of the teaching of the Catholic Church. The author argues that the human life starts as early as at conception, in the embryo stage. The author’s statement is that the human embryo is a human being, a being who has dignity and whose bodily and spiritual integrity must be respected. The author sets the requirements for operations performed on the human embryo, including experiments. Finally, the author touches upon the question of using so-called biological material from illegal sources. In the second part, the author presents the position of the Catholic Church on cloning, including both reproductive and therapeutic cloning, as well as discusses hybrid cloning, focusing on the medical and the moral aspects of this procedure. The author also handles the subject of embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The author devotes the third and final part of the paper to discuss Polish regulations on cloning and embryo research.
5
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Argument z niepewności normatywnej a etyczna ocena badań naukowych wykorzystujących ludzkie embriony

44%
Żuradzki T.
Diametros
|
2012
|
issue 32
131-159
PL
Konserwatywni przeciwnicy prowadzenia badań naukowych na ludzkich embrionach argumentują, że od momentu poczęcia mają one status moralny równy statusowi ludzi dorosłych: zarodki mają takie samo prawo do życia jak dorośli. W artykule przedstawiam oryginalną argumentację za tym stanowiskiem, której źródła można znaleźć w XVII-wiecznej teologii moralnej i współczesnej teorii decyzji. Argumentacja ta nie odwołuje się do statusu ontologicznego embrionów, ale do pewnego typu rozumowania praktycznego na temat tego, co należy robić w rozmaitych sytuacjach niepewności. Na pierwszy rzut oka wydaje się ona wzmacniać stanowisko konserwatywne, ponieważ nie zależy od kontrowersyjnych metafizycznych założeń na temat statusu zarodków czy kwestii ich potencjalności. W artykule pokażę jednak, że argumentacja ta obarczona jest poważnymi wadami, które sprawiają, że nie da się jej zastosować do uzasadnienia sprzeciwu wobec moralnej czy prawnej dopuszczalności np. badań na zarodkowych komórkach macierzystych.
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze the arguments that proponents of the conservative view on the moral status of the human embryo offer in support of their position. I claim that there exists an argument in favour of the conservative position that has been overlooked by virtually all contemporary bioethicists. It refers not to the metaphysical presumptions about the status of the embryo or its developmental capabilities but rather it is based on the criteria of rational decisions under normative uncertainty. I will demonstrate that this argument, although much stronger than many other arguments in support of the conservative view, has very limited use. My analysis will concentrate on the moral status of the early embryo (until about the 14th day of conception) and therefore will be especially important in the context of recent debates about the moral and legal permissibility of research on human embryonic stem cells.
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