Search results

1

Neurobiological and Relational Bases for Understanding Aggressiveness

100%

Poljak Lukek S., Valenta, T.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2020

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vol. 10

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issue 1

155-176

EN

Aggression is a deliberate, proactive or impulsive, defensive or active act, expressed through the use of physical power or psychological pressure. As such, it is a significant element of violent behaviour. According to developmental stages, aggression is expressed in various forms and is associated with the specific ways of regulating the feelings of shame and anger. We assume that excessive exposure and interrupted contact in development can lead to a specific regulation of the affects of shame and anger in a person who, because he feels threatened, can transform these feelings into aggressive behaviour. In addition, the dysregulated affects can lead to the dissociation of emotional experience, and thus to the inability to feel empathy, which allows for deliberate or proactive aggressiveness. Furthermore, the text presents the basic conclusions of research in the neurobiological understanding of aggression. The aggressive action is characterized by the specific functioning of the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Abuse in childhood and relational trauma are presented as a starting point for the specific functioning of the brain and specific affect regulation, which can also be associated with aggressive behaviour in adulthood.

2

Interindividual Differences and Intraindividual Variability in Emotional Well-being: an Examination of Gender, Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation

100%

Gao Y.-J.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Psychologica

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2013

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vol. 6

58-71

EN

This study examined Taiwanese undergraduates’ trajectories of emotional well-being, positive affect, and negative affect over a 16-week period within one semester. The effect of their differences in gender and time perspective profiles on intraindividual variability of weekly affect and associations between time trends of affects and use of two emotional regulation strategies, i.e., reappraisal and suppression, were also investigated. Longitudinal data from 96 undergraduates were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). With time passing, the habitual use of reappraisal was related to the increase of emotional well-being and positive affect and related to the decline of negative affect. By contrast, habitually using suppression was related to an increase of negative affect over time. The main findings also indicated that individuals with balanced time perspective had higher levels of emotional well-being compared to those without balanced time perspective at the baseline of the study. Gender and time perspective profiles were also demonstrated as moderators in the relationship between changes in using emotional regulation strategies on emotional well-being.

3

Attentional bias and emotion in older adults: Age-related differences in responses to an emotional Stroop task

100%

Dunajska M., Szymanik A., Trempała J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2012

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vol. 43

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issue 2

86-92

EN

The purpose of the study was to examine whether older adults show an emotional interference effect in a Stroop task, and whether their RTs differ with regard to age, gender and tendencies of mood regulation (to improvement and/or deterioration). The sample consisted of 60 participants at the age from 65 to 85. Emotional version of Stroop task and the Mood Regulation Scales were used. The results showed no significant differences in RTs to emotional and neutral words. Unexpectedly, a speeding effect was observed with the age of women. It appeared also that the effect of mood regulation tendencies was not significant for RTs. The last two effects are not consistent with the literature on cognitive and emotional aging.

4

Psychosocial conditioning of aggressive behaviors in early adolescence

88%

Farnicka M.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

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2018

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vol. 56(14)

7-26

EN

The article focuses on conditions of undertaking an active role in interpersonal contacts in early adolescence. The experiment was situated in a context of social learning, which is why a way of functioning in social relationships was treated as an effect of an interaction of biopsychosocial factors. The conditions in which a role of a perpetrator was evoked were looked for in a mutual relation of factors such as: attachment, aggressiveness, psychological defense, and experienced emotions. An experimental group consisted of 399 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years old. The experiment was longitudinal and two measurements were taken. The first one was taken at the beginning of a school year (September, 2015) and the second one was taken at the end of it (June, 2016). In the experiment, the following scales were used: BPAQ (Buss, Perry, 1992), CD – RISC (Connor, Davidson, 2003), IPPA (Armsden, Greenberg, 1987), SUPSO (Mikšik, 2004) and Mini-DIA (Österman, Björkqvist, 2008). Results obtained suggest an importance of earlier experiences of aggressiveness and experienced emotional states for an activation of aggressive behaviors. Among girls, an important protective factor was psychological defense. Among boys, attachment was crucial. The experiment’s results should make us reflect on an offer of prevention and correction programs for adolescents revealing aggressive behaviors.

5

Emotional Experience and Consequences of Growing Up in a Family with Alcoholism in Adult Children of Alcoholics

88%

Simonič B., Osewska E.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2023

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vol. 13

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issue 1

63-81

EN

Adult children of alcoholics are adults who spent a part of, or their whole childhood in a dysfunctional family, where the biggest problem was alcohol addiction in one or both parents. In families with parental alcoholism, there is usually a lot of dysfunction in interpersonal relationships and in the upbringing of the children, which does not provide a healthy and optimal developmental environment for the child. There is often physical and psychological violence, and other forms of abuse and neglect that children perceive as traumatic. All this leaves the child with severe consequences, which they also struggle with in adulthood. Unresolved and traumatic childhood content often remains repressed and unprocessed and helps shape one’s functioning in adulthood, which is frequently emotionally and socially immature. Adult children of alcoholics often have problems in experiencing and regulating their emotions, as they had to carry many emotional burdens in a dysfunctional family, while they had no real opportunity for the healthy development of emotional regulation. The article will present research on the emotional experience of children with their alcoholic parents and how they recognize related consequences in their adult lives. Using the content analysis method, we analyzed 71 anonymous forum posts on the counselling forum on the topic “Adult children of alcoholics.” The directed approach to content analysis was used to validate forum posts by people who described their childhood experiences with an alcoholic parent. We identified parts of the content that fell into two predetermined categories: emotional experience in childhood with an alcoholic parent and the experience of its consequences in adulthood. The results showed that the adult children of alcoholics mostly experienced severe feelings of fear, shame, sadness and disgust with their alcoholic parents in their childhood, and that these feelings have remained unprocessed. In adulthood, they struggle with negative consequences in the personal sphere (e.g. poor self-esteem, inferiority, anxiety, depression), in interpersonal relationships (e.g. problems in partnerships, mistrust, social phobia, parental stress, complicated relationships with parents) and in everyday functioning (e.g. coping with one’s own addiction, dysfunctional behavioural patterns), but they also recognize that because of this experience they have managed to lay the foundations of their lives differently and better. The results confirm that children are hidden victims of parental alcoholism and justify the need for psychosocial and therapeutic support even in their adulthood.

6

ЕМОЦІЙНА СТІЙКІСТЬ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ФОРМУВАННЯ МУЗИЧНО-ВИКОНАВСЬКИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ МУЗИКАНТІВ-ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛІСТІВ

63%

Крива В.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

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issue 9(53)

280-286

EN

The aim of this article is a study of emotional stability in the formation of instrumentalists’ musical performing abilities, the definition of the main approaches to understanding the notion of emotional stability and justification of its significance in the work of a musician-educator, as well as highlighting possible emotional and psychological difficulties which expect the musician on his way to realization of their creative potential. It also examines and theoretically grounds perspective of emotional stability as an element of the instrumentalists’ musical performing abilities formation, which is very important in training of the future musical art teachers. The key influential factors which lead to the formation of emotional stability are identified. The main views on the notion “emotional stability” are described. The methodology of the study. In this article such methods as universal method, methods of analysis and synthesis are used. Conclusion and perspectives for a further research. We make a conclusion that emotional stability is the interplay and interpenetration of constancy and variability. Emotional stability of a musician-instrumentalist is an important feature of his professional activity, an adequate level of established attitudes, the emotional-volitional processes, behavior, moods and emotional and psychological states. Therefore, emotional stability is a prerequisite for successful and lasting implementation of a musician-instrumentalist’s professional activity. A musician’s activity requires not only continuous improvement and development of a whole special abilities’ range, but also formation of the ability to emotional stability as professionally important mental properties. Emotional stability provides emotional regulation and its correction, it is one of the levels in the mental regulation overall system. The capacity for emotional self-regulation significantly determines the formation and development of professionally musician’s personality important qualities, is a necessary component of readiness for professional activity and ensures the effectiveness of music performance and music teaching. In this connection psychological conditions that promote the formation of such skills in the future teacher-musician in the period of mastering his profession and throughout his professional activity requires a further study

7

Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania roli sprawcy we wczesnej adolescencji

51%

Marzanna F.

Psychologia Wychowawcza

|

2018

|

issue 56(14)

7-26

EN

The article focuses on conditions of undertaking an active role in interpersonal contacts in early adolescence. The experiment was situated in a context of social learning, which is why a way of functioning in social relationships was treated as an effect of an interaction of biopsychosocial factors. The conditions in which a role of a perpetrator was evoked were looked for in a mutual relation of factors such as: attachment, aggressiveness, psychological defense, and experienced emotions. An experimental group consisted of 399 adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years old. The experiment was longitudinal and two measurements were taken. The first one was taken at the beginning of a school year (September, 2015) and the second one was taken at the end of it (June, 2016). In the experiment, the following scales were used: BPAQ (Buss, Perry, 1992), CD – RISC (Connor, Davidson, 2003), IPPA (Armsden, Greenberg, 1987), SUPSO (Mikšik, 2004) and Mini-DIA (Österman, Björkqvist, 2008). Results obtained suggest an importance of earlier experiences of aggressiveness and experienced emotional states for an activation of aggressive behaviors. Among girls, an important protective factor was psychological defense. Among boys, attachment was crucial. The experiment’s results should make us reflect on an offer of prevention and correction programs for adolescents revealing aggressive behaviors.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy uwarunkowań podejmowania roli sprawcy w kontaktach interpersonalnych w okresie wczesnej adolescencji. Badania osadzono w koncepcji społecznego uczenia się, dlatego też sposób funkcjonowania w relacjach społecznych traktowano jako efekt interakcji czynników biopsychospołecznych. Uwarunkowań wzbudzania roli sprawcy poszukiwano we wzajemnych relacjach czynników, takich jak: przywiązanie, agresywność, odporność psychiczna i przeżywane emocje. Grupę badaną stanowiło 399 nastolatków w wieku między 12. a 15. rokiem życia. Badania miały charakter podłużny. Przeprowadzono dwa pomiary. Pierwszy na początku roku szkolnego (wrzesień 2015), a drugi na jego końcu (czerwiec 2016). W postępowaniu badawczym wykorzystano następujące kwestionariusze: BPAQ (Buss, Perry, 1992), CD – RISC (Connor, Davidson, 2003), IPPA (Armsden, Greenberg, 1987), SUPSO (Mikšik, 2004) oraz Mini-DIA (Österman, Björkqvist, 2008). Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują na znaczenie wcześniejszych doświadczeń, agresywności oraz przeżywanych stanów emocjonalnych dla aktywacji zachowań agresywnych. Wśród dziewcząt istotnym czynnikiem ochronnym okazała się odporność psychiczna. Natomiast w grupie chłopców wykazano znaczenie przywiązania. Wyniki badań skłaniają do refleksji nad budowaną ofertą programów profilaktycznych i korekcyjnych dla nastolatków przejawiających zachowania agresywne.

8

Editorial. Becoming an adult - contexts of identity development

51%

Brzezińska A. I.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

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issue 3

239-244

9

Empatia a stres: mediujący wpływ strategii pracy emocjonalnej na przykładzie pielęgniarek zabiegowych

51%

Załuski M., Jagielski P., Makara-Studzińska M.

Medycyna Pracy

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2020

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vol. 71

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issue 4

461-471

EN

BackgroundThe nurse, when performing emotional labor at work, tunes her own emotions to the patient’s expectations. The self-regulation strategies which are then used weaken her mental strength and contribute to various symptoms of occupational burnout syndrome (OBS). In addition, certain positive relationships have been found between selected emotional labor strategies and increased work engagement. The skills of empathizing with the patient are the nurse’s protective resource. Empathy allows to share emotions with the patient while maintaining the attitude of a neutral observer. It also helps to take actions to reduce pain and suffering, and to build a relationship of mutual trust and cooperation. The purpose of the present study, conducted in a group of surgical nurses in January‒March 2019, was to analyze a theoretical model which assumed the mediating role of emotional labor strategies in the relationship between empathy and OBS.Material and MethodsThe sample consisted of 84 surgical nurses employed at the University Hospital in Kraków. A cross-sectional design was used with the application of a questionnaire method. In the study, the Polish version of the Link Burnout Questionnaire by Jaworowska was used, together with the Empathy Quotient – short by Jankowiak-Siuda and the Deep Acting and Surface Acting Scale by Finogenow. For the statistical analysis, the IMB SPSS Statistics 24 with Hayes PROCESS version 3.4 was employed.ResultsA negative correlation between the level of empathy and the severity of OBS symptoms was confirmed in the study. The use of the surface regulation strategies of emotional labor weakened the protective effect of empathy on burnout. The use of deep action processing strategies of emotional labor supported this relationship.ConclusionsThe flexible use of emotional self-regulation strategies by the medical staff deepens their personal contact with the patient, and mediates in the level of empathy and the severity of OBS symptoms.

PL

WstępPielęgniarka, wykonując pracę emocjonalną, dostraja własne emocje do oczekiwań pacjenta. Stosowane wówczas strategie samoregulacji osłabiają jej siły psychiczne i przyczyniają się do powstawania różnych objawów zespołu wypalenia zawodowego (occupational burnout syndrome – OBS). Znane są także dodatnie związki łączące wybrane strategie pracy emocjonalnej ze wzrostem zaangażowania w wykonywaną pracę zawodową. Zasobem ochronnym są umiejętności empatyzowania z pacjentem. Empatia pozwala pielęgniarce dzielić się emocjami z pacjentem, zachowując postawę neutralnego obserwatora, sprzyja podejmowaniu działań służących redukcji bólu i cierpienia oraz pomaga budować relację obustronnego zaufania i współpracy. Celem niniejszych badań było sprawdzenie modelu teoretycznego, który zakładał mediującą rolę strategii pracy emocjonalnej w związku między empatią a OBS.Materiał i metodyPróba liczyła 84 pielęgniarki zabiegowe zatrudnione w Szpitalu Uniwersyteckim w Krakowie. Wykorzystano model badania przekrojowego z użyciem metod kwestionariuszowych. W badaniu zastosowano Kwestionariusz wypalenia zawodowego Link (Link Burnout Questionnaire) w adaptacji Jaworowskiej do pomiaru OBS, Skróconą skalę ilorazu empatii (Empathy Quotient – short) w adaptacji Jankowiak-Siudy do pomiaru empatii oraz Skalę płytkiej i głębokiej pracy emocjonalnej (Deep Acting and Surface Acting Scale) w adaptacji Finogenow do pomiaru pracy emocjonalnej. Do analizy wykorzystano oprogramowanie IBM SPSS Statistics 24 z makrem PROCESS v. 3.4 Hayesa.WynikiBadanie potwierdziło występowanie ujemnej korelacji między poziomem empatii a nasileniem objawów OBS. Stosowanie powierzchniowych strategii regulacji podczas wykonywania pracy emocjonalnej osłabiało ochronny wpływ empatii na wypalenie. Wykorzystanie strategii głębokiego przetwarzania emocji podtrzymywało wspomniany związek.Wnioski Elastyczne korzystanie z umiejętności samoregulacji emocji przez pracowników medycznych pogłębia osobowy kontakt z pacjentem oraz mediuje między poziomem empatii a nasileniem OBS.

10

Regulacyjna wartość emocji wstydu w procesie kształtowania się tożsamości

51%

Czub T., Brzezińska A. I.

Psychologia Rozwojowa

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2013

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vol. 18

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issue 1

27–42

EN

In the paper we present a draft of a model capturing the relationship between shame and the identity development process. We discuss two main concepts of shame: shame as an adaptive emotion, according to the evolutionary approach, and as a maladaptive emotion, according to the cognitive attribution theory. Our main thesis states that shame has an essential, both constructive and maladaptive importance for identity development, and this effect is indirect, through the mechanisms of regulating emotions. The destructive and disrupting value of shame is not an immanent feature of this emotion, but a consequence of malfunctioning mechanisms of shame regulation. The association of shame with identity formation relates to the dimensions of exploration: in breadth, in depth and ruminative, as well as to commitment making and identification with commitment. People with a high level of shame proneness are more sensitive to information and assessment coming from signifi cant others from their nearest social environment and more self-critical. This may contribute to the increasing discrepancy or dissonance between the possessed and the desired or socially expected identity. This may also activate mechanisms of identity change and affect its relative stability.

Refine search results

Neurobiological and Relational Bases for Understanding Aggressiveness

Interindividual Differences and Intraindividual Variability in Emotional Well-being: an Examination of Gender, Time Perspective and Emotion Regulation

Attentional bias and emotion in older adults: Age-related differences in responses to an emotional Stroop task

Psychosocial conditioning of aggressive behaviors in early adolescence

Emotional Experience and Consequences of Growing Up in a Family with Alcoholism in Adult Children of Alcoholics

ЕМОЦІЙНА СТІЙКІСТЬ ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ ФОРМУВАННЯ МУЗИЧНО-ВИКОНАВСЬКИХ ЗДІБНОСТЕЙ МУЗИКАНТІВ-ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛІСТІВ

Psychospołeczne uwarunkowania roli sprawcy we wczesnej adolescencji

Editorial. Becoming an adult - contexts of identity development

Empatia a stres: mediujący wpływ strategii pracy emocjonalnej na przykładzie pielęgniarek zabiegowych

Regulacyjna wartość emocji wstydu w procesie kształtowania się tożsamości