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EN
One of the ways of understanding linguistic emotivity is taking into account an anthropological approach. The first anthropologist who recognized the emotive aspect of language was the founding father of social anthropology Bronisław Malinowski, thus forming the foundation for future ethnolinguistics and linguistic anthropology. According to the view of these subdisciplines the role of speech cannot be defined only in terms of phonology, morphology or syntax but also in terms of semantics and pragmatics. Taking into account all the above mentioned aspects of language allows finding out basic oppositional functions of language: referential andemotive. The latter one means the impact of cultural contexts on language (eg. religious cult vs academic lecture), as well as the creative role of language that shapes the nature of communication and culture itself. Anthropological studies are followed in this respect by discussed below some approaches of linguistics, literary studies, philosophy and sociology.
PL
Nasza działalność komunikacyjna polega nie tylko na tym, żeby opisywać wydarzenia, lecz również oceniać je w sposób emocjonalny lub ekspresywny. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest opisowi fenomenów kategorii oceny, ekspresywności i emotywności na materiale języka rosyjskiego. Autor proponuje kryteria wyodrębnienia konkretnego rodzaju oddziaływania i poddaje go szczegółowej analizie na materiale słownictwa rosyjskiego. Wyniki zaprezentowanego słownika wartościującego mogą być wykorzystane zarówno do opisu leksykograficznego, jak i w przekładzie automatycznym, a także w procesie nauczania języka rosyjskiego jako obcego.
EN
The main purpose of communication activity is not only to describe events, but also to evaluate them emotionally or expressively. This article describes emotional evaluation, expressiveness and emotionality (emotivity) in relation to the vocabulary of the Russian language. The author suggests criteria for identifying this type of impact and analyses it in detail. The results of the presented Emotional-evaluative dictionary EMOS can be taken into account in lexicographical description and in automatic translation, as well as in teaching Russian as a foreign language.
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