Search results - CEJSH

1

Empatia w służbie ludzkości

100%

Cygan M. B.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2019

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issue 67

269-281

PL

Book review: Frans de Waal, Wiek empatii. Jak natura uczy nas życzliwości, tłum. Ł. Lamża, Copernicus Center Press, Kraków 2019, ss. 380.

2

Nabywanie kompetencji komunikacyjnych jako niezbędny element rozwoju człowieka w okresie dzieciństwa i adolescencji

71%

Borda M., Knapik M.

Studia Edukacyjne

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2021

|

issue 61

145-158

EN

Gaining communication competencies is a very important part of the development of young people. Such skills like emotional intelligence, empathy and assertiveness are in the scope of interest of catechists and catechetics. First, the authors of the article try to define communication competence. Then they point at emotional intelligence, empathy and assertiveness as essential elements in the process of education and upbringing of children and youth. Defining and elaborating on these skills showed their importance in the process of education. Numerous practical hints contained in the article may become an inspiration for parents and teachers to search new ways of educational activity.

3

Can empathy lead to emotional exhaustion in teachers? The mediating role of emotional labor

71%

Wróbel M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 4

581-592

EN

Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the links between empathy, emotional labor (both surface and deep acting), and emotional exhaustion as well as determine if emotional labor mediates the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers. It was assumed that emotional labor can take two opposite directions (positive mood induction and negative mood induction). Thus, the additional aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of mood regulation strategies in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 168 teachers from Łódź and its surroundings completed a set of questionnaires: Emotional Labor Scale; Mood Regulation Scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Empathic Sensitivity Scale. Results: The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses indicating that both types of emotional labor, negative mood induction and emotional exhaustion were positively intercorrelated. Moreover, deep acting was a significant mediator in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. The analyzed link was also mediated by negative mood induction, whereas positive mood induction did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: The study provided insight into the role of empathy and emotional labor in the development of teacher burnout. It also confirmed that deep acting and negative mood induction mediate the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers.

4

Wyobraźnia, empatia i twórcze pisanie

71%

Sieja-Skrzypulec H.

Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich

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2017

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vol. 60

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issue 1 (121)

9-25

EN

The author analyzes the exercises in Polish creative writing guides, involving imagination, sensitivity and empathy. The article is an attempt to answer the question: what is the role of exercise in the stimulation of the writing process?

5

Empatia i styl przywiązania w kontekście bliskich związków młodych dorosłych

71%

Kulczyk J.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2016

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issue 20

89-104

EN

In the present article there has been described a connection between three dimensional model of empathy and attachment styles in close relationships of young adults. The study was conducted in a group of 120 people (60 women, 60 men; 38 cohabitant pairs, 22 marriages). The participants fi lled in the following questionnaires: The Scale of Empathic Sensitiveness, which measures empathic concern, personal distress and perspective taking, and The Questionnaire of Attachment Styles, which measures the following styles: the secure style, the anxious-ambivalent style and the avoidant style. The results indicate that there exists a connection between empathy and attachment styles. The secure style correlates positively with perspective taking, the anxious-ambivalent style correlates positively with empathic concern and personal distress, the avoidant style correlates positively with personal distress and negatively with perspective taking. The study revealed that women achieved higher scores on empathic concern and personal distress than men did, but no sex diff erences in manifested attachment styles were observed. Moreover, the type of relationship (marriage vs. cohabitation) diff erentiated scores on the anxious-ambivalent style and personal distress dimension, where cohabitants scored higher.

PL

W niniejszym artykule opisano związek między trójwymiarowym modelem empatii a stylami przywiązania w bliskich związkach młodych dorosłych. W badaniu wzięło udział 120 osób (60 kobiet i 60 mężczyzn; 38 związków kohabitacyjnych i 22 związki małżeńskie). Uczestnicy badania wypełnili następujące kwestionariusze: Skalę Wrażliwości Empatycznej (SWE) mierzącą empatyczną troskę, osobistą przykrość i przyjmowanie perspektywy oraz Kwestionariusz Stylów Przywiązaniowych (KSP) mierzący przynależność do jednego ze stylów: bezpiecznego, lękowo-ambiwalentnego oraz unikowego. Wyniki badania wskazują istnienie związku między empatią a stylami przywiązania. Styl bezpieczny dodatnio koreluje z wymiarem przyjmowania perspektywy, styl lękowo-ambiwalentny dodatnio koreluje z wymiarem empatycznej troski i osobistej przykrości, a styl unikowy koreluje dodatnio z osobistą przykrością i ujemnie koreluje z przyjmowaniem perspektywy. Badania wykazały następujące różnice płciowe: wyższe wyniki w wymiarach empatycznej troski i osobistej przykrości osiągnęły kobiety aniżeli mężczyźni. Nie stwierdzono różnic płciowychw przejawianych stylach przywiązaniowych. Ponadto rodzaj związku (małżeństwo vs. kohabitacja) różnicował wyniki w stylu lękowo-ambiwalentnym oraz w wymiarze osobistej przykrości, w których kohabitanci uzyskali wyższe wyniki.

6

Negative arousability and relationship satisfaction: The mediating role of empathy

71%

Łada A. B., Kaźmierczak M.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

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2019

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vol. 22

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issue 1

73-90

EN

Temperamental traits and empathy are both associated with emotional regulation; they thus shape both the quality of an individual’s life and the functioning of his or her social relationships. However, the mediating effects of emotional empathy in the relationship between temperamental characteristics and relationship satisfaction have not been closely analyzed and therefore require further study. This study examined the effects of temperamental arousability – global negative arousability and its components (fear, sadness, discomfort, frustration) – on emotional empathy and, consequently, on relationship satisfaction. One hundred and fifty young adults (104 women, 46 men) aged 20 to 35 participated in the study. The participants had been in romantic relationships for at least six months. The study used a sociodemographic survey and a set of questionnaires which included the Adult Temperament Questionnaire – Short Form, the Empathic Sensitiveness Scale and the RELAT Questionnaire. The results showed that empathic concern fully mediated the relationship between global negative arousability and relationship satisfaction. Furthermore, the effects of fear and sadness on relationship satisfaction were fully mediated by empathic concern and personal distress. Additionally, personal distress fully mediated the relationship between discomfort and relationship satisfaction. Neither empathic concern nor personal distress were mediators in the relationship between frustration and relationship satisfaction. It can therefore be concluded that although partners who exhibit higher global negative arousability report lower relationship satisfaction, they might become more satisfied when being more compassionate and caring towards others.

7

Prison service employee’s empathy and professional burnout

71%

Lewicka-Zelent A., Pytka A.

Praca Socjalna

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2020

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vol. 35(6)

99-116

EN

Prison service employees belong to a professional group that is susceptible to a quick professional burnout. They spend a few hours per day in a limited space with the same individuals – the co-workers and the prisoners. While providing support to the latter ones, they frequently do not see the results of their own work. Moreover, when staying in a close contact, especially the direct one, with the socially maladjusted persons – the so-called challenging client, the process of their desensitization is triggered. Thus, the aim of the author’s own research was to define the level of emotional and cognitive empathy as well as the severity of the occupational burnout of penitentiary educators and security officers in penal institutions. Therefore the author’s own research was conducted by applying a diagnostic survey method using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) in order to determine the extent to which the surveyed individuals are professionally burned out.. Moreover, the Polish version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used to provide the answer to the question regarding the level of empathy of the respondents. The study involved seventy (70) officers of the Prison Service from four penitentiary units of the District Inspectorate of Prison Service in Bialystok and Lublin, half of whom were penitentiary educators.

8

SEVERITY OF ALTRUISM AND EMPATHY AMONG PERSONS EMPLOYED IN DIFFERENT PROFESSIONAL FIELDS OF ACTIVITY

71%

Olga Valtere O., Vitalijs Rascevskis V.

Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis

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2017

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issue 1

107-119

EN

There can be supposed that some personal traits can make preconditions in choosing the professional orientation, so altruism and empathy expressiveness also could, despite the fact that their expressiveness can change depending from age, what also was observed in this study. The aim of the research is to study the connection between altruism and empathy expressiveness particularities in persons, who work in different professional orientation. The study selection (N = 125) consisted of working-age men (M = 35,19; SD = 10,918) and women (M = 38,98; SD = 12,611). In the study are used the following methods: The Self-Report Altruism scale, SRA (Rushton, Chrisjohn, Fekken 1981), Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale, BEES (Mehrabian, Epstein 1997). In the research found that the correlation between altruism and empathy expressiveness is significant in profession group that is based on person ñ person relationships. This study allows to draw parallels with other empathy and altruism researches, and also is observed the link between phenomenaís and their relationship with the studied professional orientations.

9

Empathy

71%

Belzung C.

Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration

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2014

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vol. 19

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issue 1-2

177-191

EN

When we see a child crying, the urge to help him and to comfort him comes to us spontaneously. We understand what he is experiencing, and feel in us something of his sadness, his distress: this is what we call empathy. This sense of the other is the fruit of our evolutionary history and is hardwired in our biology. Empathy has interested a lot of thinkers and in particular the Scottish philosophers of the Age of the Enlightenment such as Adam Smith or Hume. More recently, the philosophers Robert Gordon (St Louis, Missouri) and Alvin Goldman (Tuscon, Arizona) proposed the theory of simulation according to which when we understand the other, we simulate the other’s point of view and we use this prospective to understand the other and predict his behavior. The French neuropscyhologist Jean Decety adopted this point of view. He specifies that the empathy is the capacity to mentally simulate the subjectivity of the other, to put ourselves in the shoes of another: it lies on biological systems.

10

Filing for Moral Bankruptcy: An Examination of How Affect and Empathy Predict Moral Competence

71%

Surdel N., Klimenko M. A.

Ethics in Progress

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 2

16-26

EN

What does being moral mean? On one hand people may justify mercy killing as sparing omeone’s suffering, but on the other hand they are still, in-fact, taking another’s life. According to Lind’s theory of moral competence (2008), it is based on consistent utilization of moral principles. Although common sense tells us that people’s affective states and levels of empathy may explain the differences, there is little direct evidence. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by examining the relative contribution of empathy and affective state to moral competence. Results of the study revealed that although perspective taking and negative affective state were both significant predictors of moral competence, perspective taking was a stronger contributor. This suggests that the next time you deliberate over a moral dilemma (e.g., euthanasia), you should try understanding another person’s perspective rather than feeling empathy to make the best moral judgment.

11

The assessment of empathic understanding and control of emotions in parents of children with autism

71%

Ślifirczyk A., Krajewska-Kułak E., Brayer A., Sobolewski M., Maciorkowska E.

Progress in Health Sciences

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2016

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vol. 6(1)

108-115

EN

Introduction: Problems of families with autism are generally not visible or manifested, but without support, they become economically and educationally inefficient. Purpose: To assess the degree of empathic understanding of the child and the degree of emotional control by parents. Materials and methods: The study included 30 families from Poland, 25 from Belarus and 28 from France. We used Empathy Understanding Others questionnaire (KRE) and The Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS). Results: The most common difficulty reported in the care of a child was gaining his/her independence (66.7% in Poland, 84% in Belarus, 78.6% in France). Parents from Poland more often (26.7%) than others (12% in Belarus, 3.6% in France) pointed out that the disability of a child caused that their friends turned their back to them. 40% of parents from Poland, 60% from Belarus and 57.1% from France claimed that the spouses accept the disability of the child. The disability induced in parents mainly fatigue (76.7% from Poland, 44% from Belarus, 71.4% from France). The level of empathy in Polish (64.2 ± 6.2) and French parents (64.8 ± 11.6) was almost identical, and the highest was among Belarusian parents (70.3 ± 8.3). Overall rate of CECS of the surveyed parents was at the average level (from Poland 47.4 ± 4.9; from Belarus 44.8 ± 6.1, from France 48.1 ± 6.0). Conclusions: Nurses evaluated their own preparation for educational activities usually very low. In the majority they would not want to take up the difficult role of educators of parents of autistic children. Due to a potential contact of a nurse with a child with autism and the child’s family, it is advisable to extend the knowledge of nurses in the care of a child with autism.

12

Empathic and peacebuilding gestures: an analysis of greeting gestures across cultures

71%

Puppel J., Rozpendowska A.

Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia

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2021

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vol. 21

221-245

EN

Communication process allows people to receive and send messages through verbal and nonverbal resources which play an important role in healthy interpersonal acts. While verbal communication has been the subject of many studies, the present study aims to focus mainly on the nonverbal aspect that is greeting gestures. In this article we shall analyze which greeting gesture, that is widely used across different cultures may evoke a feeling of empathy and thus build peaceful interactions so needed in human communication nowadays.

13

ЗДАТНІСТЬ ДО ЕМПАТІЇ – ЯК ОДИН ІЗ ЧИННИКІВ ФОРМУВАННЯ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ МУЗИЧНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА

71%

Парфентьєва І.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2014

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issue 7(41)

318-323

EN

The current system of training teachers of music is focused on the mastery of this particular system of theoretical knowledge, special skills and techniques. The success of a teacher professional musician depends largely on his personal characteristics: value systems, psychological culture, identity and so on. Therefore, along with ideological and training of future specialists, special importance is personal training music teachers, whose purpose is to develop professionally significant qualities of its humanistic orientation, psychological and educational culture, the ability to identify professional. The phenomenon of empathy as a factor in the effectiveness of pedagogical communication has not been the subject of special study. However, the ability of the teacher to empathy appears as one of the determining factors in establishing such a teacher relationships with the students that promote not only the success of their joint training activities through the formation of the participants communicate appropriate level of communication skills, but mainly the creation of conditions for full development of the future. The study of empathic abilities until recently mainly engaged researchers in social psychology and psychotherapy. In recent years, the phenomenon of empathy is considered as an important factor in overall professionalism. The author defines cognitive and emotional empathy. In creative activities emotional empathy is preferable, because it necessarily involves sympathy and compassion. The analysis of scientific literature on the empathy suggests that active teaching empathy is a significant quality professional educator that provides successful interpersonal interaction, which manifests itself in formed situations and dialogical communication, in a joint creative work of the teacher and pupils. One of the functions of an empathy teacher is to provide such assistance to the student in solving their problems that contribute to the development of musical abilities. Empathy is a profound and unmistakable perception of the inner world of another person, his hidden emotions and connotations, emotional consonance with his experiences, using the whole depth understanding of man his and his interests.

14

Empatia učitel'ov a učiteliek : prierezová štúdia

71%

Sokolová L., Brozmanová E., Harvanová S., Jursová Zacharová Z., Lemešová M., Minarovičová K.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2019

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vol. 63

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issue 1

13-25

EN

Objectives. The goal of this descriptive study is to examine empathy among Slovak pre-service and in-service teachers based on Baron-Cohen‘s concept, to analyse the differences between primary and secondary school teachers across a career cycle, and to analyse correlations between teachers, empathy and professional personality characteristics. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of pre-service and in-service teachers from Slovakia (N = 508, Mage = 26,44, 92% were females). Research questions. What is the teachers, empathy quotient compared to general population? What are the differences between primary and secondary teachers across the career cycle? How is teacher, s empathy related to other professional personality characteristics? Statistical analysis. The data were analysed in SPSS and AMOS software using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, 2x2 ANOVA and confirmatory factor analysis. Results. Both pre-service and in-service teachers scored higher in empathy than reported for general adult population. Women scored significantly higher than men, differences were found across career levels and teaching specialisations, however, not in their interaction. The empathy quotient appeared to correlate positively with social competences, mainly with sensitivity toward others and sociability. Based on the results the authors conclude that trainings of empathy and social skills should be implemented in teacher education. Study limitations. The results only relate to one theoretical concept of empathy. Similarly to other studies, a self-reported measure might be another limitating factor.

15

Detachment of empathy: a common denominator for two theories of humour

62%

Aharoni R.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2020

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vol. 8

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issue 1

EN

This is a sequel to a previous paper (Aharoni 2018), in which I suggested that the game of humour is played not between two meanings of the same carrier, but between meaning and its carrier: the two are detached from each other by some means. In the present paper I want to substantiate this thesis by some evidence, the main one being referred to in the title of the paper. It is that two well-known theories of humour, both presently neglected to a large extent, are based on this mechanism. In both the carrier of meaning is not words, but actions. In fact, one of the main messages of the paper is that often the carrier of meaning in jokes, and in humour in general, are actions. I will try to show that both Bergson’s “automatic behaviour” theory and the superiority (or derision) theory are based on detachment of empathy, namely of identification. Since, as I will try to show, empathy and identification are man’s (and even animals’) main tool in deciphering meanings of actions, this results in detaching actions from their meanings.

16

Pedagogiczne i psychologiczne aspekty empatii w twórczości naukowej i życiu Edyty Stein

62%

Mróz B.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2016

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issue 4(242)

97-115

EN

The origins of the term ‘empathy’ go back to the beginning of the 20th century, when the foundation of analyses of the phenomenon were philosophical (phenomenological) deliberations on the issue of getting to know mental states of other people. The first psychologist to draw on achievements of phenomenologists and to use the term Die Einfühlung was Theodor Lipps (Lipps 1897). In the Anglo-Saxon literature the term was translated as ‘empathy’, sharing another person’s emotions. In our times, in pedagogy and psychotherapy, significant findings on empathy were made by Carl Rogers (1975), a personality psychologist. The article presents fragments of selected Edith Stein’s letters and statements that prove her interest in the issue of empathy both in her academic as well as personal life.

17

Dialog i lojalność jako konstruktywne strategie rozwiązywania konfliktów, gwarantujące bezpieczeństwo w relacji małżeńskiej

62%

Olszówka A., Kucharewicz J.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

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2018

|

issue 2(29)

389-396

EN

The subject of the article is the meaning of the dialogue and loyalty – constructive ways to resolve conflicts for increasing marital satisfaction and creating secure relationship between spouses. Article presents the results of the research which proves the relationship between the level of empath and conflict resolution strategies. Research assumes that level of empathy affects on choice of the conflict resolution strategy. Compassion helps in making constructive ways to resolve conflicts by spouses (dialogue and loyalty). Developed ability to taking spouse’s perspective and to bear personal annoyance help to choose active ways to resolve conflicts (dialogue and getaway).

18

Between empathy and psychopathy – moral and ineffective or effective and immoral

62%

Pastwa-Wojciechowska B., Kaźmierczak M.

Nauka

|

2018

|

issue 1

PL

Empathy and psychopathy seem to be two distant extremes, which only differ, with nothing similar. Therefore, the question that seems to be surprising is whether such a theoretical perspective is justified. Empathy exerts significant influence on social relationships and is associated with moral development, whereas psychopathy seems to be an opposite phenomenon, as it is associated with the lack of deep interpersonal bonds and the violation of legal norms. As studies from various disciplines and scientific areas indicate, such concepts as behavioral effectiveness, morality or altruism might help explain the complex nature of the interrelationship between psychopathy and empathy. The authors tried to explore and describe the complexity of the two presented concepts in the light of the conducted research, and the resulting theoretical and empirical implications.

19

Strategia empatii w wywiadach Teresy Torańskiej O nową filozofię rozmowy dziennikarskiej

62%

Rostkowska-Biszczanik K., Uniwersytet Zielonogórski W. H., Kaja Rostkowska-Biszczanik – doktorantka na Wydziale Humanistycznym Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. Zainteresowania badawcze: genologia w., kaja.rostkowska@gmail.com

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

|

2015

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vol. 28

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issue 2

EN

The article attempts to describe the strategy of empathy applied by Teresa Torańska in the interviews she collected in the volume Są [They Are]. Through her attitude the journalist gives the reader an intimate view of the interlocutor and offers insight into his/her most personal experiences. The strategy of empathy includes Teresa Torańska’s choices concerning stylistics, pragmatic endeavours regarding request and apology, silence, and picturing the world in microscale. Thanks to such an approach, the journalistic interview appears as a genre-mission, in which we locate a model for encountering the Other.

20

Cognitive Empathy in the Works of Sam Harris: The Olympian Gods, Mormones and Moral Values

62%

Bubnov E.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2019

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issue 2

109-122

EN

The article attempts to analyze unconscious cognitive empathy in Sam Harris’ dis- course. Harris equates the theology of Abrahamic religions with ancient mythology. However, the expulsion of the Numinous into the sphere of the transcendent, made possible by monotheism, gave impetus to the study of nature and led to what Max We- ber called the Disenchantment. This Disenchantment, firstly, led to the discrediting of ancient myths, and secondly, to the scientism of Harris and his like-minded people.

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