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EN
The twentieth century was special in the history of all mankind. Through many wars, a sense of security was disturbed, basic human needs were not satisfied. Paradoxically, it was at this age that particular attention was paid to children and their needs. This time became the century of the child through the recognition of his rights, which was particularly manifested in the appreciation of the role of play in upbringing.
EN
The media environment is an extremely variable universe where every now and again we can observe the emergence of new phenomena. Many of those form through blending of often rather different and distant areas. As a result, there emerge hybrid forms, which are not entirely established or completely defined. This article is focussed on those kinds of mixed types based on media entertainment, e.g. infotainment, edutainment, politainment, politicotainment, docutainment etc., which can be observed in the means of mass communication. The goal of the study was to define their essence, their distinctive features, and to indicate the place of those hybrid forms within the media discourses being carried on today.
EN
In this paper the authors focus on the crucial change of thinking about what computer really is, and then attempt to determine the essential elements of new games designed specifically for mobile computers. The authors characterize this type of entertainment, which enables them to outline potential scenarios for the development of this technological sphere and its impact on contemporary cultural life.
EN
The situation on the contemporary media market, including radio, has led to the building of a radio network’s value becoming more than just the result of an interesting programme offer that meets listeners’ needs. Listeners also desire other elements that strengthen their attachment to a particular brand. For this reason, radio broadcasters quite often prepare for listeners different forms of entertainment that take place outside the radio studio; examples include summer concert tours, trips to well-known health resorts during winter and summer holidays, New Year’s Eve parties, special-occasion concerts, football matches, etc. This article is a review of entertainment offers that are part of a strategy of interaction with the audience outside of the radio studio and an attempt to evaluate their influence on building the market position of a radio brand.
EN
The article presents the form of accompanying musical programming in commercial radio broadcasters in Poland. It examines the questions of the place of entertainment in this kind of production, based on examples from a variety of stations, such as Radio Zet, RMF FM, Radio Eska, Radio Złote Przeboje or Vox FM. The text also refers to hybrid forms of media entertainment such as edutainment or democratainment. In the conclusion, this conglomerate radio genre is treated as a polyphonic, mosaic form, distinguished, though, by its dynamism and the nature of the programmes broadcast at the morning and afternoon peak hours of radio audiences.
EN
Contemporary public debate is in general a media debate, organized by journalists working for major media companies. Journalists are not merely employees of their corporations. They, as “opinion leaders”, shape political attitudes as well as behaviors of their viewers, readers and listeners. Compounds between media and politics are multifaceted and one of them is relationship between journalists and politicians. Each party tries to infl uence the other, with various results but it certainly can be said that politicians and journalists are interdependent. However, in recent times, journalists are increasingly dependent not only from politicians but also from their employers, thus weakening their professional position. This leads to a reduction of the importance of informational function of the media for the sake of entertainment. The aim of the article is to examine political journalism in terms of relationships between interviewers (journalists) and interviewees (politicians) taking place during television interviews. The analysis is carried out mainly through the prism of actors and themes occurring in the context of the convergence of traditional and tabloid journalistic standards.
EN
The paper attempts to describe the ludic dimension of students’ free time. My empirical research focused on fun as a form of students’ free time activity. The research question was the following: What is the content of students’ ludic activity? The analysis, conducted in 2004/2005 and 2005/2006, covered 1st, 3rd and 5th year students at the pedagogy course of Szczecin University (N=172). The research used the diagnostic survey method (with an auditorial questionnaire), supplemented with qualitative research techniques (interviews and free discussions, and analysis of essays by students). This paper attempts to describe quantitative and qualitative analyses and interpret research materials collected. The paper includes quotations from students’ opinions, which are used as examples showing the way entertainment is perceived as a past time activity
EN
The author of the paper explores two dichotomous phenomena - boredom and entertainment - in Polish prose for children from the period of PRL, basing on the adventure novels written by Edmund Niziurski in the 1960s: Awanturza w Niekłaju (1962) and Siódme wtajemniczenie (1969). Both notions are discussed from the perspective of ethnography, anthropology, and the history of childhood. Referring to Roger Caillois’s concepts of play and games, the researcher analyses the images of transformation of entertainment behaviours as presented by young characters from Niziurski’s novels, and links between the text and social and political reality in Poland of the 1960s. Her findings indicate that, in his writing of this period, Niziurski both withdrew from socrealistic poetics and abandoned the ideological, persuasive function of entertainment for the sake of uninhibited, spontaneous children’s games and play.
EN
The development of digital technology encourages the growth of social media. Social media becomes a platform for sharing news, information, images, and many other things. News spreads faster and becomes viral. This phenomenon can be regarded as a "news-find-me" phenomenon. The aim of this research is to assess the relationship between information sharing, entertainment, and socialization as three main predictors of attitude towards news sharing. This research also assesses the relationship between attitude and intention to share news. The data was collected through a survey with the non-probability sampling technique. Specifically, a purposive sampling design involving 200 respondents was applied. The data then were analyzed by applying structural equation modeling. Results show that all research hypotheses were supported.
EN
The Long Tail theory serves as an explanation for market change triggered through evolving online market conditions. However, it is often referred to without empirical validation, or with inconsistent findings on its applicability. Therefore, this paper analyses the applicability of the Long Tail theory to German online media offerings as of 2014 and 2016, focusing on offerings that serve information purposes (information offerings). Based on a unique dataset of commercially oriented online media offerings (Longitudinal IntermediaPlus 2014–2016), an analysis for three Long Tail characteristics (variety increase, opposing concentration between hit and niche offerings and niche market share increase) is conducted. By additionally distinguishing between political and entertainment-oriented information offerings as boundaries of democratized online market conditions the analysis reveals that the Long Tail theory is not fully applicable to any market sample, and especially not to politically oriented offerings.
EN
Political scientists have noted a rising popular indifference to politics which is indicated with declining voter turnout in advanced democracies. Similar trends emerged in the radically changing “high choice” media environments. Studies in political communication (Blekesaune et al., 2012; Prior, 2005; Strömbäck et al., 2012) have shown that audiences are “tuning out” of the news and current affairs programs and that the gap between the politically active and inactive is widening. The aim of this paper is to analyze those who abstain from political participation in Croatia in terms of socio-demographic characteristics and media use. National media systems are important factors in explaining differences in news consumption and political knowledge. This analysis will serve as a case study of how a changing media environment interacts with political participation in a post-socialist political culture. In the analysis binary logistic regression will be used on the data from the online survey on media audiences.
EN
The following paper, in its sense, is a summary of the broad qualitative and quantitative authorial research on the historically-themed materials from the social media video platform YouTube. The main research problem dealt with the matter of the meaning of the historical narrative for the contemporary polish society and the specificity of its historical consciousness. 635 videos from 6 channels since 2013 till 2019 were analyzed. Authors point out the relation between the quantitative analysis of the videos’ topics with the current trends of interests in history present in the society. Functioning of the most popular videos’ trends were emphasized and its connection with their qualitative layer of the historical narrative. Further research on the hypothesis on the ethnocentric interest in history was conducted. Slightly advantage of the political and military narrativewas observed and a little less advantage of the factographical and processual perspective in history which is the matter for the further analysis. Conducted research showed that interest in history on the YouTube platform confirms the special status of the XX century and II World War narrations in the historical consciousness of the Polish society.
EN
The following paper, in its sense, is a summary of the broad qualitative and quantitative authorial research on the historically-themed materials from the social media video platform YouTube. The main research problem dealt with the matter of the meaning of the historical narrative for the contemporary polish society and the specificity of its historical consciousness. 635 videos from 6 channels since 2013 till 2019 were analyzed. Authors point out the relation between the quantitative analysis of the videos’ topics with the current trends of interests in history present in the society. Functioning of the most popular videos’ trends were emphasized and its connection with their qualitative layer of the historical narrative. Further research on the hypothesis on the ethnocentric interest in history was conducted. Slightly advantage of the political and military narrative was observed and a little less advantage of the factographical and processual perspective in history which is the matter for the further analysis. Conducted research showed that interest in history on the YouTube platform confirms the special status of the XX century and II World War narrations in the historical consciousness of the Polish society.
PL
The Takarazuka Revue (Takarazuka Kagekidan) occupies an important place among Japanese modern theatres and enjoys unwavering popularity both in Japan and abroad. Both the artistic and commercial character of the idea that brought the first Japanese all-female revue to life in 1914 determined its further development and process of conversion from a simple choir to a full scale musical theater. Kobayashi – the founder of the Takarazuka Revue, an opera aficionado and theater critic – was driven by the need to create a new, affordable and easily understandable national theater that would meet the needs of modern Japanese society. Currently, the Takarazuka Revue is one of the most active and successful modern Japanese theaters. Its harmonious combinationof trends in mass culture and Japanese and Western theatrical traditions is fascinating. The highly characteristic fusion of simplicity and splendour, kitsch and sophistication that can be seen in the revue’s works, creates a unique, albeit somewhat controversial style, complemented by musumeyaku (female emploi) i otokoyaku (male emploi) played by actresses taught in a special school affiliated to the Takarazuka Revue.
EN
Research background: This research focused on identifying attributes of tourism services which are guided by a responsible vision and which seek to achieve consumer satisfaction with products that respect sustainability principles. Responsible consumer choices were defined as those formed by an orientation toward sustainable local food and drink, health-related services, and entertainment. Purpose of the article: This research had two aims. The first was to create and validate a measurement scale assessing tourists' motivations with regard to three responsible tourism service dimensions. The second was to evaluate how tourists' responsible choices affect their satisfaction. Methods: The methodology included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling to test the hypothesis developed based on a literature review. The convenience sample was made up of tourism service users. Findings & value added: The results include a broad measurement tool that can be applied in other fields of research to detect which variables influence consumer satisfaction. The proposed model incorporates significant determining factors, namely, key aspects affecting tourism service selection by clients focused on sustainability and responsible consumption. Based on a market orientation (MO) perspective, the findings contribute to the existing literature on stakeholder theory (ST) and dynamic capability theory (DCT). The value added comprises a better understanding of responsible tourism consumers' choices based on a three-part theoretical framework (i.e., MO, ST, and DCT).
EN
The main features of physical education in the system of higher education in the USA are singled out in the article. Also the peculiarities of physical education in the United States are theoretically grounded. American experience in the field of physical education is considered and analyzed. It is noted in the article that American positive experience is an important source for the development of new approaches to physical education and improvement of the existing system of physical education in the universities of Ukraine. It is stressed that over the last forty years physical education in the United States of America took an intensive path of development and reform and currently represents one of the most successful and efficient systems. It is pointed out in the article that physical education, sports and various physical activities of the participants of sports programs help to increase students’ motivation for education and have a positive impact on their success. The article reveals the analysis of the main features in the system of higher education in the USA and enables the identification of characteristic features and helps to identify the positive aspects of physical education and apply this experience in domestic practice. There are the following features of physical education in the United States: a harmonious combination of education and entertainment of students; financial support of physical development of students; well-developed system of elective classes and recreation; commercialization and professionalism of student sport. Analyzing the features of physical education in the United States, one should take into account the fact that the USA has accumulated the vast experience in the field of physical education. Physical education and sport lift the spirit and promote the association of students for various tasks. Sporting successes of students is strongly supported by the community of colleges and universities. Therefore one may come to the conclusion that the studies and positive experience of the United States will contribute to the study of new approaches and ways to improve the existing system of physical education in Ukraine. Therefore, a thorough examination of the issue will help solve the problems, because the modern system of physical education needs to be improved and the introduction of new techniques and approaches.
PL
Coraz częściej wskazuje się, że sukces w życiu zawodowym zależy od kreatywności podmiotu, który potrafi tworzyć niepowtarzalne, zaskakujące rozwiązania standardowych i niestandardowych problemów. Współczesna teoria kształcenia oddala się od stanowiska, które kojarzone jest jedynie z przekazywaniem i zdobywaniem wiedzy. W prezentowanym tekście podjęto próbę ukazania możliwości doskonalenia i wykorzystania kompetencji kreacyjnych animatorów pracujących w różnych placówkach. Przedstawiono założenia edukacji formalnej i nieformalnej. Zdefiniowano pojęcia animacji, animatora, kompetencji, kompetencji kreacyjnych. Ustalono niektóre pożądane cechy animatorów podejmujących działania edukacyjne w centrach nauki. Są to osoby, które stwarzają podopiecznym warunki sprzyjające rozwojowi twórczego myślenia oraz zainteresowań nauką. Niezwykle istotne jest nieustanne podwyższanie przez nich kwalifikacji.
EN
It is more and more frequently indicated that professional success depends upon one’s ability to create unique and amazing solutions to standard as well as non-standard problems. The contemporary theory of education is gradually moving away from the knowledge-transmitting and knowledge-gaining approach. This paper attempts to show the opportunities for improving and benefiting from creative competences of entertainers employed in various institutions. The author presents formal and informal education assumptions which were followed by the definitions of entertainment in education, entertainer and creative competences. Some of the desired features of entertainers undertaking educational activities in learning centers were identified. The picture that emerges from these characteristics highlights entertainers as individuals who create conditions conducive to their pupils’ creative thinking and engagement with learning. Finally, the importance of improving their professional quality was underlined.
EN
The paper discusses the style o f conversation in a Czech talk show called “Všechnopárty”, and the negotiation of positions in this type of media dialogue. It compares different distribution o f positions in three talk shows of Czech television and tries to define some more or less fixed features of this genre (such as asymmetry, or the dominant function of entertainment). A special attention is given to the role of the variety of Czech that is used by the hosts and guests in positioning: it seems that the talk show is a type of a private conversation w ith the participants using particularly colloquial Czech. Nevertheless, different sociolects of the interlocutors (who belong to different generations and professional groups) are an important component of the positioning and permanent negotiation.
EN
In many societies, professional orchestras serve cultural, educational, entertaining, and economic functions, and they aim high: they aim to be artistically excellent. Pursuing partly cultural, social and economic goals, orchestras are exposed simultaneously to respective institutional logics. These logics provide a framework for relevant actors (state, benefactors, audiences) to support orchestras. Changing logics coupled with drastic changes in audiences afford to classical orchestras the challenge of developing strategies in order to survive. While Germany with its high number of orchestras per habitants experiences particularly high pressure to walk new paths, strategic development will become a more urgent topic in other countries as well since each performance begs for recognition in the big and increasing panoply of culture, education, and entertainment. Based on historical developments and an empirical study of German audiences we discuss two directions for strategic development, here for orchestras in Germany: a) the combination of elements from different logics, and b) the development of audiences.
EN
The article presents a meta-analysis of the social context of benefits achieved by people in a new, yet not well-researched activity in electronic sports. The presented historical background of eSport and the dilemmas of the highly polarised scientific community, in which there are as many supporters as opponents of the recognition of eSport as a sport, have become a basis for describing this phenomenon in the context of the theory of use and gratification. Thus, based on the few eSport studies carried out, the human benefits related to cognitive and social development, identity development and participation in entertainment were determined.
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