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EN
In this article I would like to look briefly at the background to the concept of enthusiasm, its evolution from earlier understandings in the domain of religion to its modern understandings as expressed by various lexicographic sources. This will lead me to the major focus of the article, which is the various applications of enthusiasm in education. Not surprisingly, there is a large body of empirical studies on teacher and learner enthusiasm and its contribution to successful teaching and learning. A selection of studies is presented here and their results are discussed. The empirical part of this article looks at my own qualitative study of pre-service EFL teachers’ narratives and their perceptions of teacher enthusiasm and its impact on teaching and learning success, as seen from their own perspective. In the concluding part I suggest how teacher training should incorporate ideas on teacher enthusiasm and strategies to deploy them as prospective weapons in preventing professional burnout in teachers. As Churchill said, “success is not final... Failure is not fatal... it´s the courage to continue that counts.” I strongly believe that it is enthusiasm that gives us courage to continue.
EN
Teresa Bandettini Landucci (1763–1837) was a dancer, poet, and above all amongst the most acclaimed composers of extemporaneous verse in the late 18 th century. Yet her legacy is all but forgotten, her name virtually unmentioned in histories of literature. Such an omission is a result of the general dismissal of female writing in literary history; but, in the case of Bandettini, it is all the more pronounced because she was an improviser. The aim of this study is to show that, firstly, in the 18 th century, the profession of improvisation was one of the few cultural fields in which women could attain celebrity; and secondly, that the Western emphasis on the written word over orality, on printed documents over ephemeral performances, has meant that improvisation as a performative art has received little recognition or cultural legitimacy. The art of improvisation experienced a golden age in the second half of the 18 th century. This depended upon an expression of enthusiasm within an impromptu performance, characterised by physical presence, the staging of the self, and the involvement of the public. The immediacy of the performance and the authenticity of the artist were decisive elements of this type of performance, though they were rarely recognised within a culture of literacy. Moreover, the transcription and publication of improvised poems could never communicate the nature of these performances and their cultural impact, in part because the oral nature of these texts was considered to be subordinate to meditated poetry. The marginalisation of Bandettini in literary history can therefore be ascribed to the dismissal of categories such as performance, orality, and ephemerality.
IT
Teresa Bandettini (1763–1837) è stata una ballerina e poetessa e soprattutto un’improvvisatrice tra i più acclamati poeti estemporanei alla fine del Settecento. Della gloria di quest’epoca, nella memoria culturale odierna non resta alcuna traccia, e il nome della poetessa improvvisatrice è quasi sparito dalle storie letterarie. A spiegare questa degenerazione del prestigio si può certamente addurre l’inadeguata rappresentazione della scrittura femminile nella memoria storica in generale, ma nel caso specifico di Teresa Bandettini sono due aspetti strettamente collegati tra di loro che hanno portato all’emarginazione dell’artista: essere donna ed essere improvvisatrice. Scopo della presente indagine è di mostrare che da un lato, nel Settecento, il mestiere dell’improvvisazione è uno dei pochi campi culturali nei quali anche le donne possono raggiungere celebrità e notorietà, mentre dall’altro l’improvvisazione come arte performativa non è mai entrata nella memoria culturale occidentale, fondata sulla priorità dello scritto sull’oralità, su documenti stampati e non su fenomeni effimeri, tra cui tutte le varietà di performances. L’improvvisazione, che visse la sua età aurea nella seconda metà del Settecento in rapporto con il concetto dell’entusiasmo è una performance estemporanea caratterizzata dalla presenza fisica, dalla messa in scena del proprio io e dal coinvolgimento del pubblico. L’immediatezza dell’esibizione e l’autenticità dell’artista sono elementi decisivi in questo tipo di prestazione, e tuttavia poco rilevanti per una cultura dello scritto e del duraturo. L’eventuale trascrizione e pubblicazione delle poesie improvvisate non riescono a rimediare alla situazione, perché il carattere orale dei testi è percepito come fenomeno subalterno rispetto alla poesia meditata. L’emarginazione nella storia letteraria della a suo tempo famosissima improvvisatrice Teresa Bandettini può dunque essere ricondotta alla scarsa valorizzazione delle categorie del performativo, dell’orale e dell’effimero.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest obrazowi XIX-wiecznego Chicago nakreślonemu przez niemal zapomnianego przedstawiciela amerykańskiego nurtu reportażu literackiego, George’a Ade. Wkład autora w rozwój tego gatunku reportażu związany jest przede wszystkim z sukcesem jego rubryki The Stories of the Streets and of the Town (Historie ulic i miasta), publikowanej przez siedem lat (1893–1900) w gazecie codziennej „The Chicago Record”. Popularność tej serii reportaży wynikała w dużej mierze z pełnego entuzjazmu przedstawienia miasta jako fascynującej przestrzeni, zasługującej na nieustanne odkrywanie. Szczegółowy opis oparty był na autentycznej ciekawości, szczerym przywiązaniu, a także autorskiej uczciwości. Dzięki niegasnącej reporterskiej czujności i ciekawości George’a Ade, czytelnicy jego rubryki mogli zaznajomić się z niektórymi aspektami historii Chicago, być na bieżąco z najnowszymi miejskimi trendami oraz snuć refleksje na temat przyszłości miasta. Autor poruszał uniwersalne kwestie imigracji, asymilacji, architektury, sztuki i zmian w obrębie miejskiej przestrzeni. Przyjęta przez Ade perspektywa zdystansowanego obserwatora życia wielkiego miasta sprawiła jednak, że jego Stories of Chicago dość szybko popadły w zapomnienie. Zdaniem autorki, miejskie szkice George’a Ade, jak również jego pozostałe artystyczne przedsięwzięcia zasługują na przybliżenie czytelnikom oraz uwagę badaczy literatury zarówno w Stanach Zjednoczonych, jak i na całym świecie.
Studia Gilsoniana
|
2015
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
29-38
EN
The article discusses human subjectivity from the perspective of Christian personalism. There are three complementary respects in which human subjectivity is examined: (1) its main source which is God, (2) its place of actualization which is the encounter of persons, and (3) its way of implementation which is the love of persons. Integrally understood, human subjectivity appears as a key parameter which facilitates properly shaping the individual development and social relationships of persons.
EN
The 25 years of activity of self-government in Poland occupy a special place in Polish history. It has been a period of dynamic political, social and economic changes and self-government units have been to a large extent creators of that change. Undoubtedly, the first years, which were also the most difficult ones, played a crucial role, and never again has it been possible to achieve the same level of enthusiasm and social involvement in the process. I was lucky to participate in the building of self-governing structures in Poland from the very beginning and at all levels. There was huge responsibility placed on the shoulders of those who were appointed to the function of a local self-government officer. The credit of trust given to them was charged with enormous social expectations. The stake 25 years ago was not only the possibility of free elections; it was the fundamental changes in all aspect of life. Decentralisation and democtratisation of the Polish state would not have been possible without active engagement of self-government, which involved the entire society in the process of change, they taught responsibility and transparency. The building of self-government in Poland was a huge logistic project, on a scale not previously encountered. Over 100 thousand state clerks transformed into independent officials, learning new skills and competences, also drawing on experiences of other countries. In result of the processof passing state property to local governments, communes and municipalities (gmina) received several millions of plots of land and over acquired over 1,500 enterprises. The experiences gained in the legislative and organisational work of the first stage of the self-governance reform, enabled Poland to enter the second stage of the reform in 1989 and to commence work of the building of district (powiat) and regional (voivodship) self-government structures. That process was completed 8 years later. Self-governance at the regional level was being developed when Poland was about to receive pre-accession funds from the European Union, a lucky moment since it was self-government that was to play a vital role in their distribution. Regional self-government is also responsible for facilitating suitable and supporting conditions for regional development and competitiveness of regions. Today, we are facing another challenge which is an optimal use of the EU funds allocated to Poland from the 2014-2020 budget. I have no doubts that we shall do it well.
PL
25 lat działalności samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce to okres w historii Polski szczególny – czas dynamicznych zmian politycznych, społecznych i gospodarczych, których samorządy w znaczącym stopniu były kreatorami. I trzeba przyznać, że to właśnie te pierwsze, najtrudniejsze przecież lata nie miały sobie równych, bo tak ogromnego entuzjazmu i zaangażowania społecznego nie udało się osiągnąć już nigdy później. Miałem szczęście uczestniczyć w budowaniu samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce niemal od początku, na wszystkich jego szczeblach. Na obejmujących swe funkcje samorządowcach spoczęła ogromna odpowiedzialność, bo kredyt zaufania, jakim ich obdarzono, związany był z ogromnymi oczekiwaniami społecznymi: 25 lat temu nie chodziło przecież tylko o możliwość przeprowadzenia wyborów samorządowych, ale o fundamentalne zmiany we wszystkich dziedzinach życia. Decentralizacja i demokratyzacja polskiego państwa nie byłyby możliwe bez samorządów. To one włączały w przemiany całe społeczeństwo, uczyły odpowiedzialności i transparentności działania. Budowa samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce była też ogromną operacją logistyczną, na niespotykana dotąd skalę ‒ 25 lat temu ponad 100 tysięcy osób z urzędników państwowych zmieniło się w samorządowych, zdobywając nowe umiejętności i kompetencje, m.in. korzystając z wcześniejszych doświadczeń innych krajów. W wyniku komunalizacji mienia gminy przejęły wtedy kilka milionów nieruchomości i ponad 1500 przedsiębiorstw. Doświadczenia legislacyjne i organizacyjne pierwszego etapu reformy pozwoliły już jednak w 1991 r. rozpocząć prace nad jej drugim etapem – tworzeniem samorządów powiatowych i wojewódzkich, co nastąpiło po ośmiu latach. Samorząd regionalny powstawał już w momencie, gdy Polska przygotowywała się na przyjęcie unijnych środków przedakcesyjnych, w których podziale samorządy regionalne miały odgrywać znaczącą rolę. To na samorządach regionalnych spoczęła odpowiedzialność za tworzenie warunków do rozwoju województwa i wzrostu jego konkurencyjności. A przed nami kolejne ogromne wyzwanie – optymalne wykorzystanie środków unijnych z okresu budżetowego 2014-2020. Nie mam żadnych wątpliwości, że zrobimy to dobrze.
Nurt SVD
|
2016
|
issue 2
168-188
EN
In the apostolic exhortation Evangelii gaudium Pope Francis teaches us that each member of the people of God by force of the baptism becomes a disciple-missionary and is called to evangelical tasks. Each Christian becomes a missionary to the extent he meets with God's love in Christ Jesus and enters into personal relationship with Him. Jesus, who himself was sent by the Father, empowered by the Holy Spirit performed the work of salvation. He called his disciples to cooperate in that work. As the apostles, long ago, so now also missionaries need a deepened missionary spirituality. A true missionary does not only know social and cultural conditions of his environment, furthermore he is convinced of Jesus' presence, that Jesus goes with him, keeps him company and is present in the very heart of his missionary involvement. The personal relationship with Jesus is the source of his missionary enthusiasm. A missionary also has to submit to the Holy Spirit and His guidance to be able to respond correctly to the challenges of the Church. By performing apostolic tasks he is obliged to show the world the merciful image of God and lead brothers and sisters to join the community of the Church.
PL
W adhortacji apostolskiej Evangelii gaudium papież Franciszek naucza, że każdy członek Ludu Bożego na mocy sakramentu chrztu staje się uczniem-misjonarzem i jest wezwany do zadań ewangelizacyjnych. Każdy chrześcijanin staje się misjonarzem w takiej mierze, w jakiej spotyka się z miłością Boga w Chrystusie Jezusie i nawiązuje z Nim osobową relację. Jezus, sam posłany przez Ojca, w mocy Ducha Świętego dokonał dzieła zbawienia. Do współpracy w tym dziele zaprosił szerokie grono uczniów. Jak kiedyś apostołowie, tak dzisiaj misjonarze potrzebują pogłębionej duchowości misyjnej. Prawdziwy misjonarz nie tylko zna uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe swego środowiska, ale przede wszystkim jest przekonany, że Jezus kroczy z nim, towarzyszy mu i jest obecny w samym sercu jego misyjnego zaangażowania. Osobowa więź z Jezusem jest źródłem entuzjazmu misyjnego. Misjonarz ma być też uległy Duchowi Świętemu i zdawać się na Jego prowadzenie, by właściwie odpowiedzieć na wyzwania Kościoła. Wykonując zadania apostolskie, ma ukazywać światu miłosierne oblicze Ojca oraz wprowadzać siostry i braci do wspólnoty Kościoła.
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