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Protecting the environment through criminal law in Poland - the system of institutions

100%
Mądrzejowski W.
Przegląd Policyjny
|
2023
|
vol. 150(2)
272-305
EN
In Poland there are over a dozen bodies engaged in protection of environment. The tasks in the field of combating environmental crime are carried out by several institutions with varied duties and control and investigative powers, including appearing before trial court. The system of law enforcement institutions engaged in environmental protection is undoubtedly dispersed. There is no agency legally entitled to coordinate or influence the activities undertaken by other institutions within the system. The main role here is undoubtedly played by Environmental Protection Inspectorate. It was tasked with both monitoring of compliance with the environmental protection regulations in a very wide scope, as well as independent conduct of certain operational activities and granted investigative powers. The role of the Environmental Protection Inspection will increase in the future, as evidenced by the establishment in 2021 of the Department for Combating Environmental Crimes at the Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection. So far, the vast majority of investigations concerning environmental crimes are conducted by the Police. There are, however, no specialised police units fighting environmental crimes and corresponding activities are carried out by departments combating economic crimes. Cases concerning organized forms of environmental crime are conducted by the Central Investigation Bureau of Police. No coherent strategy to combat environmental crime has been developed so far. Cooperation between various involved institutions is based on bilateral and multilateral agreements. An undertaking necessary to improve the effectiveness of combating environmental crimes is currently primarily the creation of common database of these crimes mechanisms and perpetrators, as well as creation of an analytical structure dealing with this issue,
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Odpowiedzialność prawna w ochronie środowiska ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem odpowiedzialności karnej

84%
Barczak A.
Prawo w Działaniu
|
2024
|
issue 59
EN
The subject of this study is an attempt to present the essence of crimes against the environment, from the point of view of the provided criminal sanctions and their comparison with the repressive measures existing in Polish criminal law, against the background of the latest changes in this area, introduced by the Act amending certain acts to counteract environmental crime. The role of Polish environmental criminal law in international criminal law is excluded from the research. The research thesis is that the adoption of the Act on Counteracting Environmental Crime is a positive direction in combating environmental crimes. The issue of whether the current criminal law ensures the environment sufficient protection and rational management of the environment through claims protecting subjective rights requires emphasis. The issues covered by the topic are particularly valid due to the entry into force of the Act on Counteracting Environmental Crime and due to the subject of protection, which is the environment. To achieve the above-mentioned scientific results, two methods of law research were used in the work, i.e., dogmatic-legal and sociological.
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego opracowania jest podjęcie próby przedstawienia istoty przestępstw przeciwko środowisku, z punktu widzenia przewidzianych sankcji karnych oraz ich zestawienia ze środkami represyjnymi, istniejącymi w polskim prawie karnym, na tle najnowszych zmian w tym zakresie, wprowadzonych ustawą o zmianie niektórych ustaw w celu przeciwdziałania przestępczości środowiskowej. Poza badaniami jest rola polskiego prawa karnego środowiska w prawie karnym międzynarodowym. Jako tezę badawczą przyjmuje się, że uchwalenie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu przestępczości środowiskowej stanowi pozytywny kierunek w zwalczaniu przestępstw przeciwko środowisku. Zaakcentowania wymaga kwestia, czy obowiązujące prawo karne środowiska zapewnia w dostateczny sposób ochronę i racjonalne kształtowanie środowiska za pomocą roszczeń chroniących prawa podmiotowe. Problematyka objęta tematem jest szczególnie aktualna z uwagi na wejście w życie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu przestępczości środowiskowej oraz ze względu na przedmiot ochrony, jakim jest środowisko. Do osiągnięcia wyżej wymienionych efektów naukowych zastosowano w pracy dwie metody badania prawa, tj. dogmatyczno-prawną i socjologiczną.
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