Recent studies and reports on cleanliness and quality of air indicate that Poland belongs to a group of European Union countries where air pollution is at one of the highest levels. Low air quality in many areas of Poland should be considered not only in the context of environmental destruction, but also in the context of the developmental negligence of the country in the context of the care of ecology. This article summarizes the results of research into the scale of threats regarding air quality occurring locally in the city of Słupsk. The paper also discusses the scale of air pollution-related risks and their consequences for the life and health of the individual.
The organization of environmental protection in Poland is a result of both the country’s environmental policy, as well as programs connected with its function as part of the European Union. New challenges in the field of environmental protection are determining the way it is handled in Poland and in global policy.
The organization of environmental protection in Poland and the European Union is a mutual connection of competencies and a correlation of systems and rights according to national and EU laws. The legal system of the EU is the result of decades of cooperation undertaken by the will of the Member States known as the acquis communautaire. EU law has primacy over national law, which in practice means that in the event of a conflict between the provisions of national law and EU law, the national law is deemed inapplicable and needs to be adjusted by the Member State.
The article presents several of many safety aspects regarding aerial weapons. An attempt was made to present problems related to environmental safety, technical services, the transport of hazardous materials in the light of the applicable provisions of Polish and international laws.
Modern science can distinguish three main types of the origin of threats caused by human activities for the ecology and environmental safety of the planet, country, region, or city. We emphasize, that these threats have appeared in the sphere of material production, and the threats that arise in the sphere of waste management and consumption. We underline, the phenomenon of material production, on the one hand, satisfies all the basic needs of society, and on the other hand, threatens environmental safety. Material production has actualized the needs of consumers, and nowadays consumers themselves are an integral part of ecosystem life. Therefore, we underline that the current situation in Ukraine when scientific economic and legal thought in matters of ensuring environmental safety underestimates the importance of the consumer protection system for solving this problem, focusing mainly on the issues of business entities sounds rather questionable. Therefore, such excess in scientific research makes it necessary to justify the impact of the consumer protection system on environmental safety and this is the issues on which we have concentrated our research.
Sea transport of liquid substances (petroleum and its derivatives) is done with the use of vessels called tankers. Their incorrect operation constitutes a great threat to the natural environment of maritime areas. Neglect of individual operations or failure to observe guidelines in many cases lead to oil spills the consequences of which are frequently irreversible and pose a threat to environmental safety. This article analyses the threats engendered by improper operation of oil tankers and describes how the operations necessary in transport of liquid substances with the use of tankers should be performed. It is an important issue since elimination of the abovementioned threats at the same time favours the efforts aimed at the highest possible degree of safety of marine natural environment (or more broadly ecological safety). The article also attempts to answer the following questions: Is the majority of disasters involving tankers caused by a human factor? Are the disasters rather caused by political factors and armed conflicts? The answer to those questions may form a basis for further research aimed at raising the level of marine safety.
The scientific study is devoted to the development of conceptual bases, principles and scenario of the modelling of environmental safety in the system of sustainable development. The study considers artificiality, structural instability, quantifiability and duality of environmental safety. Factor and time components of safety determined according to the modified stochastic approach are also disclosed. They interpret the dependence of the environmental competitiveness of the region on the level of environmental hazard (component by component), innovation and investment activity aimed at improving the state of the environment. The authors of the paper argue that safety modelling, in view of institutional transformations (or responses), characterizes the level of response to challenges, taking into account the analysis of environmental safety issues in the system of sustainable development, the state of legal mechanisms, the struggle against threats and risks, etc. In the light of the aforementioned, an econometric model of the period and change in the dependence of the ecological competitiveness of the territory on the level of environmental hazard, innovation and investment activities aimed at improving the state of the environment is developed. The obtained results of the modelling, based on modified stochastic approach using real information that quantitatively reflects the features of such processes, prove a significant influence of genetic factors on competitiveness.
In St. Petersburg, there is a system for collecting plastic waste, but the existing capacity is not fully used, which is largely due to the attitude of the city’s population to separate collection. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyze the problem of environmental safety in St. Petersburg, study the attitude of the population to separate collection and develop proposals for the formation of a strategy for its provision on the example of the plastic waste processing industry. A survey conducted among the city’s population based on the questionnaire developed by the authors revealed that the majority of city residents are aware of the importance of the problem of plastic waste, and they are trying to reduce the amount of such garbage, but there is also a significant part of residents who are aware of this problem, but still do nothing. Based on the analysis of barriers to the formation of a conscious attitude to the separate collection of plastic waste, measures were proposed to use several channels of public communication, which can help increase awareness of the problem of plastic waste and explain the importance of such actions.
RU
В Санкт-Петербурге существует система сбора пластиковых отходов, но существующие мощности используются далеко не полностью, что во многом обусловлено отношением населения города к раздельному сбору. Поэтому целью данной статьи явился анализ проблемы экологической безопасности Санкт-Петербурга, изучение отношения населения к раздельному сбору и разработка предложений по формированию стратегии ее обеспечения на примере отрасли переработки пластиковых отходов. Опрос, проведенный среди населения города по разработанному авторами опросному листу, позволил выявить что большинство жителей города осознают важность проблемы пластиковых отходов, и они пытаются сократить объем такого мусора, но есть и значительная часть жителей, которые осознают эту проблему, но до сих пор ничего не делают. На основе анализа барьеров для формирования осознанного отношения к раздельному сбору пластиковых отходов были предложены меры по использованию несколько каналов общественных коммуникаций, с помощью которых можно увеличить осведомленность жителей о проблеме пластиковых отходов и объяснить важность подобных мероприятий.
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