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EN
Para-phenylenediamine (PPD) can induce immediate or – more often – delayed hypersensitivity. We report the case of 48-year old female admitted to the out-patient allergy clinic a day after her visit in a beauty parlour, where she had her eyelashes and eyebrows dyed with henna. Physical examination revealed prominent edema of the upper part of the face including forehead, cheeks and eyes causing severe narrowing of the palpebral chink. Skin prick tests (SPT) with common allergens were positive for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and moulds, while the SPT with PPD was negative. Patch test to PPD was positive. Further investigations revealed eosinophilia in the tear fluid. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PPD-induced contact blepharoconjunctivitis (CB) with concomitant increased eosinophilia in the tear fluid.
EN
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the lag between exposure to air pollutants and changes in human eosinophil counts.Material and MethodsThis was a retrospective study employing 246 425 physical examination records dated December 2013 – December 2016 from Chengdu, China. The authors determined the prevalence of individuals with eosinophil counts above the normal reference range each day. A distributed lag non-linear model was used to evaluate the lagged effect of each air pollutant on eosinophil counts. The lagged effects of each air pollutant were counted and presented with smoothing splines.ResultsThe effects of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM2.5, aerodynamic diameters <2.5 μm; PM10, aerodynamic diameters <10 μm), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) were evaluated. In women, the effects of PM2.5 (RR = 1.154, 95% CI: 1.061–1.255) and PM10 (RR = 1.309, 95% CI: 1.130–1.517) reached the maximum values on lag day 0. In men, there was no significant effect of PM2.5, but significant effects of PM10 were found for lag days 20–28. The effects of NO2 and O3 on eosinophils were not statistically significant for either gender.ConclusionsThe air pollutants of PM10 have a significant effect on human eosinophils for both women and men, but with different temporal patterns, with women showing a lag of 0–5 days and men showing a lag of 20–28 days. In addition, PM2.5 was significant for women with a lag of 0–3 days but it was not significant for men.
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