Search results - CEJSH

1

K filosofickému myšlení Charlese Sanderse Peirce

100%

Hroch J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2010

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vol. 58

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issue 6

805-825

EN

In the first part of this study C. S. Peirce´s epistemology is analysed in relation to the philosophy of René Descartes. In Peirce´s view Cartesian scepticism results in mere self-deception as we are not able to start our quest for knowledge with complete doubt. Indeed we cannot avoid beginning our epistemological procedures in the company of all our prejudices. Peirce´s conception of the doubt-belief theory of inquiry is also analysed. Doubt is an uneasy state of dissatisfaction from which we struggle to free ourselves so as to pass into the state of belief. According to Peirce belief does not make us act at once, but puts us into the kind of condition that means we shall behave in a certain way. In the second part of this study, the author reflects, from an ontological point of view, on Peirce´s panpsychistic conceptions which are combined with synechism. Synechism means the tendency to regard everything as continuous. In this connection, according to Peirce, the most fundamental moving principle of the evolutionary process is not struggle and competition but the principle of chance (tychism), based on nurturing love. In Peirce´s view tychism gives birth to an evolutionary cosmology in which all the regularities of nature and of mind are regarded as products of growth. As far as Peirce´s socioeconomic ideas are concerned, he argues against the popular social Darwinism, which advocated egoism in an ever-expanding sway of rugged capitalism. At the end of the article Peirce´s conception of the historical, psychological and ethical significance of Christianity is analysed. We pay attention to Peirce´s opinion that St. John’s gospel states an evolutionary philosophy which teaches that growth comes only from love. In opposition to rugged individualism and social Darwinism, Peirce rejects the notion of human selfishness and greed as the moving principle of social progress. In this historical context his sociopolitical views precede the social liberalism and communitarianism of John Dewey.

2

Hipoteza Sapira-Whorfa – przegląd argumentów zwolenników i przeciwników

80%

Klimczuk A.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 1

165-182

EN

Nowadays is growing importance of interdisciplinary research and in the field of cultural diversity, multiculturalism and intercultural cooperation. It is important also to take into account the global processes of changes associated with the dissemination of digital information and communication technologies. One of the theories which are essential in this area of research is the concept by E. Sapir and B.L. Whorf. The purpose of the article is to introduce into a current condition of scientific dispute concerning the views of these authors on the relationship between language and cognition. Paper is based on a critical analysis of the literature. In conclusion, the main findings and recommendations for further research were identified.

3

Management – from Epistemology by Methodology to Social Practice of Academia Cognitive Challenges in Management Science 21

80%

Sułkowski Ł.

Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 2

111-119

EN

The aim of the article is to present cognitive challenges in the area of management. Researchers and reflective managers still work on the identity of management belonging to the social sciences. The paper depicts the connections between cognitive problems (from the epistemological point of view), management methodology and social practice. Management sciences are parts of historical discourse and because of that epistemological and methodological levels have an impact on social practice. The main concern of this paper is the role of the management scientist, consultant and teacher. The analysis suggests that academic teacher and researcher are social roles with a character that can be called universal. Practitioner is associated rather with pragmatic aspect of management science. Practitioners are often regarded as managers, but their roles in the organisation might as well be non-managerial.

4

Wartości pedagogiczne poglądów teoriopoznawczych Johna Locke’a

80%

Jurczyszyn M.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2016

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issue 4(242)

85-96

EN

This article contains a brief analysis of John Locke’s epistemological views on the moral education of children. Locke believed that, in order to develop, man must be able to think for himself. As regards teaching, Locke advocated shaping a research instinct and independent thinking in children, combining language acquisition with learning about things, shaping intellectual abilities, dispositions and habits that enable further education and acquiring a profession. In the sphere of moral education he recommended developing moral concepts in children using the knowledge about the development of their awareness and based on real examples, stimulating their perceptiveness and cognitive activity in terms of proper conduct.

5

According to Newton, the evolution of Classical Physics: epistemological point of view

80%

Borges de Meneses R. D.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 3(24)

93-105

EN

Suppression of new ideas that seriously modified the officially accepted explanations was enforced within the religious system, but mere models like the copernian system were tolerated as a way of representing appearances so long as the interpretations were not present as the absolute truth in conflict with official church position. brahe recorded the motions of a comet that moved in the space between the crystalline spheres, but this result was absorbed by the scholastic foundations. meanwhile, on this paper, i explain the positions and foundations of mechanics by the centuries. To Physics is very important role plays the mechanic by the epistemologic questions.

6

Filozofia przyrody Władysława Heinricha

80%

Heller M.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2005

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issue 36

31-44

PL

At the turn of the 19th and 20th century, Wladyslaw Heinrich introduced a new style of philosophizing in the Cracow rather traditional philosophical milieu. His way of presenting philosophical ideas in a strict contact with empirical sciences arose great interest and found several talented followers. In the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow the manuscript is preserved bearing the title 'Theory of Cognition'; it was written by Heinrich in 1912. The author presents and critically assesses his 'philosophy of nature' as it can be reconstructed from the above mentioned manuscript.

7

Naturalized Epistemology and the Normative

80%

Turp M.-J.

Forum Philosophicum

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2008

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vol. 13

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issue 2

343-355

EN

Gradually emerging from the so-called “linguistic turn,” philosophy in the second half of the twentieth century witnessed what we might follow P. M. S. Hacker in describing as a “naturalistic turn.” This change of direction, an abandonment of traditional philosophical methods in favour of a scientific approach, or critics would say a scientistic approach, has met with widespread approval. In the first part of the paper I look to establish the centrality of the normative to the discipline of epistemology. I then turn to examine Quine's attempt to reduce normative discourse to instrumental rationality, and the more fully developed accounts provided by Stich, Kornblith and Papineau. I argue that these accounts fail because they insist on a constitutive connection between desires and the ends of epistemic activity. I conclude with the suggestion that a more plausible position severs this connection, in favour of an objective, externalist account of ends and reasons.

8

Natural Selection or Problem Solving. Critical Re-evaluation of Karl Popper's Evolutionism

80%

Boldachev A.

Studia Humana

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 3

29-42

EN

Among the philosophers and the educated audience the name of Sir Karl Popper is usually associated with the critical method, evolutionary epistemology, falsification as a criterion for the demarcation of scientific knowledge, the concept of the third world and with his dislike to dialectics and contradictions. This article is aimed to show in what way all these things are connected in the evolutionary researches of the philosopher and the new conceptions, which he contributed to studying the mechanisms of evolution. Also there is an attempt to comprehend the evolutionary views of Popper, test them for falsification, relate his epistemology with his claims, which he puts forward to the theory of objective knowledge evolution and show the obvious contradiction between them.

9

Zygmunta Spiry uwagi o metodologii K.R. Poppera

80%

Polak P.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2006

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issue 39

66-91

PL

The paper presents an outline of the reception of Popper's thought in Poland in the period between two World Wars. The most important paper in this period is doubtlessly the one published by Zygmunt Spira entitled 'Remarks on Popper's methodology and epistemology'. Spira was a student of Z. Zawirski. He lived and worked in Cracow, and was killed during the Nazi occupation. His paper is by now forgotten. We critically present his main ideas, showing his innovatory style of thinking.

10

Je „zdravý rozum“ zdravý – a je to rozum?

80%

Parusniková Z.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2008

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vol. 56

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issue 2

199-223

EN

The relation between the sceptical and the natural capacities, constituting the human condition, is the most fundamental problem of Hume’s epistemology. The author claims that there is a permanent dichotomy and incompatibility between these two capacities, with natural inclinations of our mind being the only constructive epistemological force. Hume’s sceptical arguments are – following Richard Popkin – analyzed in the context of the revival of the Pyrrhonian scepticism in 17th century. In this perspective, Hume develops a strategy of alternatively hiding and exposing one of these aspects, sceptical and natural, without providing any grounds for unifying them: theoretical scepticism remains wholly unmitigated and natural instincts remain totally unaffected by doubts. Hume’s sceptic is a split, schizophrenic personality, living in two distinct worlds. In this way, Hume evokes some postmodern views, especially by undermining the universal authority and the liberating mission of reason, the privileged status of philosophy, and the credibility of Grand meta-narratives.

11

Konwencje, style myślenia i relatywizm. Kilka uwag o sporze I. Dąmbska – L. Fleck

80%

Szlachcic K.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2006

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vol. 1

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issue 1

27-45

EN

My comments are focused on the debate between Izydora Dąmbska and Ludwik Fleck. In the course of their debate, which took place in the 1930's, they discussed some basic issues of epistemology, focusing on the problems of the sources of scientific knowledge, objectivity of knowledge, and truth. The aim of the paper is to place their debate in a the historical context and to demonstrate the novelty of Fleck's arguments, especially in comparison with Thomas S. Kuhn's later contribution. I also examine the dominant interpretations of Fleck's theory of knowledge, as well as the reasons for which his philosophical ideas, especially Entstehung und Entwiklung einer wissenschaftlichen Tatsache (1935) have fallen into the philosophical oblivion. I argue that Fleck's views, although innovative, were less radical than it is commonly thought.

12

Heterotopy of the hysterical body

80%

Mackiewicz W., Barański J.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2021

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vol. 53

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issue 2

1-29

EN

Heterotopia is the space of otherness, a counter-space. A very specific type of heterotopia is a human’s body, especially in its illness and sickness. Hysteria, the disease which can imitate many other diseases, is here a crucial example. From its ancient beginnings until today hysteria makes us reflect on the essence of illness and disease, on the definition of the human condition, on the social role of a healthy and ill human body, etc. The archeology of hysteria explains how disorders shape medical standards.

13

Konstruktywizm i realizm wobec statusu faktów naukowych. Bruno Latour a Ian Hacking

80%

Sikora M.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2006

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vol. 1

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issue 1

11-26

EN

The paper addresses one of most important topics in contemporary epistemology, i.e. the controversy between realistic vs. constructivist approach to reality and science. In my article I focus on two representatives of these approaches, on Ian Hacking's realistic view of knowledge, and on Bruno Latour's radical constructivism. In the first part, Latour's idea of anthropological research of the method of sciences is discussed. I argue that Latour's conception boils down to an assertion against there being an universal method of science. In second part I discuss realistic standpoint of Ian Hacking and his view that not all scientific facts are theoretical constructions.

14

Wartości pedagogiczne poglądów teoriopoznawczych Johna Locke’a

80%

Jurczyszyn M.

Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny

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2016

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vol. 61(4 (242))

85-96

PL

This article contains a brief analysis of John Locke’s epistemological views on the moral education of children. Locke believed that, in order to develop, man must be able to think for himself. As regards teaching, Locke advocated shaping a research instinct and independent thinking in children, combining language acquisition with learning about things, shaping intellectual abilities, dispositions and habits that enable further education and acquiring a profession. In the sphere of moral education he recommended developing moral concepts in children using the knowledge about the development of their awareness and based on real examples, stimulating their perceptiveness and cognitive activity in terms of proper conduct.

15

Natural Law and Political Ontology: a Historico-Philosophical Outline of a Major Human Transformation

71%

Berkmanas T.

Baltic Journal of Law & Politics

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2014

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vol. 7

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issue 2

119-151

EN

The article explores the possibility of comprehending natural law, together with an alternative to the Schmittean political, through an inquiry into the layers of professional philosophy with a special focus on epistemology and analytic philosophy. The starting point of the research is the controversy surrounding the ideas of Carl Schmitt, in which it is unclear what lies at the origin of law and the political - sovereign decision or the situation (Part I)? The latter possibility directs the inquiry to the conceptual field related to natural law and epistemology. Proceeding via both diachronic and synchronic perspectives, the inquiry further analyses what has happened to natural law in modernity, and what its current status is, theorizing both streams of inquiry under the concept of political exile (Part II). The Schmittean political happens to be very much at home in this context, opening up the coherent ideological framework that may be called modern political ontology, which at first appears to camouflage Schmittean antagonistic political praxis (Part III). However, through inquiry into ideas mostly attributable to analytic philosophy (or philosophy of language), this ontology is also shown to function as an ‘anti-onto’-logy - that is, as a direct (i.e. open, not hidden) ideological basis for modern political praxis. The analysis here also discloses the rivalry inside professional philosophy in relation to ‘anti-onto’-logy, the latter finding its disciplinary origin(s) in language itself. It shows that at the level of professional philosophy there is a general trend that could be helpful in the attempt to revive natural law (Part IV).

16

The Art of Shipwrecking: The Information Society and the Rise of Exaptive Resilience

71%

Kollár D., Kollár J.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2020

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issue 1

67-84

EN

We argue that the epistemological, ontological, locality and social structure of the world have undergone radical changes over the last decades. The greatest riddle of the information age is whether we can domesticate the “unstable chaos” to “productive anarchy.” We argue that this results in the appreciation of the creative use of the “we do not know that we know” type of knowledge that we conceptualize as exaptive resilience. We briefly clarify the difference between exaptation and adaptation, and we compare the concept of adaptive resilience with that of exaptive resilience. Our results will show that the effectiveness of complex systems in the information age depends on the capacity of adaptive and exaptive resilience.

17

Rortyho pojetí poznání

71%

Ritter M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2012

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vol. 60

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issue 6

869-883

EN

This study is a systematic interpretation of Rorty’s conception of knowledge as it can be reconstructed on the basis of the book Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Although Rorty is sweeping in his criticism of theories of knowledge, it can still be shown that he himself works with a certain positive conception not only of what knowledge does not consist in, but also of what it positively concerns. The study describes the basic points of Rorty’s conception of knowledge (knowledge as the practice of justification, knowledge as description, knowledge as the modification of theory, knowledge as coping), and it presents Rorty’s critique of epistemology in favour of the concept of self-determination. The conclusion of the study looks at the question of how Rorty is able to justify the rejection of epistemology and the acceptance of a hermeneutical viewpoint.

CS

Studie je vnitřně soudržnou interpretací Rortyho pojetí poznání, jak je lze rekonstruovat na základě knihy Filosofie a zrcadlo přírody. Ačkoli Rorty kritizuje v podstatě všechny teorie poznání, lze ukázat, že sám pracuje s jistou pozitivní představou nejen o tom, v čem poznání nespočívá, nýbrž také o tom, oč v něm pozitivně jde. Studie popisuje podstatné ohledy Rortyho pojetí poznání (poznání jako praxe zdůvodňování, poznání jako popis, poznání jako upravování teorie, poznání jako zvládání) a předvádí Rortyho kritiku epistemologie s pozitivní oporou v konceptu sebeurčení. Závěr studie tematizuje otázku, jakým způsobem Rorty může zdůvodnit odmítnutí epistemologie a přijetí hermeneutického hlediska.

18

Digital Transformation as an Epistemological Event: Predigital Transformation

71%

Maciąg R.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2022

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issue 2

83-102

EN

The paper describes the circumstances in which digital technology arises; the change is recognized in the literature as the basis of digital transformation. This transformation is understood as a deterministic economic process. However, the analysis of the deeper circumstances of this process shows that we are dealing with a vast change in the ways of understanding and describing the world, i.e. with an epistemological change. This change concerns, on the one hand, the method of creating general mathematical (including geometric) structures that are the basis of models used to describe the world, and on the other hand—tools for its description, e.g. network theory, systems theory, complexity theory. Such a broadly understood change makes the deterministic description proposed by the digital transformation too simple and shallow. Instead, the concept of pre-digital transformation is proposed. It includes not only the omitted historical part but also creates better and richer conditions for understanding the digital transformation process, as well as for developing appropriate conceptual tools for its use.

19

Sieć i społeczeństwo sieci – zarys rozwoju najważniejszych idei

71%

Maciąg R.

Zarządzanie Mediami

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2014

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vol. 2

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issue 4

157–167

EN

The article discusses the history of the development of the idea of a network as a tool for research, indicating its dispersion within science, involving the use of extremely different theoretical approaches. The text proposes to include them in the form of the parent confrontation between mainly quantitative research stream and humanistic stream, based on the idea of a network society. It indicates also that a similar breakdown occurs from the beginning of the research within the quantitative stream, taking the form of a confrontation of sociological research and physical or biological research. The article cites facts about the development of all the described tracts, leading to conclusion, that such a state of network research must recall the epistemological reflection on the one hand, and, on the other hand, it establishes the possibility of the emergence of the synthetic and interdisciplinary concepts, which potential examples it shows

20

Prawda, prawo i literatura

71%

Wojtuń M., Uniwersytet Łódzki W. P. i. A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2014

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vol. 73

EN

The ethos of the lawyer in western societies is mainly founded on a culture of the Enlightenment. In effect, it tends to treat law in a purely rational and instrumental manner. The Law and Literature movement, as opposed to this traditional approach, searches for lost dimensions of the lawyer’s ethos, trying to discover interpretative, rhetoric and narrative aspects in the practice of law.

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