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Sytuacja kobiet na europejskim rynku pracy

100%
REWIZORSKI M.
Przegląd Politologiczny
|
2011
|
issue 2
149-166
EN
The considerations presented in the paper demonstrate that the situation of women in the European labor market has considerably improved over the last decade. This is facilitated, among other things, by the extensive legal instruments stipulated in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and in so-called ‘equality directives’. Yet, despite this extensive and moderately coherent system of legal protection of women in the labor market, they continue to have a weaker position than men. Gender segregation in the European Union is a considerable problem; it is exemplified by women’s limited access to attractive positions and a gender pay gap, i.e. obtaining lower remuneration than men employed in comparable positions. There are also other factors that influence limited women’s activity in professional life. For a long time women have been second to men in terms of education, but the differences in this area have been gradually decreasing in recent times. What continues to be a factor to curb the participation of women in the European labor market is insufficient childcare provisions. It should be pointed out that confronting demography with employment, and requesting that women choose between home and family or work falsifies the problem. This has clearly been noted in the Europe 2020 strategy, which creates a feedback between women’s employment and their traditional role of guardians of home and hearth. This is facilitated by flexible instruments in the labor market, such as contracts typical for a flexecurity model, e.g. non-standard contracts and flexible hour contracts. Their implementation can contribute to maintaining a positive trend that has recently been manifested in an increasing rate of employed women.
2
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Model rozpoznawania kwalifikacji zawodowych na rynku pracy w Niemczech, Polsce, Portugalii

67%
Kacak I., Całuń-Swat H.
Edukacja Ustawiczna Dorosłych
|
2017
|
issue 4
47-54
EN
A model for recognition of professional qualifications in the professions of electrician and motor vehicle mechanic for the needs of their transfer on the European labour market in Germany, Poland and Portugal is a response to the need for recognition and comparison of professional competences in the professions mentioned above. The Model includes the following information modules: Information about the profession, learning outcomes, employers` expectations, educational institutions. Self-assessment of professional skills is the main function of the designed model, which allows to compare own professional skills with expectations of Polish, German and Portuguese employers. After self-assessment, the user of the model receives recommendations on the directions of competence development. The main groups of users are graduates of vocational education/employees, employers, educational institutions, labour market institutions as well as institutions responsible for the implementation of education policy in a specific country.
3
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Podniesienie wieku emerytalnego

67%
Męcina J.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2012
|
vol. 39
|
issue 4(457)
6-14
EN
Demographic development and its socio-economic consequences have become particularly important and timely in the face of an aging population and increasing demographic problems. These problems are a threat not only to social security and pension systems, but also for the labour market and, consequently, threaten the economic and social development. Therefore, it is so important to develop in the area of ​​social insurance the effective and stable solutions for the next few decades. The scale of the challenges, but also controversy about the detailed arrangements in recent years led to many changes that have shaken the stability of the system. In this atmosphere, many experts, but also the politicians took the debate on pension reform. The dominant trend of the discussion today is to extend the retirement age and equalizing the retirement age for men and women. The directions of such changes are also observed in most European countries. Discussions are conducted under the pressure of an increasingly pessimistic demographic projections, which in turn gave rise to focusing attention on the reciprocal relationship between economic, social and demographic developments and consequences of demographic developments for economic and social spheres, in particular the labour market. Both supporters and opponents of the changes highlight the importance of threats to the situation of persons 50 + in particular in the context of the labour market. The analysis is precisely these issues - the identification of threats, defining challenges, and to indicate the desired action in this area.
PL
Rozwój demograficzny oraz jego społeczno-ekonomiczne skutki stały się szcze¬gólnie ważne i aktualne w obliczu zjawiska starzenia się społeczeństwa i narastających problemów demograficznych. Problemy te stanowią zagrożenie nie tylko dla bezpieczeństwa socjalnego i zabezpieczenia emerytalnego, ale także dla rynku pracy, a w konsekwencji, zagrażają rozwojowi gospodarczemu i społecznemu. Dlatego też tak ważne jest wypracowanie w obszarze ubezpieczeń społecznych rozwiązań przemyślanych i efektywnych oraz trwałych w perspektywie kilku dziesięcioleci. Skala wyzwań, ale i kontrowersje wokół szczegółowych rozwiązań prowadziły w ostatnich latach do wielu zmian, które zachwiały stabilnością systemu. W tej atmosferze wielu ekspertów, ale także i polityków podjęło dyskusję na temat reformy systemu emerytalnego. Dominującym dziś nurtem tej dyskusji jest wydłużenie wieku emerytalnego i zrównanie wieku emerytalnego kobiet i mężczyzn. Kierunki takich zmian są również obserwowane w większości krajów europejskich. Dy¬skusje są prowadzone pod presją coraz bardziej pesy¬mi¬stycznych prognoz demograficznych, które z kolei dały początek koncentrowaniu specjalnej uwagi na wzajemnych związkach między rozwojem gospo¬darczym, społecznym i demo¬graficznym i konsekwencjom kierunków rozwoju demograficznego dla sfery gospodarczej i społecznej, w szczególności dla rynku pracy. Zarówno zwolennicy, jak i przeciwnicy zmian podkreślają znaczenie zagrożeń dla sytuacji osób 50+ zwłaszcza w kontekście rynku pracy. Przedmiotem analizy są właśnie te zagadnienia – identyfikacja zagrożeń, zdefiniowanie wyzwań i wskazanie pożądanych działań w tym obszarze.
4
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Narzędzie ICT do rozpoznawania kwalifikacji zawodowych w zawodach elektryk i mechanik w Polsce, Niemczech i Portugalii

67%
Kacak I.
Edukacja Ustawiczna Dorosłych
|
2018
|
issue 2
164-171
EN
The project “Recognition of professional qualifications for the purposes of transfer on the European labor market”, Erasmus+ programme, tackles the issue of mismatch of professional competences to the expectations of the national and European labour market. The article presents an ICT tool for identifying and comparing professional competences of electrician and motor vehicle mechanic professions taken as in Poland, Germany, Portugal. The possibilities for developing the IT platform for other professions and other labour markets were presented.
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