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A contemporary look at language origins

100%
Wacewicz S.
Avant
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
EN
Why is language unique? How did language come about? When did this happen? These questions, although quite emblematic of the Western intellectual tradition since its ancient beginnings, so far have not found satisfying answers. Indeed, many still question the very possibility of addressing these basic problems of the origins of language with proper scientific rigor (see e.g. Hauser et al. 2014). However, an emerging consensus is that current research in the field of language evolution is in fact bearing fruit, making it at least possible to judge in an informed manner which of these competing scenarios are far more or less probable. In what follows, I guide the reader through some of this research and some of these scenarios; for more details, I refer the reader to a recent book (Żywiczyński & Wacewicz 2015), which is the first monograph that presents this developing field of language evolution research to the Polish reader.
2
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

A contemporary look at language origins

100%
Wacewicz S.
Avant
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
EN
Why is language unique? How did language come about? When did this happen? These questions, although quite emblematic of the Western intellectual tradition since its ancient beginnings, so far have not found satisfying answers. Indeed, many still question the very possibility of addressing these basic problems of the origins of language with proper scientific rigor (see e.g. Hauser et al. 2014). However, an emerging consensus is that current research in the field of language evolution is in fact bearing fruit, making it at least possible to judge in an informed manner which of these competing scenarios are far more or less probable. In what follows, I guide the reader through some of this research and some of these scenarios; for more details, I refer the reader to a recent book (Żywiczyński & Wacewicz 2015), which is the first monograph that presents this developing field of language evolution research to the Polish reader.
3

PROTOLINGUISTIC FOSSILS IN APHASIC SPEECH PRODUCTION

100%
Ladányi E.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2012
|
vol. 67
|
issue 2
357-367
EN
There is a generally accepted view in evolutionary linguistics that our modern language was preceded by a protolanguage. Its characteristics can be inferred from contemporary use of language. This method is based on the assumption that preceding states of language has fossils in modern language, especially in its disrupted (pidgin speakers, feral children, aphasics) or undeveloped (early child language, human language learnt by apes) forms. In my review I present aphasic symptoms which can be handled as fossils of earlier linguistic stages. Before that I introduce the two main theories about protolanguage: the synthetic and the holistic views. Then I will explore the question what aphasic phenomena these theories regard as protolinguistic fossils. I will emphasize the neurological aspects of the problem.
4

Geneza i ewolucja humoru

100%
Libura A.
Język a Kultura
|
2017
|
vol. 27
103 - 117
EN
The paper discusses various hypotheses that humor is an evolutionary adaptation. First, those research fields that may shed light on the origin and evolution of humor are presented. Second, the problem of dating the origin of humor and laughter is briefly addressed. Third, three groups of evolutionary explanations are considered, each of which is associated with one of the main theories of humor: psychoanalytical, cognitive-perceptual and social-behavioral theories. The data provide quite convincing evidence of cognitive and social benefits that may have facilitated the evolutionary development of humor. These data are consistent with core theses of the cognitive-perceptual theories of humor on the one hand and with some less prominent versions of the social-behavioral theories on the other hand.
5
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Ewolucja człowieka jako seria dodatnich sprzężeń zwrotnych

94%
Kozłowski J.
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
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2018
|
issue 65
PL
Perhaps in last few centuries not any big theory has resulted in so much opposition as Darwinian theory of evolution. Within this theory, claim that Homo sapiens evolved from animal ancestors, namely apes, is undoubtedly the most controversial issue. Long tradition of teaching by Church that a pair of first people was created in short time in Eden Garden is in contradiction to discoveries of biology, including paleontology. If God exists, which is not the research subject of science, he created human beings by a long process of biological Darwinian evolution followed by shorter process of non-Darwinian cultural evolution. Biologist must treat Homo sapiens as just one more species with long phylogeny, albeit special species characterized by brains of enormous size, with well-developed neocortex and very special mental traits being the consequence of such brain. The paper considers selection forces toward increase of this extremely expensive organ, draining at least 20% of energy. The main idea is that a series of positive feedbacks were responsible for the development of brain, correlated increase of intelligence and development of culture. Although no great breakthrough is required for such mode of evolution, energetic constrain limiting brain size was present through large part of our evolution, which was first broken by using primitive tools for cutting meat and grinding down seeds, then by thermal processing of food. The new constrain on skull size, and correlated brain size, that is the danger of death of both mother and child during childbirth, has been partly relieved by shifting large part of brain development to postnatal period. Resulting very long childhood was a prerequisite to cultural development of our species.
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