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1

Srebrny Jubileusz

100%

Konopka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1987

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issue 4

239-242

EN

Twenty-five years have already passed this year since the opening of the Historical Monuments Documentation Centre (the H.M.D.C.), which was separated in 1962 from the Central Board for Museums and Monuments Protection, attached to the Ministry of Culture and Arts. The author of a work programme and the first director of the Centre was the late Professor Kazimierz Malinowski. The basic task of the Centre is to complete and render accessible monuments' documentation, to systematize and classify it as well as to cooperate with various organizations and co-workers in this field. These tasks о fthe Centre have been pursued for a quarter of the century, though a scope of its activities has already gone beyond the aims assumed. First of all, the number of record cards of different kinds of monuments have been increasing all the time; then, a new type of a record card has been prepared to cover monuments of architecture and building with an expanded substantial description and illustrational part. The recording has also comprised monuments of rural buildings, structures erected after the second half of the 19th century, monuments of engineering, cemeteries. The Centre has included into its activities the inventorying of archaeological sites within a framework of the programme referred to as the Archaeological Picture of Poland. Department of Monuments of Architecture and Building has now more than 30,000 cards, while Movable Cultural Property Department — 200,000 cards. In 1985 the latter collection of cards of movable cultural property was recorded on computer discs. At present, computerization is to cover other collections as well. The H.M.D.C. records also historic towns and it carries out town-planning studies and has rich iconographie documentation. From 1976 the Centre has been coordinating — together with the Polish Academy of Sciences — research work within an interbranch programme known as „Monuments of culture — the source of national consciousness” . Card indexes of goldsmith’s work and music instruments are set and research work is done on the history of engineering. Architectonic and archeological studies are carried out on fine examples of Romanesque architecture (e.g. in Strzelno). Apart from the books Publishing Department of the H.M.C.D. publishes three magazines („Ochrona Zabytkow” , „Spotkania z Zabytkami" and „Muzealnictwo” ). Archives Department collects priceless collections left behind by deceased conservators and research workers and carries out, i.a., the inventorying of architectonic drawings. Museology Department covers bibliography of the content of museum publications. Photo library of the Centre has nearly 30,000 photographic negatives of architectural monuments and the Library has almost 20,000 books and 630 titles of magazines. Because of such an intensive development the Centre suffers from the shortage of space, the more so that plans for future envisage a further expansion, just to mention the opening of a computer section for all collections. The Centre plays an essential role in the organization of the work of conservation services and cooperates on a regular base with district offices for monuments documentation. The most important feature of the Centre is an excellent atmosphere with regard to human relations, the understanding of the aim of work and its priority statute in face of difficulties caused by rather hard conditions.

2

Spotkanie przedstawicieli Biur Dokumentacji Zabytków

100%

Kalicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1978

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issue 3

199

3

Stan prac nad "Katalogiem zabytków sztuki w Polsce"

100%

Pokora J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1988

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issue 4

228-229

EN

Introductory principles of a series entitled "The Catalogue of Art Monuments in Poland” were set out in 1945. At the beginning it was meant as a publication prepared pa ra I lei ly with a detailed topographic register. Still, contrary to the register, its aim was the possibly soonest rendering of the possessed cultural property, rescued from the war havoc. In compliance with these principles the catalogue was to be simply a profesionally elaborated register of preserved monuments (except for museum objects). Therefore, the adopted mode of recording was very concise. The information contained in it was based on the basic literature on the subject (without archival sources). The illustrative part concerned only major works. Such a catalogue did not have its equivalent in Europe, although it derived from a classical "Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmaler" by Georg Dehio. When it became necessary to give up the edition of the register, the catalogue became a basic source of scientific information on the Polish artistic and cultural heritage. The minimalisation of the adopted assumptions became then particularly obvious and it was necessary to depart from it in favour of completeness and greater accuracy in preparing the material. The process was being accomplished gradually in the sixties and assumed finally a present form of the catalogue which is something intermediate between a detailed topographic register and a concise catalogue similar to Dehio’s "H a n d b u ch .............” . A factual and formal arrangement as well as a printing get-up of the catalogue have remained unchanged. However, the scope of the work has been markedly extended. A top limit, originally set at ca 1850, has been shifted to include the 20th century. Descriptions of monuments have also been expanded. Historic information has been based on the comprehensive literature on the subject and on archival documents. Introductory notes and indexes have been introduced and the number of illustrations has got increased. The work on each subsequent edition of the catalogue is a team and multi-stage work. It is carried out in the Department for Monuments’ Cataloguing of the Institute of Fine Arts attached to the Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw and in three field workshops in Cracow, Gdansk and Poznań. 176 issues of the catalogue have been published since 1951. They covered nearly ca 60 per cent of the territory of Poland. After the restructuring of the administrative division of the country (1975) the edition of the New Series of the catalogue has been taken up. It corresponded to newly created districts. At the same time it was decided to complete the Old Series according to the earlier administrative division. In 1965 catalogues which presented monuments found in big towns (Cracow and then Poznań) began to appear. At present preliminary work is being carried out on Toruń, while work on Częstochowa, Warsaw and Gdańsk is already much more advanced. At the same time the work has been undertaken to verify the old minimalistic model (former Cracow voivodship). The pace of work on the catalogue depends mainly on a technical and financial base (it is necessary to travel frequently into the country) and on staff possibilities. The shortage of manpower has an inhibitory effect upon this pace. If it is not sped up then, as can be supposed, the series entitled "The Catalogue of Art Monuments in Poland” will not be completed earier than in 20 years’ time.

4

Centralna ewidencja i rejestr zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Polsce w świetle zasobu Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków

100%

Wendlandt J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 4

441-444

EN

The author o f the article dealing with central files and register o f monuments o f architecture and construction in Poland, published in “Ochrona Zabytkow” no. 3 /1 9 9 8 maintains that a characteristic feature o f the register is its “fluidity”. A confirmation o f this finding is the tabular list of monuments included into the register o f historical monuments, brought up to date after a period o f six months.

5

V Międzynarodowa Narada Grupy Roboczej Krajów Socjalistycznych ds. Konserwacji Zabytków Historii, Kultury i Muzealiów w Hawanie

88%

Nowiński K.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1984

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issue 2

136-137

6

„LISTING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES, PROTECTING THE HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE” Konferencja, Târgovişte, 6-8 marca 2008 r.

88%

Grabowski M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2007

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issue 3

10-11

EN

The conference on “Listing archaeological sites, protecting the historical landscape”, which dealt with the registration of historical monuments and data digitalisation methods, took place in Târgovişte (Romania) on 6-8 March 2008. The meeting was organised by Europae Archaeologiae Consilium (EAC), a gathering of representatives of the conservation services, institutions specialising in archaeological heritage as well as archaeological organisations from 25 European countries. Poland has been a member of EAC since 1999, i.e. its establishment. The first part of the conference, reserved for members, discussed organisational matters and the budget. The participants of further parts of the meeting presented their experiences associated with the functioning and implementation of the Geographic Information System and the possibilities of its application in archaeological inventories. The Polish side was represented by Dr. Andrzej Prinke from the Archaeological Museum in Poznan, and Bartosz Wiśniewski and Michał Grabowski from the National Heritage Board of Poland. The conference agenda also included a tour of the historical monuments of Transylvania.

7

Aby z dawnego bytu wartości utrwalić i upowszechnić…

88%

Konopka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2012

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issue 1-2

9-34

EN

The Centre for Documentation of Monuments (CDM) was created at the end of 1961 and at the beginning of 1962. Currently it functions under the name “National Heritage Board of Poland”. The axis around which the system of protection of historical monuments in the People’s Republic of Poland was built was the register of monuments set up after the regaining of independence in 1918 and continued in the Law on the protection of cultural property and on museums that was passed in 1962. The establishment of CDM is strictly connected with political changes (the “thaw”) that happened after October 1956. The restoration, conservation and organisation of museums was entrusted after the war to the central institution named the General Directorate for Museums and Protection of Monuments, which was headed by Stanisław Lorentz and Prof. Jan Zachwatowicz (General Conservator of Monuments). At the end of the 1950s, museums and protection of monuments were managed centrally by the Ministry of Culture of Art and its subordinated entity – the Administration of Museums and Monument Protection (AMMP) (the counterpart of a department), the head of which was doc. dr Kazimierz Malinowski, an art historian. In years 1958-1960, works were undertaken in AMMP to create a list of monuments of architecture and art on the “green card” form. In 1962, after a new law was passed, the state took over responsibility for the condition of monuments, and the monument was defined as a cultural property entered into the register. The prepared list resulted in the classification of collected materials and the division of monuments into five groups, where the highest classes were subject to protection and the lowest classes were left without care on the state level. K. Malinowski was the originator of the idea to establish a new institution – the Centre for Documentation of Monuments, whose main collection consisted of documentary materials gathered in the Ministry of Culture and, primarily, cards of the list of monuments, which encompassed 35,000 items. Thus, at the beginning CDM became an “external” department of AMMP. The regulations specified the existence of five departments: non-movable monuments, movable monuments, museum exhibits, archives and the library and issuing of AMMP’s publications. This activity began with the Ochrona zabytków quarterly. The department of non-movable monuments dealt with objects of architecture and historic buildings. The idea to prepare a register of movable monuments required the scope of such a project to be determined. The museology department prepared the Muzealnictwo annual. Within 10 years of its existence, CDM gained the status of a central institution collecting documentation concerning the protection of monuments and museology and became an unofficial publishing house. Issued in one volume in 1964, the list of monuments of architecture was published in 17 journals in division into voivodeships existing at that time. In the 1970s, monument protection was becoming an instrument of „historical policy” again. The title of the General Conservator of Monuments was restored. The criteria of “selection of monuments” applied in the list, which completely ignored objects from the 2nd half of the 19th century and the 20th century, traditional wooden buildings – characteristic elements of the cultural landscape of Poland, monuments of industry and technology, historic cemeteries and archaeological sites were questioned during the discussion published in Ochrona zabytków. In 1975 the function of Director of CDM was taken over by Prof. Wojciech Kalinowski, an architect and a town planner, who prepared a new conception of the institution and undertaken the idea of preparation of a full list and record of monuments. From 1975 new models of records and instructions for their implementation began to be developed, resulting in the preparation of the “white card” of monuments of architecture, the address list and the three-level system supplemented with a historical study. The preparation of the register of historic parks, gardens and cemeteries was started, too. The last link of the system became the register of archaeological sites (KESA card). New forms and instructions were published in 1981. Glossaries necessary for the proper description of monuments were being prepared for all specialistic fields. It was also at that time that Spotkania z zabytkami – the first and only magazine about popular science in the Eastern Bloc countries – began to be released. The emphasising of the importance of the monument in the context of cultural landscape became more intense in the 1980s. These discussions made it possible to prepare amendments to the 1962 Law. At the time of political transformations in 1989, the State Monument Protection Service managed by the General Conservator of Monuments was established. On the voivodeship level, SMPSs were formed by offices of voivodeship conservators of monuments. One of the authorities exercising the protection of cultural property was the Director of CDM, who performed the following tasks: support of SMPSs, keeping of the central record of monuments and co-ordination of SMPS units in this respect, development of the rules of documentation of monuments, preparation of the substantive basis for the conservator’s policy of protection of the cultural environment. In the amendment to the law, the care of monuments was entrusted to their users. In 1990 CDM gained a new statute and new role: it was transformed from the institution keeping the register of monuments into the institution supporting the office of the General Conservator of Monuments on the one hand and voivodeship conservators of monuments in historical regions of the country on the other hand. This purpose was to be served by regional centres – divisions of CDM forming interdisciplinary teams of specialists. At the beginning of the 1990s, the Centre and its divisions were computerised. As a result of changes introduced in 1990, the Centre became a content base of state administration in the field of heritage protection (at the time of its establishment, i.e. in 1962, CDM employed 6 persons, and by 1991 this number rose to 160, including 100 persons in 12 regional divisions). However, the new law on the protection and care of monuments adopted in 2003 changed the cultural heritage protection system once again. In 2002, CDM was merged with the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape, which had dealt with the subject area of cultural landscape until then, and its name was changed to the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments. In 2011, the National Heritage Board of Poland was established.

8

Multimedia i wirtualna rzeczywistość w systemie multimedialnej prezentacji zabytków

75%

Choroś K., Krzywicki Ł.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 4

370-377

EN

Traditional registry files on historical m on um en ts store data ab ou t architectonic con stru ction s in the form o f a tex t or te x ts en h an c ed with drawings and p h o to g rap h s. Even the best p h o to g rap h s present the m onum en ts on ly to a fragmentary e x ten t and are unable to d epict them in differen t light, from a differen t perspe ctiv e, etc. n or to illustrate numerou s a r ch ite ctonic details. Com p uter multim ed ia l in fo r m a tion systems use virtual reality and enable architects, con stru c tion engineers, artists, interior d eco ra to rs, stu cco d e co ra to rs, and o the rs interested in architecture to analyse the c o lle c ted data and to pursue unhampered ob serv a tion s o f th e h istorical m on um en ts in virtual reality. T h e system o f a multim edial p resentation o f historical m o n um en ts, discu ssed in the paper, w as created u p on the basis o f the Virtual Reality M o d e llin g Language, w h ich p ermits an arbitrary m anipulation o f historical m on um en ts in th r e e -d im en s io n a l space. T h e main advantage o f this system is a high lev el o f interaction.

9

Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa czyli Ośrodek Dokumentacji Zabytków 50 lat później

63%

Florjanowicz P.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2012

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issue 1-2

49-56

EN

Formally speaking, the National Heritage Board of Poland (NHBP) is simply the National Centre for Research and Documentation of Monuments (NCRDM) with the altered name and the revised statutes adapted to current challenges faced by the monument protection system. Thus, NHBP is not only a continuation of NCRDM, but still the same institution. This means it is also the legal successor of institutions that were incorporated into it during the last 10 years: the Centre for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage (2007), the Centre for the Protection of Historic Landscape (2002) and, primarily, the Centre for Documentation of Monuments (2002). The Centre for Documentation of Monuments was established on 1 January 1962 in order to improve the stock-taking of monuments for the rational planning of their reconstruction and maintenance. The establishment of CDM anticipated the provisions of the 1970 UNESCO Convention, which recommended, among others, the creation of services and agencies collecting the records and documentation of national heritage and their regular updating by member states. The primary foundation of CDM’s activity was the stock-taking and documentation of historic objects. The mission of the National Heritage Board of Poland is to create a basis for the sustainable protection of heritage. The activity of NHBP focuses on three main areas. These are: the collection and dissemination of knowledge about heritage, the determination and dissemination of standards of protection and maintenance of monuments, the formation of social awareness regarding the values and maintenance of Polish cultural heritage for future generations. The similarity of goals and tasks of the National Heritage Board of Poland and the Centre for Documentation of Monuments is striking and unaccidental. As in the peak period of CDM’s activity, the most important priority is the need to record and document the resource of monuments. Another area that is still an important priority is the dissemination of the best standards of protection and maintenance of particular categories of monuments. Finally, there is an area of education regarding heritage, which is understood as training and popularisation activities carried out in many fields and adapted to the needs of various professional and social groups, the aim of which is to convince the public opinion that heritage is not only something that must be protected, but something that is worth protecting. The foundation of all activities of NHBP is the conviction of the need to collect full and reliable information about the resource of cultural heritage of Poland in one place, in the form adapted to the needs of all groups of recipients, with the use of tools adequate to the 21st-century requirements. NHBP is still not a scientific or research institution, nor does it take over the competencies of conservation services. It constitutes a base for all environments and professional groups dealing with the protection of monuments in Poland and builds a social base for the idea of protection of our heritage for future generations – if we combine NHBP’s activities with CDM’s activities, this process has been carried out for 50 years.

10

Ewidencja zabytków - metody i zakres prac Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków w Warszawie

63%

Konopka M.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1988

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issue 4

216-224

EN

An essential element of the system of monuments’ protection is knowledge on their resources and condition. This information can be found in records of monuments. Within 25 years of its existence the Monuments' Documentation Centre has produced and developed model systems for monuments’ registering. Record cards of individual kinds of monuments are interlinked; they are of the same size and have the same columns. Moreover, they are adapted for the use in a computerized information system. . In its recording activities the Monument’ Documentation Centre follows the principle according to which recording of monuments must be regularly verified and updated. This, i.a., flows from the fact that criteria of the evaluation of monuments’ values get changed. Taking the above principle into consideration it may be said that the completeness of recording of different kinds of monuments varies. One of most comprehensive, although regularly updated, is the register of historic towns kept by Town Developing Department. It has been based on a preliminary recording of 1,264 localities carried out still in 1962-1963. The material from that period includes basic historic and demographic information as well as statistical registers of historic objects, characteristics of spatial a rrangements and illustrative material. These data were verified and updated in the seventies and eighties. The verification is continued. Town Developing Department collects also aerial photographs (black and white and colour ones) of towns, buildings and architectural complexes. This collection has become very useful in the work done by the team of experts of the Interbranch Commission for the Rehabilitation of Towns and Old- -Town Complexes. Another register carried out by the Monuments' Documentation Centre comprises structures and complexes of architecture and building. In a way it is made up of two parts: the so-called green cards produced during the recording done at the end of the fifties and the so-called white cards. Green cards cover ca 46,000 buildings. White ones, introduced in 1975, are more comprehensive when compared to green ones with regard to the descriptive information and photographic material. White cards (drawn by 1987) cover ca 30,000 objects. Along with the introduction of white cards work was initiated on a new register of monuments of architecture and building on index cards. This register provided abbreviated data on objects but it covered quite a big number of structures. Until 1987 nearly 260,000 index cards were prepared. The data written on them provided the basis for publications containing registers of monuments of architecture and building in individual voivodships. It also enables a statistical analysis of historic resources. In the last decade the Monuments’ Documentation Centre got engaged in the recording of archaeological properties. The programme for a complete register of archaeological sites available during surface studies (The Archaeological Picture of Poland) covers record cards, instructions, division into research sites, trainings, mode of financing and supervision of the studies made. It was developed in the Monuments’ Documentation Centre, which is its coordinator. By 1987 nearly half of Poland was examined and ca 136,000 archaeological sites were recorded. The register of movable property is a separate item. Department for Movable Monuments prepares ca 10,000 cards a year. It runs a central index of works of art and artistic crafts. Special attention is paid to those historic objects which are the subject of interest to a small number of specialists only and because of that the possibility to documentate them is rather small. This applies to goldsmithery, music instruments, textiles, vehicles et.c. The recording of movable property is combined with the making of dictionaries of specialized terminology, which are both a tool in recording work and an indispensable instrument for future computerization. An important place in recording activities of the Monuments' Documentation Centre is occupied by the compiling of information on museums. Museology Department compiles and updates an index of all museums in Poland. It also draws documentation on museum exhibits, microfilming of inventory books and scientific cards. The publishing of attainments of the Centre is the task of Publishing Department. It publishes 3 periodicals („Spotkania z Zabytkami” ,, „Ochrona Zabytkow", „Muzealnictwo” ), 3 series of „Biblioteka Muzealnictwa” and „Ochrona Zabytkow" as well as other publications (e.g. district registers of monuments). In implementing its tasks the Monuments' Documentation Centre cooperates with a number of organizations and scientific institutions such as the Polish Academy of Sciences, the Nicolas Copernicus University in Toruń, the Institute of Architecture and Engineering of the Technological University in Wrocław and others. This cooperation is very important for the work of the Centre. Summing up this brief outline of recording activities of the Centre it may be said that over 25 years of its existence it has been compiling records on historic structures, providing thus conservation service as well as people and institutions interested in the protection of monuments with information on the state and resources of cultural property in Poland.

11

Centralna ewidencja i rejestr zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Polsce w świetle zasobu Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków

63%

Wendlandt J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 3

191-202

EN

A central record and register of historical monuments in Poland is conducted by the Centre for the Documentation of Historical Monuments in Warsaw upon the basis of a decree issued by the Minister of Culture and Art on 30 December 1987. This article examines only monuments of architecture, construction and town planning (and does not consider archaeological objects and so-called mobile monuments). Record documentation is composed of two ensembles containing (according to the state on 31 December 1997): — 615 017 address register cards (“fiches”) — 118 821 record cards (two types: old “green” and new — from 1977 — “white”). — The Centre also stores 40 110 copies of decisions about the inclusion into the register of historical monuments, which provide protection for 55 655 individual objects.

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11 Ochrona Zabytków

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1 Krzywicki Ł.

1 Nowiński K.

1 Pokora J.

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Srebrny Jubileusz

Spotkanie przedstawicieli Biur Dokumentacji Zabytków

Stan prac nad "Katalogiem zabytków sztuki w Polsce"

Centralna ewidencja i rejestr zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Polsce w świetle zasobu Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków

V Międzynarodowa Narada Grupy Roboczej Krajów Socjalistycznych ds. Konserwacji Zabytków Historii, Kultury i Muzealiów w Hawanie

„LISTING ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES, PROTECTING THE HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE” Konferencja, Târgovişte, 6-8 marca 2008 r.

Aby z dawnego bytu wartości utrwalić i upowszechnić…

Multimedia i wirtualna rzeczywistość w systemie multimedialnej prezentacji zabytków

Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa czyli Ośrodek Dokumentacji Zabytków 50 lat później

Ewidencja zabytków - metody i zakres prac Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków w Warszawie

Centralna ewidencja i rejestr zabytków architektury i budownictwa w Polsce w świetle zasobu Ośrodka Dokumentacji Zabytków