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EN
This article provides a thorough analysis of John Dewey and his theory experimentalism. John Dewey was a leader in education and philosophy of his time. Still today his ideologies have a place in educational curriculums across the globe. John Dewey believed that students learn from human experiences. Furthermore, Dewey believed that student experiences shape the future decisions that a learner engages in. Although Dewey’s work faced scrutiny, Dewey’s thoughts are still relevant in education reform today. This article resurfaces the need for whole child research considerations and inclusive learner experiences like Dewey’s work many years ago when making educational decision and building curriculum that meet the needs of individuals to promote a positive global change.
EN
Since December 2020, the Pact of Free Cities, founded by the mayors of the Visegrád capitals, has expressed the dire wish not to be held hostage for their national governments’ disrespect for the rule of law. Being cut off from financial support out of political intentions, they lobby for direct EU support. The article explores the dynamics of this initiative, its strategies to reach out to European institutions and their resonance, as well as the meaning of the Pact’s city diplomacy from a democratic perspective. The analysis of various documents published by the Pact of Free Cities shows how it combines its efforts to promote democracy, the rule of law and sustainable policies by engaging on the EU level. The Pact developed a distinct type of urban experimentalism that established a new link between the European and the city level.
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"Hypotheses fingimus": Cartesian natural philosophy

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EN
In this paper, I would like to present the methodological views of two representatives of the early modern Cartesian school: Jacques Rohault and Pierre-Sylvain Régis. Firstly, I want to present the methodological objections of Cartesians to Aristotelian and Scholastic natural philosophy. Then, I want to show how Cartesians strived for a combination of empirical and speculative procedures in their explanations of natural processes. Lastly, I would like to explain the reasons and forms of the hypothetical methodology which was significant for Cartesian natural philosophy. My aim is to refute the idea of the methodological naivety of Cartesians and point out the importance of hypothetical reasoning in the genesis of modern science.
CS
V tomto článku chci představit metodologické názory dvou představitelů novověké karteziánské školy: Jacquese Rohaulta a Pierre-Sylvaina Régise. Předně chci představit metodologické námitky karteziánů proti aristotelské a scholastické filosofii. Dále chci ukázat, jak karteziáni usilovali o kombinaci empirických a spekulativních postupů v jejich vysvětleních přírodních procesů. A nakonec chci vysvětlit důvody a formy hypotetické metodologie, která byla příznačná pro karteziánskou přírodní filosofii. Mým cílem je vyvrátit myšlenku metodologické naivity karteziánů a zdůraznit úlohu hypotetického uvažování při utváření moderní vědy.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
113-129
PL
Jednym z filozoficznym problemów, który wyrósł na gruncie arystotelesowskiej filozofii przyrody, jest debata „natura a kunszt”. Filozoficzna dyskusja nad kryteriami odróżnienia wytworów naturalnych od artefaktów kunsztu ludzkiego i proponowane w ramach niej rozstrzygnięcia wpłynęły na ukształtowanie się stanowiska eksperymentalizmu. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie, w jaki sposób argumenty podnoszone w filozoficznej debacie „naturalne a sztuczne” wpłynęły na kształt filozofii eksperymentu i naturalizmu Roberta Boyle’a, a w konsekwencji na postać filozoficznych założeń współczesnego eksperymentalizmu.
EN
One of the philosophical problems that developed on the basis of Aristotle’s philosophy of nature is the debate on “nature and art.” The formation of the experimental viewpoint which influenced the philosophical discussion and its criteria for distinguishing products of nature and products of art are also proposed as part of this debate. The purpose of this article is to elaborate on how the arguments surrounding “nature and art” influenced the experimental design of Robert Boyle’s philosophy of naturalism and the philosophical assumptions of modern experimentalism.
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