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EN
Use of fairy tales as a therapeutic tool dates back to ancient times because Greeks already used fairy tales as a tool to impact human emotions, attitudes and behavior. By fairy tales, children make a parallel between themselves and the protagonists and through the protagonists’ experiences they develop their own cognitive, emotional or social competencies necessary to deal with specifi c situations in their own lives. Interestingly – as stressed by B. Bettelheim – children select from fairy tales things they are ready for, what they can handle at a given moment, at the level they need. Fairy tales are therefore an important tool for children to learn about the world and I would even say that they are “tools for social and cultural decoding” which help children to get to know and understand the adult world. On the other hand, they are tools that enables adults to discover what is happening in the children’s minds of. Thus, a question arises, what kinds of therapeutic fairy tales exist. How to prepare a fairy tale? How can they be used in everyday educational work? This article presents a method of preparing a therapeutic fairy tale and examples of using fairy tales in educational work with children.
EN
The article reveals different aspects of telling therapeutic fairy tales that are aimed at psychological and educational assistance to the individual. Therapeutic fairy tales help to correct child’s behavior, some psychological deviations, reveal creativity, and instill moral values. In addition, therapeutic fairy tales heal the soul and touch the most important human senses, such as friendship, love, family relationships, social values, personal growth. If you are carefully listening to a fairy tale, it is certainly possible to find an important source of wisdom. You can come across the following kinds of fairy tales: fictional; didactic; psych correctional; psych therapeutic; and meditative. Fictional fairy tales are literary works (tales, legends, stories, etc.). Didactic fairy tales are the tales that are motivational and are aimed to motivate people to study a particular material. Psych correctional fairy tales are tales that are invented by psychologists, doctors and parents to solve some psychological problems of children. Psych therapeutic fairy tales are tales that help people change themselves, their world view. The main objective of meditative fairy tales is the removal of a certain psychological pressure, stress etc. Fairy tales help children find the reviews of their own lives. And as a result children want to use an example of the positive hero in the struggle with their fears and problems. In addition, fairy tales give hope to a child that, no doubt, is a very important point. It is a mistake to think that fairy tales are focused only on children, because in the soul of every adult there is a little child who adores not only to listen to a variety of fabulous stories, but also to invent them. Adults gladly create fantastic characters who overcome various obstacles, difficulties, fears and so on. Parents often tell their own fictional stories to children. It was found out that the uniqueness of telling therapeutic fairy tales as a method of practical psychology and pedagogy, firstly, has no age restrictions and, secondly, it can be applied to both people who develop “normally” and people who have special needs.
Mäetagused
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2017
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vol. 67
181-218
EN
One tenth of the fairy tales in the Estonian Folklore Archives have been collected in Virumaa. The article gives an overview of the fairy tale types most widely spread in Virumaa: wondertales ATU 300, 301, 313, 327A, 403C, 409, 480, 650B, and animal tales ATU 117, 169*, 243. Some tales of magic less known elsewhere in Estonia (ATU 312D, 326, 650B) are inherent in Virumaa. The article dwells upon fairy tales including anthroponyms, which are rather exceptional among fairy tales, and also fairy tales that are related to concrete places in Virumaa. In spite of some eastern features especially prominent in four parishes of Ida(East)-Viru County, Virumaa fairy tale tradition generally belongs to northern Estonian fairy tale repository. By their strategies of name-using in fairy tales, Virumaa narrators have been similar to the ones elsewhere in Estonia. Although Virumaa fairy tales seem to include more place names than in Estonia on average, the most peculiar developments in this sphere often result, above all, from the style of concrete collectors.
EN
The article presents a research of the usage of colours in Estonian fairy tales and the associations that are created by means of colours. The topic of colour usage also includes the aspect of corporeality that generates a critical discussion on the presentation of a woman in fairy tales. The symbolical meanings of different colours in fairy tales largely overlap with their meanings in folk belief and runo songs. The colours that are particularly meaningful are black, white, and red. Also, such colours as grey and gold occupy special places in fairy tales. In addition to physical description, colours are used to present characters’ or objects’ inner values, also expressing the way they differ from the ordinary, or hinting at the magical qualities they may possess. Black and white form a pair of opposites, symbolising good and evil, beauty and ugliness, life and death. Those meanings remain with them also in case one is being used without the other. The colour red represents health, fertility, and beauty; that is why it is frequently used in the descriptions of women. At the same time, the colour red can be used as an opposite to white, having in this case a negative meaning. Gold and other metals show the object’s magical characteristics, but at the same time also its value. Possessing a golden object can also hint at the owner’s high moral values. The colour grey represents wisdom but it can also be seen as a colour that disguises magical as ordinary.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to present some motifs in Bolesław Leśmian’s Klechdy polskie. I am primarily interested in the fairytales’ poetics of economy related to the motifs of money and treasure. I also analyse the erotic desire which exceeds the traditional social order and the relationship between the word and object. All these motifs create Leśmian’s vision of reality, which cannot be included in the established cognitive and ethical rules.
EN
The article discusses The Flax, a fantasy tale by Hans Christian Andersen. In my reading, I focus on details of the tale’s text. I point out various contexts that expand and diversify the reading of the tale, such as: cultural, religious, biblical, artistic, literary and cinematic ones.
EN
The article aims at analysing the motif of dream and its function in fairy tales and stories by Hans Christian Andersen. The Dannish author wrote during the Romantic era when the unconscious was of great interest to the creators of all kind. It was widely acknowledged then that dreams are a gateway to a hidden reality, and therefore, they constituted a great creative material. In Andersen’s work, the oneiric narrative abounds, for instance in Little Ida’s Flowers and The Little Match Girl, and dreams perform multitudinoulsy functions, from familiarizing children with death, to unveiling fears. The examples of dreams presented in the article indicate to the fact that Andersen’s oeuvre was addressed not only to children, but also adults.
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EN
Polish literature has been present in China since 1906. The first Polish literary text translated into Chinese was Latarnik (The Lighthouse Keeper) by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Contemporary fans of Polish novella and novel were reading indirect translations since the Chinese novelists, who did not speak Polish, usually based their translations on the Japanese versions. In my years of contact with Chinese culture and literature, I have never come across any mention of translations of Polish or Eastern European children’s literature. Once I started my research into this subject, I quickly learned what caused the lack of information on it. It turned out that it was quite difficult to find any credible information on what has been translated, in what volume it was published and what the reactions of young readers were.As a result, this article is merely an introduction to the research on Polish children’s literature in People’s Republic of China and focuses almost exclusively on latest publications, i.e. released in the twenty-first century. To a significant extent, it is based on data collected from people actively participating in promoting Polish culture in China via email. I received a lot of valuable data from Wojciech Widłak – one of the authors whose children’s books were published in China. The article is practically a short catalogue of books published on the Chinese market, but it also presents the few reviews I have managed to find in Chinese sources. There is also a presentation of the translators and it is worth noting that Polish children’s literature has been taken care of by the best among those studying Polish literature in China. I hope that this article will be the first of many on the position, popularity and reception of Polish children’s literature in China.
EN
The article The new world of the old fairy-tale. “Ensel und Krete” of Walter Moers focuses on the novel Ensel und Krete of Walter Moers, which comes into various intertextual interactions not only with the Grimms’ fairy tale but also with fairy tale as a genre. The usage of traditional fairy-tale sche­mes allows Walter Moers to create an original version or a variation on the theme of Hansel and Gretel and to create a fantastic world. In this world the known, traditional, fairy precepts are challenged. In addition, the story of Ensel and Krete turns out to be an excuse to reflect on the genre, literature, and, moreover, literary culture in a broad sense. The article focuses on selected issues connected with the presence of a fairy tale in a fantastic text and is an attempt to explain the interplay of these two orders.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 2
227-235
EN
This paper proposes an innovative approach to the analysis of fiction texts through the combined means of three points of view, viz. FSP, discourse subjects (DSs) and their cohesive chains, and cohesive ties. It explores the theme of metamorphosis of the characters as it appears in all the three examined aspects, and the influence the metamorphosis exerts on them. Three main problems are discussed in the paper. Firstly, it deals with unexpected tokens in the identity chains of the DSs undergoing the metamorphosis and the cohesive ties through which they are incorporated in these cohesive chains. Secondly, it addresses seeming abrupt switches between two thematic progressions which in fact form just one progression. Lastly, the paper discusses the function of the features detected in the texts in relation to the complexity of the idea of metamorphosis.
EN
The paper looks at Shakespeare’s historical play Richard III and its fairy tale-like character given by the configuration of the main character as an arch-villain and the presence of motifs and patterns typically associated with the fairy tale genre. More specifically, it considers the mother-son relationship between the Duchess of York and Richard in the light of the motif of monstrous birth. It is not a coincidence that the emergence of such motifs coincides with the historical contexts of the early modern period. Reading Richard III in this key is related to the revisionist approach to chronicle plays.
EN
This article proposes a reflection on a tale that can be a bridge between “literature for children and teens” and “literature for adults”: The Bears’ Famous Invasion of Sicily by Dino Buzzati. It offers a link between fable and fantasy novel and contains all of the elements of the fairy tale that Vladimir Propp planned in 1928: loss, departure, challenges to overcome, reward, and return. It is closely connected to its historical reality (the period after the Second World War), but at the same time it detaches itself from that period through the fantastic element. In short, the book is a mirror of Buzzati’s literary personality and the first literary work of a restless but sensitive author who always felt linked to painting and writing, to adults and children, to reality and evasion.
IT
Il presente contributo propone una riflessione su un racconto da sempre in grado di fare da ponte tra “letteratura per bambini e ragazzi” e “letteratura per adulti”: La famosa invasione degli orsi in Sicilia di Dino Buzzati è infatti un romanzo di confine, un anello di congiunzione tra fiaba e romanzo fantastico. Ha in sé tutti gli elementi della fiaba magistralmente gerarchizzati da Vladimir Propp nel 1928 (mancanza, partenza, prove, premio, ritorno), è strettamente connesso alla realtà storica del suo tempo (il secondo dopoguerra) e al tempo stesso se ne distacca con garbo tramite l’elemento fantastico. È, insomma, specchio della personalità letteraria di Dino Buzzati, la prima prova di un autore inquieto e insensibile, da sempre legato da un doppio filo a pittura e scrittura, adulti e bambini, contemporaneità ed evasione.
EN
The article discusses the psychoanalytical interpretation of Leśmian’s fairy tale The adventures of Sindbad Sailor by Bogusław Grodzki. Following Freud’s and Bettelheim’s concepts, it claims that Sindbad’s psychosexual development and his relations with the princesses reflect Leśmian’s phantasms – the poet’s erotic/sexual desires. In Grodzki’s work fiction seems to be an autobiographical tale and verbal psychotherapy. Misiak, on the other hand, presents the sex/gender categories and introduces the distinction between the autobiography and autofiction as well as certain poststructural and feminist categories.
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EN
An Event – between horror and fairy taleAn Event (Događaj, 1969) is one of the few Croatian horror movies. In comparison to other examples of the use of the horror genre in Croatian cinema, the film is distinguished by its aesthetic sophistication and skilful use of fairy-tale elements. The director Vatroslav Mimica evokes the mood of horror primarily through a suitably chosen space (the movie takes place mainly in the forest and two homes) as well as the right dosage and gradation of scenes of violence. The topic of An Event is the child’s initiation into adulthood. To highlight the most important stages and milestones of the initiation process, Mimica uses the plot and symbolic elements taken from the fairy-tale convention, such as the figures of false mother and magical helper as well as the motif of fear of abandonment and the motif of incorporation. Presentation of the topic of initiation by means of fairy-tale horror allows the director to describe suggestively the key problem in horror films that is the traumatogenic interaction between the natural and cultural factors that shape human life. Zdarzenie – między horrorem a baśniąZdarzenie to jeden z niewielu chorwackich horrorów. Na tle pozostałych przykładów użycia tej konwencji w kinie chorwackim wymieniony film wyróżnia się estetycznym wyrafi­nowaniem oraz umiejętnym wykorzystaniem pierwiastków baśniowych. Reżyser – Vatroslav Mimica – wywołuje nastrój grozy przede wszystkim za pomocą odpowiednio dobranej prze­strzeni (film rozgrywa się głównie w lesie i dwóch domach) oraz dozowania i stopniowania scen przemocy. Tematem Zdarzenia jest inicjacja dziecka w dorosłość. Aby uwydatnić najważniejsze etapy i punkty zwrotne procesu inicjacyjnego, Mimica wykorzystuje składniki fabularno­-symboliczne zaczerpnięte z konwencji baśni, takie jak postacie fałszywej matki i magicznego pomocnika oraz motywy lęku przed opuszczeniem i inkorporacji. Prezentacja tematu inicjacji za pomocą baśniowego horroru pozwala reżyserowi sugestywnie nakreślić kluczowy dla kina grozy problem traumatogennej interakcji między naturalnymi a kulturowymi czynnikami kształtującymi ludzkie życie.
EN
This short article came about as a result of the surprising observation that two writers who differ in their backgrounds, education, professional activities, and who are generally associated with works aimed at an adult readership, at some point directed several works to a children's audience. This episodic activity of an academic lecturer and prose writer creating himself as a poet of the outcast resulted in narrative works with characteristics of fairy tales. Three "professorial" fairy tales by U. Eco are described here as modern philosophical poems on the side effects of human civilization. Two animal fables by B. Hrabal (animals speak with a human voice in them) are a bitter reverie on the attitude of humans to animals, on the situation of farmed animals (meat, skins, etc.) and the questionable future of hunting. The article closes with a list of "animal" works by the Czech writer.
EN
Children’s books have always courted controversy, from nineteenth-century debates on the dangers of fairy tales to publications of the last fift y years that have off ered a challenge to the notion of what might be suitable literature for the young. Such a description will not surprise anyone familiar with the ideologically ambivalent or contradictory ideas about childhood that are articulated and negotiated in children’s fiction, and aware of the degree to which children’s writers in general have taken the conflicts and political realities of modern history as their manifest topics. This paper will address controversial subject matter and a source of interest of much contemporary children’s literature, the fictional coverage of familial and postcolonial conflicts, and will question traditional assumptions about children’s literature as an apolitical genre. It proposes that children’s texts are now in a position to envision new modes of response or resistance, challenging the uneven power relations of colonialism. More specifically, it will demonstrate how Farmer’s novels have questioned the dominant discourses that constitute cultural givens yet sometimes straddled the border between subversion and an uneasy complicity. The argument investigates what these texts have to say about colonial histories, relations of colonial power, and the projected futures of postcolonial societies. The African novels of Nancy Farmer, I will argue, raise postcolonial issues with a mix of compliance with and resistance to colonial ideologies.
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EN
The article’s aim is is to reviw two-volume monograph entitled Fairy tale in Contemporary Cultre  edited by Kornelia Ćwiklak (volume 1: Fairy tale’s limitless potential: literature – art – mass culture , volume 2: The human realm: education – psychoanalisys – art therapy ). Reviewed publication presents theoretical proposals and interpretations of cultural texts related to the fairy tales.
EN
From the 18th century on Arabian Nights  has been influencing European imaginary, especially culture and literature. It created European vision of the Orient as well. In the 20th century popular culture gave high recognisability to many elements of Arabian Nights (such as characters: Sindbad, Aladdin or magical artefacts: a flying carpet, magic lamp). Scheherazade as an allegory for narrative art became the most important figure for scholars studying the book. The paper shows how two contemporary book cycles make intertextual links to Arabian Nights . Orphan’s Tale  by Catherynne M. Valente, Harun and the Sea of stories  and Luka and the fire of Life by Salman Rushdie rewrite the elements of Arabian Nights , such as characters, artefacts and linguistic allusion to the Orient. However, the narration in the works by both writers is completely different: Valente recreated a sophisticated device of narration known from the book, whereas Rushdie gave his novels a simple, linear composition. Scheherazade’s gift to spin story out of a life is needed for different aims. For Rushdie telling fairy tales is useful in writing about life of literature itself, for Valente it is important for creating an alternative to the patriarchal vision of the world.
PL
From the 18th century on Arabian Nights  has been influencing European imaginary, especially culture and literature. It created European vision of the Orient as well. In the 20th century popular culture gave high recognisability to many elements of Arabian Nights (such as characters: Sindbad, Aladdin or magical artefacts: a flying carpet, magic lamp). Scheherazade as an allegory for narrative art became the most important figure for scholars studying the book. The paper shows how two contemporary book cycles make intertextual links to Arabian Nights . Orphan’s Tale  by Catherynne M. Valente, Harun and the Sea of stories  and Luka and the fire of Life by Salman Rushdie rewrite the elements of Arabian Nights , such as characters, artefacts and linguistic allusion to the Orient. However, the narration in the works by both writers is completely different: Valente recreated a sophisticated device of narration known from the book, whereas Rushdie gave his novels a simple, linear composition. Scheherazade’s gift to spin story out of a life is needed for different aims. For Rushdie telling fairy tales is useful in writing about life of literature itself, for Valente it is important for creating an alternative to the patriarchal vision of the world.
EN
The main focus of the present paper is the so-called ”intertextual revision”, explored as one of the most recent and innovative strategies employed while reviving the legacy of the Danish fairy-tale classic Hans Christian Andersen. In order to illustrate this practice, I discuss a short story entitled Travels with the Snow Queen (2001), by an American writer Kelly Link, which is a reworking of Andersen's world-famous fairy tale The Snow Queen (1844). Link's take on Andersen's tale represents one of the leading directions within revisionary fairy-tale fiction, inspired by feminism and gender criticism. The analysis is centered around the narrative strategies employed by the author in order to challenge the gender logic incorporated into Andersen's account, as well as the broader fairy-tale tradition it belongs to.
EN
This article is devoted to the characters in Heinz Holliger’s opera Snow White (1998) based on Robert Walser’s dramolette (1901) of the same title. Taking into account the chronology of the plot, the analysis and interpretation focuses on the evolution of the relationships of the characters struggling with the baggage of a difficult past written in the Grimms’ fairy tale. Snow White, the Queen, the Prince and the Huntsman juggle with each other’s versions of events, swapping positions at the expense of the characters’ individual contours, succumbing to the changeability of their feelings and opinions, not stopping in their search for a post-tale identity which would allow them to coexist harmoniously. The discussion emphasises the psychoanalytical approach and criticism of language characteristic of the period in which the dramolette was written. The interpretation of the libretto is complemented by the presentation of selected musical aspects, corresponding with the character of Walser’s text and determining the final meaning of the operatic work.
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