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1

W związku z tekstem R. Borocha

100%
Stanisławek J.
Edukacja Filozoficzna
|
2018
|
issue 65
185-194
EN
In Connection with the Article by R. Boroch
2

Manipulation and Communication – Manipulation as an Anti‑Communicative Act

100%
Wyrostkiewicz M.
Biuletyn Edukacji Medialnej
|
2014
|
issue 2
21-32
EN
Oftentimes, it is believed that the manipulation is one of the activities involved in communication. It is not simply one among many competencies, but a kind of art; it is something one should learn in order to make remarkable achievements that will bring real benefits. However, in the humanities, philosophy and theology, the way of looking at manipulation is somewhat different. We must remember that it still means “a skillful hand grip”, we have to be aware that here we mean another person hold something. In other words, “to manipulate someone” is “to have something in one’s hand”, to have power over something, to treat something as an object, and to use something for one’s own needs. More specifically, manipulation is defined as the intentional, biased and secretive operation in to dictate to some man or group of people a false picture of reality in order to achieve their personal benefits; it is using people to achieve their own goals (according to the used neighbor). It is shaping the opinions and attitudes and directing behavior and human emotions, not only without a person’s consent, but also without their knowledge (in this sense, manipulation very clearly differs from formation, education and persuasion, which will be discussed later). However, we cannot be under the illusion that caring for our needs is always an action against another person, and demanding the implementation of legitimate needs is manipulation. Every person has the right to pursue their own legitimate needs. Of course, the limit that cannot be exceed is respect for the interlocutor. These reflections do not leave any doubt as to the fact that manipulation is seen as an unnatural (non-ecological) reality, and thus harmful to the human person. It is an evil that destroys a manipulated person as well as the manipulator and negatively affects the social order, impeding its proper maintenance. While the manipulator does not actually lie, a liar’s mentality and that of a manipulator’s are similar. They merely use different tools to obtain their undeserved and selfish interests. Both the manipulator and the manipulated person are responsible for the evil that appears in the world as a result of manipulation. The manipulated committed a mistake by showing too little concern for the truth and not sufficiently using their reason, allowing the manipulator to directly lead them into error. Manipulation cannot be considered to be communication. It is in fact a reality (action) that apparently resembles an act of communication. Due to its nature, meaning that it does not build the community (which belongs to the essence of communication), but is the achievement of self-serving purposes, it appears to be the action of anit-communication.
3
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Definicja niezdolności do pracy jako przykład tautologii

100%
Więcek R.
Ubezpieczenia Społeczne. Teoria i praktyka
|
2018
|
issue 4/2018
69-81
PL
W artykule została podjęta próba wykazania, że definicja długotrwałej niezdolności do pracy jest dotknięta błędem konstrukcyjnym. Polega on na sformułowaniu tej definicji w taki sposób, że jest ona przykładem tautologii. Autor skupia się jedynie na konstrukcji językowej terminu, nie wdając się w próby ustalenia treści normy prawnej. Celem artykułu nie jest dekodowanie zawartości tej regulacji. W przeddzień możliwej reformy polskiego systemu orzecznictwa o niezdolności do pracy i niepełnosprawności jest konieczne zwrócenie uwagi, by autorzy nowych regulacji ustrzegli się błędów swoich poprzedników. Być może jednym z możliwych rozwiązań jest zaprzestanie dokonywania cząstkowych reform na rzecz trudnego i długotrwałego procesu kodyfikacji prawa pracy i zabezpieczenia społecznego, którego efektem mógłby być kodeks zatrudnienia i zabezpieczenia społecznego.
EN
The author is making an attempt to demonstrate, that definition of the long-term incapacity to work, is touched with the fault in design. This mistake consists in formulating this definition this way, that she is an example of the tautology. The author is focusing only on the structure of the linguistic definition, not entering into attempts to establish the plot of the legal norm. Decoding contents of this norm isn’t a purpose of the article. On the eve of the available reform of the Polish system of the judicial decision for incapacities to work and disabilities, paying attention is necessary so that authors of new regulations avoid mistakes of their predecessors. Perhaps with one of possible solutions, ceasing introducing fragmentary reforms is for difficult of both the long-lasting process of the codification of the labour law and the social security, of which a Code of the Employment and the Social security could be an effect.
4
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Fakt medialny

80%
HENDRYKOWSKI M.
Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication
|
2016
|
vol. 18
|
issue 27
304-316
EN
Fake news Marek Hendrykowskis analytical study concentrates on deep semantic structure and the social context of the news fabricated by media. Fake news is considered a functional expression of various prejudices, biases, stereotypes and emotions circulating in the common consciousness of contemporary society. When peoples emotions are intense, the impact of fictitious news is stronger and rational knowledge transmission is poorly explored. The critical re- actions of an individual viewer are seen as being particularly important to anticipatory regulation. The functional definition of “fake news” presented by the author provides a useful framework for organizing observations and interdisciplinary studies on this phenomenon.
5
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O obiektywności prawdy i jej podstawach ontycznych

71%
Dębowski J.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
|
2015
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2(204)
111-124
PL
W artykule – dzięki zestawieniu głównych pojęć obiektywności w sensie ontycznym – odpowiadam na pytanie, co się składa na obiektywnie istniejącą rzeczywistość. Odwołując się do pojęcia transcendencji strukturalnej, wskazuję również, gdzie (i jak) przebiega granica między ontyczną obiektywnością a ontyczną subiektywnością. Na koniec, sięgając do pojęcia obiektywności w sensie epistemologicznym, próbuję wyklarować relację pomiędzy obiektywnością i subiektywnością z jednej strony, a prawdziwością i fałszywością z drugiej.
EN
In the paper – thanks to the ontic sense of the objectivity concept – I answer the question what objectively existing reality consists of. Appealing to the concept of the structural transcendence, I indicate also where (and how) the boundary between the ontic objectivity and the ontic subjectivity runs. Finally, I try to clarify relations between objectivity and subjectivity as well as veracity and falseness.
6
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THE ESSENTIAL CONNECTION BETWEEN MODERN SCIENCE AND UTOPIAN SOCIALISM

41%
Redpath P. A.
Studia Gilsoniana
|
2014
|
vol. 3
203-220
EN
The chief aim of this paper is to demonstrate beyond reasonable doubt how, through an essential misunderstanding of the nature of philosophy, and science, over the past several centuries, the prevailing Western tendency to reduce the whole of science to mathematical physics unwittingly generated utopian socialism as a political substitute for metaphysics. In short, being unable speculatively, philosophically, and metaphysically to justify this reduction, some Western intellectuals re-conceived the natures of philosophy, science, and metaphysics as increasingly enlightened, historical and political forms of the evolution of human consciousness toward creation of systematic science, a science of clear and distinct ideas. In the process they unwittingly wound up reducing contemporary philosophy and Western higher education largely into tools of utopian socialist political propaganda.
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