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Kilka uwag o historii wizualnej

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PL
Historia wizualna to subdyscyplina historii zajmująca się badaniem przedstawień (audio)wizualnych związanych z przeszłością, o charakterze artystycznym (malarstwo, fotografia, film i in.). Historia wizualna wychodzi z założenia, że obserwowany współcześnie wzrost znaczenia form wizualnych zmusza naukę historyczną do reorientacji. Wskazuje więc na potrzebę wykorzystywania jako źródeł także fotografii czy filmu. Interesuje się też edukacją historyczną i wykorzystaniem wiedzy historycznej w celach popularyzatorskich bądź hobbistycznych, za pomocą środków audiowizualnych. Reorientacja ta inicjuje refleksję zmierzającą do wypracowania teoretycznych i praktycznych rozwiązań.
EN
In the course of its development historiography has faced all kinds of challenges typical of a given stage in the development of civilisation. Visual representations come into the category of such challenges. An incresingly acknowledged subdiscipline of history, visual history sets itself the task of studying all kinds of audiovisual representations of the past, including the artistic ones such as film, photography and art. It is informed by the assumption that the increasing role of audiovisual ways of representing reality, including the past reality, makes it necessary for historiography to modify the fundamental presuppositions on which it is based, without, however, abandoning the traditional goals it is called upon to pursue. Visual history insists on the use of film or photographs as historical sources. This in turn requires the elaboration of specific methods of dealing with such sources, which are so significantly different from those usually made use of by historians. The discipline in question also takes an interest in the use of audiovisual means in historical education and in the popularisation of historical knowledge. History’s shift in the direction of audiovisual media inspires methodological discussions that contribute to the elaboration of both practical and theoretical solutions to a variety of problems this shift creates.
EN
Deliberations about Peter Weir’s film Picnic at Hanging Rock lead to two conclusions. The first one is concerned with the interpretation of the film, and the interpretation has to refer to its symbolism with several traps lying behind it. The other one concerns the interpretation of the events, the interpretation of what happened and how it should be described. If the plot of the film is a list of the surviving sources, it opens for a historian a few options of interpreting the film. On the one hand, by referring to what he knows or what he considers rational, he can compile his own story from the material that is available to him. He can also focus rather on the symbolical meaning of the stories he has heard and connect them with the culture of the time and place he studies.
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