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EN
The paper analyses the character of the common (nonmagic) horse in Serbian folktales from the following perspectives: (1) names and attributes, (2) function, (3) horse owners, (4) characteristics in animal stories and fables. The first aspect is concerned with the frequency of names and the use of attributes associated with horses. The second one defines functions of the common horse: horse as a vehicle and helper in everyday life, magical function, ancient rituals and religious representations of a horse, horse as a part of the death penalty, etc. The third aspect distinguishes horse owners with relation to social strata (upper/lower class). However, the character of the Gypsy is not subject to that distinction. The fourth one refers to horse characteristics in animal stories and fables. The results of the study show that each of these points is firmly connected to reality and that some folk tale elements are of great significance, due to their role in preserving the ancient religious notions of the world which are forgotten in modern life.
PL
O pospolitym koniu w serbskich podaniach ludowychArtykuł koncentruje się na analizie charakteru pospolitego (niemagicznego) konia w serbskich podaniach ludowych z trzech perspektyw: 1) nazwy i atrybuty, 2) funkcje, 3) właściciele konia, 4) cechy w historiach i baśniach zwierzęcych. Pierwszy aspekt dotyczy częstotliwości nazw i użycia atrybutów związanych z końmi. Drugi definiuje funkcje pospolitego konia: jako pojazdu i pomocy w codziennym życiu, funkcje magiczne, starożytne rytuały i religijne przedstawienie konia, koń, jako część kary śmierci, itp. Trzeci aspekt rozróżnia właścicieli konia ze względu na pochodzenie społeczne (klasa wyższa / niższa). Niemniej jednak typ Cygana nie podlega temu rozróżnieniu. Czwarty aspekt odnosi się do cech w historiach zwierzęcych i baśniach. Wyniki badania pokazują, że każda z tych perspektyw jest ściśle powiązana z rzeczywistością oraz, że niektóre elementy podań ludowych mają ogromne znaczenie z uwagi na ich rolę w zachowaniu starożytnych pojęć religijnych zapomnianych we współczesnym życiu.
RU
This paper analyses the character of the “common” (nonmagic) horse in Serbian folktales by the following points: (1) names and attributes, (2) function, (3) horse owners, (4) characteristics in animal stories and fables. The first point is about the frequency of names and the use of attributes associated with horses. The second defines functions of the common horse: horse as a vehicle and helper in everyday life, magical function, ancient rituals and religious representations of a horse, horse as a part of the death penalty, etc. The third point distinguishes horse owners by upper/lower class. However, the character of the Gipsy is not subject to that distinction. The fourth point refers to horse characteristics in animal stories and fables. The results of the research show that each of these points is firmly connected to reality and that some folk tales elements are of great significance, because of their role in preserving the ancient religious notions of the world which are forgotten in modern life.
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