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1

Parimuslik ajalugu – arengusuunad ja paralleelid

100%
Jaago T.
Mäetagused
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2014
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vol. 56
7-20
EN
Narrated history (pärimuslik ajalugu) as an independent research approach started to emerge in Estonian folkloristics in the 1990s. On the one hand, it was expectable, as narrating the past was significantly in the foreground in the 1980s–90s, due to the changes that society was undergoing. On the other hand, it was connected with the general development pattern in the 1970s-80s folkloristics, for example, in the emergence of context-centred folkloristics as well as interest in modern-day folklore and small-group folklore tradition. At the end of the 1990s contacts were established with fellow researchers from neighbouring countries, and collaboration with Latvian and Finnish researchers has proved most durable. Internationally, this line of research is associated with oral history research, and is, to some extent, also related with memory studies and life history research. This thematic publication is another step aiming to discuss the ongoing trends and investigations in the field of narrated/oral history in the abovementioned area of cooperation. In general, there are new topics (e.g., experience in being a representative of state authorities; researcher’s self-awareness as an interviewer) and also observations of earlier topics considering the present-day contexts (e.g., family traditions in the Internet era; experience of members of transnational families; modern possibilities for analysing materials recorded in the past). Focusing on the present day and interpersonal relationships is characteristic, as opposed to the past and the interpretation of past events. Among the theoretical aspects in the line of research, most often the developments of earlier standpoints are dealt with (for example, the change in the balance between the public and the private in modern society). This gives evidence of a new stage in research, leaving the discussions on the formation of this line of research (and other interrelated lines) into the 2000s.
2

Eessona

100%
Koiva M.
Mäetagused
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2015
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vol. 61
7-12
EN
The 61st issue of journal Mäetagused is dedicated to Ülo Tedre (February 12, 1928 - March 9, 2015), one of the most versatile Estonian folklorists, giving today’s readers and researchers an overview of his scholarly work in different fields of folklore.
3
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Категорія художнього простору у фольклорній ліро-епіці українців

100%
Konieva Y.
Acta Neophilologica
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2012
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issue XIV/2
141-146
EN
In the paper Yaroslava Konieva considers one of the most important categories of the folklore text poetics – the artistic spaces from the point of view of semiotic cultural anthropology. The author distinguishes sacral-mythological, magic and mythological artistic spaces.
4
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Evropská pověrečná pověst a její předoasijské prameny

88%
Klímová D.
Národopisný věstník
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2009
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vol. 26_(68)
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issue 1
85-91
EN
This paper was prepared in 1964 as a thesis for the Tokio ISFNR conference report, but the author couldn’t participate in this conference. This report deals with identical motifs in the European (Czech and Moravian) folklore and in the non-European sources, namely in the Near East ones. It mentions cooperation of folkloristics with comparative linguistics and archeology. Benefit of this cooperation is evident especially in the ancient culture studies, when the folkloristics can utilize the results of the archeological discoveries. A thorough study of those ancient discoveries proves that roots of some European literary traditions may be found already in Mesopotamia (motifs of dragons and demons, etc.).
5

Hungarian Ethnography – the Description of the Hungarian Nation?

88%
Voigt V.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2017
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vol. 27
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issue 3
195 - 206
EN
The contribution offers an overview of basis terms and a brief history of Hungarian ethnography including the history of Hungarian society (and nation) from the Middle Ages to the present. The author deals more thoroughly with more important authors and works that can be considered to be ethnographic. The most significant ones include Miklós Oláh (1537), Mátyás Bél (1735–1742), a statistics describing the theory of state, János Csaplovics (1822, 1829), Herder´s prophecy about the extinction of the Magyars (1791), collections and regional descriptions in the “reform period”, Ferenc Kölcsey and his “national traditions“ (1826), János Erdélyi who further developed the same theme (1847), new beginnings after the revolutio (1848–1849), Pál Hunfalvy (1876), foundation of the Hungarian Museum of Ethnography (1872), general and industrial exhibitions, the book Österreichische Monarchie in Wort und Bild (1886–1902), publication of comparative journals, the National Millennium Exhibition in 1896, foundation of the Hungarian Ethnographic Society (1889), Lajos Katon´s suggestion for terminology (1889: ethnologia – ethnographia – folklore), the period before World War I and the end of the “golden age” after World War I.
6

Linguistic and cultural dimensions of Slovak onomastics in Slavistics research

88%
Krško J.
Human Affairs
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2013
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vol. 23
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issue 2
289-294
EN
In his paper the author argues that interdisciplinary research and collaboration between different scientific branches are important in ensuring that research captures the wider picture. The author ascertains common points in history, ethnology, dialectology, and folkloristics by looking at various examples of onomastic research conducted in Slovakia. The research findings are part of broad pan-Slavic research and are important in Slovak Slavistics as well.
7
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Životní příběhy - výzkumy na pomezí mezi etnologií a historií

88%
Nosková J.
Národopisný věstník
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2009
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vol. 26_(68)
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issue 1
157-170
EN
This paper deals with the life stories and with their research in ethnology and history. The author at first defines the term life story and refers to other possible terms which are used in the relevant scientific disciplines. He endeavors to point out characteristic features of this source - oral tradition, emergence on the researcher’s instigation, and describes the impact of those features on the ways how the life stories are utilized in ethnology and history with an accent on interdisciplinarity which is inherent in the study of those sources. Attention is paid to the research of narration and to performance studies which influenced the research of the life stories. The author means that concerns of ethnology and history often blend together, as proved e. g. by the researches of the ethnologist A. Lehmann.
8

On the Development of Italian Folkloristics and Ethnography: From Renaissance Collections of Folk Literature to Positivism

75%
Maiello G.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2019
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vol. 29
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issue 1
3 - 14
EN
The study offers a description of the difficulty of describing the boundaries between various study disciplines such as ethnology, folklore and ethnography in the context of pre­ and post­unitary Italy. In a specific paragraph are presented the oldest collections of fairy tales, collected by Giovanni Francesco Straparola (1480?–1557), Giambattista Basile (1566–1632) and Pompeo Sarnelli (1649–1724) and the first romantic attempts to comment on oral lore. Other paragraphs are devoted to the italian collectors of folk tales, with a particular attention on Niccolò Tommaseo (1802–1874), Vittorio Imbriani (1840–1886) and Costantino Nigra (1828– 1907), and to the theorists of folklore studies Ermolao Rubieri (1818–1879) and Alessandro d’Ancona (1835–1914). The study describes where folklore studies in Italy met with ethnographic studies and where and when they moved away from themselves.
9

Prozaická folkloristika a fenomén první světové války

75%
Janeček P.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2014
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vol. 24
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issue 4
293-300
EN
The contribution deals with the overview of more significant literary-folkloristic studies that paid their attention to the analysis of prosaic folklore phenomena developed and/or spread during World War I both in the battlefields and in the hinterland zones. While some texts of folklore nature drew researchers’ attention nearly immediately (prophecy, folk beliefs), the analyses of some others began several years later (demonogical legends, jokes, folk graffiti) – a part thereof came to a more thorough analysis only at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries (rumours and contemporary legends). Within European folkloristics, World War I proves to be a period that drew researchers’ attention mainly because of an unexpected increase in “irrationality” in both rural and urban environment. At that time, this phenomenon was most often interpreted as “tradition revival” and welcomed as a mean for revitalization and legitimacy of a discipline focused on the documentation of ostensibly disappearing folk culture associated with traditional rural areas. Although this concerned quite isolated partial studies in the most cases, yet as a whole these helped increase the interest of European folkloristics in the texts circulating in the current oral tradition. The texts of that time devoted to the interpretation of World War I paved the way for the later researches into contemporary folklore to a certain extent. This research direction was made more topical again at the end of the 20th century as it served as an inspiration for the contemporary study of the World War I folklore, which was based on the exploration of more types of source materials.
10
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Novinová pověst a biografické vyprávění jako symptom krize prozaické folkloristiky? Poznámka k dějinám folkloristických konceptů

63%
Janeček P.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
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2022
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issue 2
32-44
EN
The text investigates critical history of two important genological concepts which appeared in Central European (mostly Czech, German and Polish) folkloristics in the 20th century: Zeitungssage (newspaper legend) and personal experience narrative (memorate). Both of these concepts appeared as somewhat desperate attempt of the textocentric discipline to deal with growing number of documented oral narratives which could not fit into „standard“ genres of verbal folklore such as folktale or legend. The author argues that both of these attempts partly led to a dead end — and, because of that, during the early 2000s, had been largely abandoned by many researchers. Studies of these texts then achieved paradigm shift influenced by international folkloristics — some of the studied material started to be classified as contemporary legend and rumour, while the other part followed disciplinary path of oral history. Nevertheless, both of these concepts present fascinating chapter in history of prosaic folkloristics in particular and memory studies in general.
11
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Bartók's Attempt at Cooperation with the State Institute for Folk Song in Czechoslovakia and Its Political Connotations

63%
Procházková J.
Hudební věda (Musicology)
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2016
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vol. 53
|
issue 1
73-90
XX
Studie Jarmily Procházkové se zabývá pokusy hudebního skladatele Bély Bartóka o spolupráci s československým Státním ústavem pro lidovou píseň, které zasazuje do dobového kontextu napjatých mezinárodních vztahů mezi ČSR a Maďarskem.
12

Evropská etnologie a koncept nehmotného kulturního dědictví

63%
Janeček P.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 3
273 - 282
EN
The article deals with critical analysis of contemporary acceptance of the intangible cultural heritage concept in field of European ethnology. European ethnology has strong historic experience with making the key analytical terms of its study (“folk”, “traditional folk culture”, “folklore”, “tradition”) problematical. In its long history, these terms were more times redefined, deconstructed or even fully abandoned. In the last years, external as well as internal criticism of this traditional ethnological terminology led to a quick acceptance of an applied and originally political term “intangible cultural heritage” that was primarily created for the UNESCO international agenda. Unlike the above mentioned traditional ethnological terms, this concept features a lot of undoubted advantages (modern understanding of culture as a process and practice, not only as a product; social construction of its meaning; taking into consideration the community’s and society’s decision about its passing down from generation to generation; international consensus about its meaning). On the other hand, however, it brings about a lot of problematical facts (derivation from an unclearly defined applied concept of “heritage”; nature of a mere enumeration of designates; weak theoretical reflexion of the concept in the contrast with its strong political and ideological background). On a ground of the concise overview Begriffgeschichte, i.e. a brief history of the European ethnology’s terminology, the essay tries to find a corresponding position for this concept and to contemplate its role for this unusual discipline that is located at the boundary line between historiography, social sciences and humanities.
13

Varvisonad ja varvisumbolid eesti moistatuste alaliikides

63%
Voolaid P.
Mäetagused
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2016
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vol. 64
69-98
EN
The article analyses colour names in the three most widely spread subgenres of Estonian riddles – classical or ordinary riddles, conondrums, and droodles – focusing on the specific features of each subgenre and their specific differences. The main questions concern the more frequent colour names by subgenres, their more general usage relations, and the use of colours in image creation. Classical riddles belong to a more archaic layer and are, by their nature, poetic descriptions of an object or a phenomenon, in which the image expresses mainly the appearance of the answer object, the facets perceived by senses. Colour names occur frequently in the image creation of riddles, serving as primary indicators in describing an object or a phenomenon and providing a hint at the answer. Classical riddles manifest the importance of colours in the semantic-lexical imagery of riddles (image stereotypes and form patterns), which can roughly be divided into two: 1. In texts with defined subjects, in which the image coincides with the syntactic subject of the descriptive sentence, the subject is often a zoological term, which is complemented by a colour (e.g. clichés such as grey/black/white ox; black pig and red piglets); yet, colour is also essential in human images (e.g. black man, red boy). 2. Texts with undefined subjects, in which the object to be guessed is presented indirectly by means of its activity, qualities, relations, places, time, etc., and colour names are applied in form stereotypes based on some kind of paradoxical differences or contradictions. Conondrums and droodles as more recent subgenres are oriented on humour; they both express cultural stereotypes and symbols by means of colours. As compared to the colour statistics of classical riddles, in conondrums the leading position is occupied by the subject-related term ‘blond’, which marks a fair-haired and fair-skinned person, and is caused by the multitude of jokes about dim-witted blondes that became popular in the second half of the 1990s. Colours play an important role in the absurd questions beginning in ‘What is…?’, as well as internationally known absurd series of elephant-questions, in which the opposition of two colour shades (light-dark, white-black) is widely spread as a humour-creating method. The colour image of the black-and-white droodles often contains the inducing of visual imagination and the occurrence of colour in both the question and answer. Text examples originate from internet databases Estonian Riddles (Krikmann & Krikmann 2012), Estonian Conondrums (Voolaid 2004), and Estonian Droodles (Voolaid 2002), based mainly on the manuscript material of the Estonian Folklore Archives as well as different publications and internet material.
14
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Nalezené torzo sbírky vojenských písní z první světové války

63%
Reittererová V., Andreska J., Spurný L.
Hudební věda (Musicology)
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2015
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vol. 52
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issue 2
163-220
XX
Studie Vlasty Reittererové, Jana Andresky a Lubomíra Spurného se podrobně zabývá folkloristický zájmem Aloise Háby v době první světové války (1914 - 1918), zejména oblastí vojenských písní a dosud neznámou sbírkou, která se z Hábou vytvořeného archivního fondu dochovala.
15
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Z dějin finské folkloristiky: Zrod historicko-geografické metody

63%
Závodská B.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
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2017
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issue 1
109-117
EN
The present article surveys the origins of academic folkloristics in Finland, mainly the birth of the so-called Finnish school of folkloristics and its methodological tool — the historic-geographic method. The first use of the Finnish method can be traced to the work of Julius Krohn, but it was his son Kaarle who adapted the method to the study of folk prosaic narrative. Kaarle Krohn’s aim was to find prototypical original form of any given folktale using a comparative approach with an emphasis on geographical and historical distributions of its known variants. The importance of geographical diffusion and an assumption of monogenesis link the Finnish school to diffusionist movement in ethnology. However, this school has also been called „Darwinism applied to folklore“, i.e. approach close to anthropological evolutionism, and the article investigates to which effect is this assumption justified. Evolutionism claims that the evolution is always progressive, from the simple to the most complex, from the identical to the diverse, following the same set of rules. The Finnish school assumes that by discovering these rules, we can go backwards to the starting point (form) of a particular tale. Many critics of the Finnish school argue that the historic-geographic method in itself is not innovative and that it had been used long before the Finns. However, this kind of criticism concentrates mostly on the comparative aspect of the method. The contribution of the Finnish method lies elsewhere. It was able to apply the elements of both evolutionism and diffusionism on the study of folk narrative while using a positivist method of textual criticism.
16
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New Sources for Janáček's Essay Brezovská píseň and His Notation of Long-Drawn-Out Folksong

63%
Procházková J.
Hudební věda (Musicology)
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2018
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vol. 55
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issue 1
41-55
EN
This text deals with Leoš Janáček’s essay Brezovská píseň (Folksong in Brezová, 1899), which was not published during the author’s lifetime. In it, he described his visit to Březová. The notations of folk songs made on this occasion as an organic component of Janáček’s text were previously regarded as lost, and only a selection from them was later arranged and included in his treatise O hudební stránce národních písní moravských (On Musical Aspects of Moravian Folk Songs, 1901). It is now possible to supplement the original essay Brezovská píseň with all of the musical examples, for which originals and copies of long-drawn-out songs and dance songs are available. The newly discovered sources allow a comparison of the descriptive and prescriptive treatment of long-drawn-out songs, to which the composer attracted attention as the first observer with expert training, thereby arousing the interest of future generations of scholars to the given topic.
CS
Studie Jarmily Procházkové je věnována literárnímu textu hudebního skladatele Leoše Janáčka. Autorka touto prací zabývá i v rámci připravovaného druhého dílu kritického vydání Janáčkova folkloristického odkazu a na tomto příkladě prezentuje způsob Janáčkovy práce.
17
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Dzieje pojęcia „folklor” w polskim dyskursie humanistycznym

63%
Sobczyk U.
Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk
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2014
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issue 4
417-425
PL
Termin folklor jest jednym z najmniej precyzyjnych i funkcjonalnych pojęć polskiej humanistyki. Użycie do analizy jego ruchu, metody historii pojęć w ujęciu Reinharta Kosellecka, umożliwia uchwycenie zmian obsługiwanych przez nie znaczeń oraz związanych z nimi horyzontów ludzkich doświadczeń – od pierwszych folklorystów badających „wiedzę ludu” w czasie szczytowego rozwoju jego kultury, poprzez działających w PRL-u badaczy folkloru wtórnego, rozumianego jako ludowa twórczość artystyczna, po autorów współczesnych, podkreślających jego nieoficjalny, interspołeczny oraz powszechny charakter.
EN
The term folklore is one of the least precise and functional concepts of the humanities. Its use for analysis in the polish discourse, the history or terms method in Reinhart Koselleck’s approach enables one to grasp the changes serviced by meanings and connected with them horizons of human experiences – from the first folklorists who researched "the folk knowledge" in times of high development in its culture, through explorers of secondary folklore operating in socialism meant as folk artistic output, to current authors who underline its intersocial and common character.
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