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EN
In recent times several features have emerged as regards the contemporary sculptures of Benin. These features have either overtly or covertly created the differences between the ancient and contemporary bronze sculptures of Benin. These unfortunate features includes (1) careless finishing, (2) contemporary bronze are heavier, (3) themes are repeated, (4) lack deep storylines, (5) most times, bronze antiques are forged, and (6) most lack sensitive commanding forms. Indeed, these are the traits which made ancient Benin bronze sculptures resonate, reverberate and resound both in ancient and contemporary time. What therefore should be done to move the contemporary Benin bronze sculptures to a higher artistic level is what this paper seeks to appraise and critically establish.
EN
The article deals with defining the essence and main concepts of sociocultural approach to teaching foreign languages and the ways of its implementation in higher education. The socio-cultural approach is based on the idea that society and culture shape cognition. Social customs, beliefs, values and language are all part of what shapes a person’s identity and reality. According to this approach, what a person thinks is based on his or her socio-cultural background. The socio-cultural approach takes into account more than the individual in attempting to understand cognitive processes. According to the socio-cultural approach a foreign language is considered to be a communication tool and a tool of learning the world culture, national culture and social subcultures of different people. The purpose of socio-cultural approach to teaching foreign languages is to enable the students to effectively navigate through the culturally-embedded situations in which they may find themselves in different countries. Socio-cultural competence is defined as a result of socio-cultural education. Its component structure is analyzed. The socio-cultural competence is a base of equal dialogue of cultures. It provides the ability to navigate among the cultural markers in the authentic language environment, to predict possible socio-cultural barriers in the terms of intercultural communication and to resolve them. It also contributes to social and cultural knowledge about countries and people, a student’s social and cultural self-education in any other areas. Modern forms, methods and means of students’ sociocultural competence forming in the process of teaching a foreign language beyond the language environment are analyzed. The debates, seminars, conferences and discussions are considered to be the most appropriate forms of work. Role playing, problem tasks are the most effective methods. The ready-made multimedia courses («Learn to Speak English», «Tell me More», «Reward Intem @ tive», «English Platinum» etc.), films, videos, television programs and other authentic materials stand out among the teaching means. In addition, the creation of European integration clubs, clubs for correspondence, clubs for cooking according to different national recipes can be recommended for effective students’ socio-cultural competence forming.
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EN
Usage of the Greek verb ‘to be’ is generally divided into three broad categories - the predicative use, the existential and the veridical-and these usages often inform the way we understand Being in ancient philosophy. This article challenges this approach by arguing that Being is not the product of linguistic reflection in Parmenides, Plato and Aristotle; rather, these thinkers treat Being as the ontological and epistemological primary. Though this may overlap with the linguistic senses, it is not the same thing. The article is divided into three sections: the first one raises several basic issues with the predicative interpretation of Being, the second argues that Being is unified and singular in a significant sense and the third brings out the special pre-immanence of Being.
EN
We argue that the current understanding of politics is caught in a tug of war between “economistic” and “postmodern” views, neither of which captures the distinctiveness of political rule and consequently instills confusion among citizens and misplaced expectations from leaders. Drawing largely on Aristotle, who warned precisely against this error, we consider the logic of mastery and contrast it to paternal rule. Then we discuss the voluntary nature of economic activity to distinguish it from the involuntary nature of mastery, before turning to discuss the political proper, which is a combination or mixture of these two that nevertheless makes it qualitatively distinct. These distinctions help us to better appreciate what is a likeness between political and economic, on the one hand, and between political and paternal, on the other while realising that political rule is not exhausted by either economic or paternal alone. The paper seeks to show that political rule finds itself as an in-between condition that balances itself against despotic, mastery, and the kind of care that paternal rule points to.
EN
Modernization of teacher education requires the development of adequate research based strategies and approaches of formation of personality-oriented subjective professional training of preschool teachers and accordingly finding ways of its modernization towards the impulse to self-realization of creative potential of future educators, creation and updating methodological support for continuous personal development and self-development of students. Training of future preschool teachers in the organization of play of preschool children as a separate research problem comprehensively and systematically hasn’t been studied. The lack of theoretical coverage of this problem in the pedagogical aspect and its significance for the theory and practice of modern Ukrainian higher education led to the choice of the topic and the main aim of the article that lies in theoretical substantiation of the system of future preschool teachers training for preschool children play activity (based on the course “Theory and methods of preschoolers play activity”). The system of professional training of future teachers of preschool children is a coherent set of structural elements that are interconnected in certain connections and relationship, interact with each other and form a coherent unity. The organization of work with students of higher educational institutions EQL «Bachelor» with the field of study «Preschool Education» was to create a system of testing and maintenance, types and forms of education. The selection of the content of educational material on the subject «Theory and methods of preschool children play activity» is defined as the overall objectives of education and specific objectives of the discipline. The content of the program involves a certain amount of knowledge of the theory and techniques of play of pre-school children, determines the depth of its coverage, establish a sequence in the study, providing a gradual complication of material. The program defined forms of training (lectures, seminars, divergent tasks for independent work, individual teaching and research tasks recommended for students of basic and additional literature). Thus, the course “Theory and methods of pre-school children play activity” furtherance of the purposes of teaching future educators of play and is consistent with the overall goals of education degree; provides conditions for effective training of future professionals in the sphere of preschool education.
EN
The article is devoted to the complex analysis of the preconditions, causes, course and consequences of reforming the content, forms and methods of vocational training of mentally retarded students in Ukraine (second half of the 20th century). The interrelations are substantiated between state strategies of socio-economic development of Ukraine and social demands for the training of mentally retarded students for work, the influence of educational paradigms on the functioning of the system of labor training of students. We developed the periodization of reforming the content, forms and methods of vocational and labour training of mentally retarded students in Ukraine in the second half of the 20th century and described the main tendencies, features and contradictions of development of each of the stages. In particular, it has been proved that the content, forms and methods of vocational training of mentally retarded students formed a specially selected and pedagogically perfected system of knowledge, skills and practice reflected in regulations, curriculum, syllabi and textbooks. The educational and methodological support of vocational training is developed taking into account the peculiarities of mental development and potential cognitive abilities of students. We evaluated the contribution of Ukrainian scholars in oligophrenopedagogics to the development and implementation of content, methods, forms of labour training and didactic functions of labour (educational, developmental, informative, remedial), which are interconnected and carried out in dialectical unity
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Content available remote

Aristotelian Forms and Laws of Nature

75%
EN
Aristotelian Forms are mysterious entities. I offer an account of them as entities that makes the laws of nature be laws. The Aristotelian ontology is fundamentally an anti-Humean ontology: Not only are laws a reality over and beyond regularities, but that in virtue of which they are laws is in fact that which is most truly called substance. If we further take it, say, on ethical grounds, that there are individual forms, then we get a multiplicity of substances in the universe, including multiple substances of the same sort, and the laws of nature end up being grounded in their powers. But we have global regularities, then, only because there is coordination between the lawmakers, or forms, of the solo doings of individual entities, a coordination that entails global patterns.
EN
The aim of this work is to closer describe the legal regulation of transnational business form – European economic interest grouping, taking into account regulations on the EU level but also Slovak law, and also analyze the advantages and the possibilities of using this form in praxis.
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EN
The central questions addressed in this paper are: (1) how are forms related to predication? And (2) what role do forms and predication play in the discovery and articulation of truth? The first section of the paper provides—in broad strokes—a synopsis of Plato’s account of forms. The second section considers predication in relation to forms showing that the existence and nature of forms is a necessary condition for predication, and that Plato’s account of predication is consistent with, in fact, anticipates, Aristotle’s treatment of reality in the Categories. The conclusion of the paper is that forms and predication are central to philosophical hermeneutics, to the discovery and articulation of truth.
EN
In the article the model of formation of future physics teacher’s professional interest in the process of studying special subjects is presented. The concepts «model» and «modeling» are analyzed. The model of professional interest of future physics teacher’s reveals the features of the structure (the components and stages of the process of formation), the sequence of the relation between these components. The model of formation of future physics teacher’s professional interest in the process of studying special subjects discloses the particular structure of professional interest, consistency of its components and generally the construction features of the content of this process. The model, presented in the article, is developed as a set of components: conceptually-goal, informative, activity-operational, diagnostic-resultant and organizational. The conceptually-goal component is leading because it directs and corrects the entire process. This component is determined by the purpose, goals, current approaches and principles of professional interest. The informative component of the model is determined by the system of knowledge and skill, which provides the development of future physics teacher’s professional interest. Professional interest is formed in the process of studying special subjects stipulated in the curriculum and at the special course «The formation of future physics teacher’s professional interest». The activity-operational component contains the forms, methods and means of formation professional interest. The diagnostic-resultant component of the model includes monitoring of formation of future physics teacher’s professional interest. This allows to identify the main problems of the process of formation and to make the necessary adjustments to the pedagogical process. This component contains the criteria and indicators of the development of future physics teacher’s professional interest. The model, presented in the article, also includes the organizational component. This component contains the pedagogical conditions and stages of formation future physics teacher’s professional interest. The theoretical model becomes the guideline of construction corresponding the process of formation of future physics teacher’s professional interest in practice.
Path of Science
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2018
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vol. 4
|
issue 2
2001-2006
EN
The article presents an unconventional although not absolutely unprecedented view on abstract objects defending the position of metaphysical realism. It is argued that abstract objects taken in purely ontological sense are the forms of objects. The forms possess some common characteristics of abstract objects, they can exist not in physical space and time and play a grounding role in their relation to concrete objects. It is stated that commonly discussed abstract objects – properties, kinds, mathematical objects – are forms.
12
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EN
The modern era of liturgical music in the Church in Italy has favored a situation in which a multiplicity of languages, styles and genres that probably characterize its uniqueness in the world scene coexist. We certainly cannot say that we live such a happy era from this point of view. After almost 60 years in which a false concept of liturgical creativity has been operating almost undisturbed, we are faced with an immense variety of situations within which – even in the presence of virtuous and significant experiences – a sort of generalized mediocrity is imposed which is almost all The cornerstones dictated by tradition and redefined by Vatican II. It is more than ever necessary to rediscover some fundamental concepts: the functionality of liturgical music; the music that wears the word; musical forms; thechoice of the repertoire; the need for training; The task of the liturgical music composer.
EN
For the full and harmonious development of their personality children should grow up in a family environment in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding. In many families, children are not provided with fundamental rights and fulfillment of their needs: safety, love, acceptance, and respect. Their sense of dignity collapses, they are prohibited from revealing emotions and thoughts. All this triggers a sense of shame, anger and fear, which are often passed on to the child’s functioning in different environments. The phenomenon of violence against children in the family – care deprivation, negligence of their emotionality as well as of bringing up, physical and mental harm, beatings, abuse, and sexual abuse are not uncommon. The issue of various types of child abuse, its recognition, intervention as well as prevention, and helping those children is a concern and a great challenge not only for teachers, educators, psychologists, therapists, but for the whole society, too. In the first part of the considerations theoretical framework for difficult issues posed by sexual violence against children has been presented. An attempt at defining the problem has been presented: a form of sexual abuse, signals that may indicate that the child was the object of sexual violence and direct and long-term consequences of sexual violence against a child. In the second part, in a form of commentary the results of the author’s own research regarding the various categories of respondents, who are employees of the social services on sexual violence against a child have been thoroughly analyzed.
EN
In the article the analysis of experience of creating educational and developmental environment at primary schools at the literary reading lessons is made. We examine different approaches to definitions of educational, developmental and educational-developmental environment. We offer recommendations concerning the development of moral and aesthetic spheres of a student. We expose the ways of formation of children’s perception, understanding, analysis and interpretation of literary text, speech development, and the ability to formulate their own statements, the formation of independent working skills. Different forms, methods and means of teaching “literary reading” in the organization of educational and developmental environment and implementation of communicative, linguistic, activity and Ukrainian knowledge line are submitted. In the article we highlight the importance of the availability of healthy psychological climate in the class, and also organizational, instructional, educational, psychological, hygienic requirements are presented in the article. It describes the conditions which are necessary for the formation of educational and developmental environment, which are used in the educational process of action-communicative content, creation of appropriate psychological and pedagogical conditions for favorable emotional climate and development of the interest in learning, the education authority of the teacher, arrangement of special forms, methods and tools. We consider the psychological and pedagogical aspects that influence the formation of educational and developmental environment at primary school. We have an example of the formation of educational and developmental environment for literary reading lessons at primary school, when working with text-based games “School carousel” that promotes proper formation of the educational and developmental environment and realizes communicative, linguistic, activity and Ukrainian knowledge line. The research is based on the analysis of scientific, educational and psychological literature, archival sources, advanced pedagogical experience. During our work the attention was paid to the interviews, questionnaires, expert survey subjects of educational process at secondary schools of Zhytomyr city, Zhytomyr region. The results were tested on the basis of these schools. Our analysis does not cover all the aspects of the problem and requires further analysis of the forms and methods of work to create educational and developmental environment at primary schools.
EN
The actuality of the article is determined by the fact that musical-choreographic education of children is an important area of work of teachers of pre-school education institutions, therefore, the future educator must get the appropriate musical-choreographic training at the higher educational establishments. At the same time, the analysis of professional literature makes it clear that there is lack of works devoted to the musical-choreographic formation of the students of the specialty “Preschool Education”. The purpose of research is the disclosure of pedagogical foundations (methodological approaches, forms, content, methods) of musical-choreographic training of the future teachers of pre-school education institutions in higher educational establishments.To achieve this goal, methods of systematic and comparative analysis of professional literature, pedagogical experience, modern musical and educational environment of preschool education institutions are used. The methodological basis of musical-choreographic training of the future educators in higher education institutions is determined by cultural, competence, systemic and personally oriented approaches and the main forms are classroom classes (lectures, practical and laboratory classes), pedagogical practice in pre-school educational institutions and independent work of students. The content of musical-choreographic training of the future educators is revealed, that should cover the theoretical, psychological and methodological foundations of musical and choreographic upbringing of preschoolers. It is proved that the most effective methods of appropriate training of students is practical fulfillment of tasks during which fragments of work with children are modeled and reproduced. Important roles play the methods of improving the musical-choreographic training of students during their independent work and pedagogical practice (observing the organization of musical-choreographic activity of preschool children in kindergarten and direct participation in it). The practical significance of the article is to provide specific recommendations for organizing the musical-choreographic training of students.The perspectives for further research are the development of the methodology for the formation of musical-choreographic culture of the future teachers of pre-school education institutions.
Prawo Kanoniczne
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2017
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vol. 60
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issue 3
57-71
EN
Canonical documentary formalities are also needed to guide the People of God well. These formalities safeguard important values that contribute to the vitality of the Church in so far as they are fair, timely and adequately carried out. It is necessary to make known the collections of forms but, above all, to convey that the well-used formality is of great help to the substantial goods of the Church.
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63%
PL
Zasadniczym celem opracowania jest usystematyzowanie metod i form stosowanych w lecznictwie uzdrowiskowym oraz ich ogólna charakterystyka. Wyodrębniono tu dziesięć metod leczenia uzdrowiskowego oraz przypisano im odpowiednie formy. Jest to opracowanie porządkujące widoczny w wielu publikacjach nieład w nazewnictwie procesu leczenia uzdrowiskowego, które powinno przyczynić się do łatwiejszego jednoznacznego porozumiewania się wśród specjalistów jak też wśród pensjonariuszy.
EN
The main objective of the study is to systematize the methods and forms used in spa treatment and their general characteristics. Distinguished here ten spa treatments and assigned the appropriate forms. The paper was ordered visible in many publications confusion in the SPA treatment naming SPA. It should contribute to easier communication among professionals and residents.
EN
The phenomenon of prostitution raises a lot of controversy. It is a social phe-nomenon which is difficult to define unambiguously, due to the dynamics and the variety of forms which it presents. Over the years there are greater nad newer forms of this phenomenon. This article presents the diversity of definitions of prostitution among authors from different fields of science. Particular attention should be paid to individual and social causes of prostitution and effects of taking this practice by wo-men.
BG
Обект на внимание в статията са трансформациите, извършени в полския превод на приказката "Тримата братя, ябълката и ламята", публикувана в сборника "Złota moneta za słowo. Bułgarskie bajki i legendy ludowe" (избор и увод Георги Минчев, Лодз 2006). Анализът се съсредоточава върху естетическия код на превода — начините, по които прeводачът предава в процеса на транслацията такива стилистични особености на устния стил като: повторителност, формулност и клишираност на езика. Особено внимание е посветено на преводните трансформации на ниво синтаксис: разискват се извършените при транслацията преобразувания в изреченските структури, промени в словореда, във вида на синтактичните връзки и в сегментирането на текста. Oт полския текст личи, че преводачът няма усет за превеждания жанр, в следствие на което преводът му е лишен от най‑важните присъстващи в оригинала черти, характерни за фолклорните текстове изобщо, както и за вълшебната приказка в частност.
EN
The article discusses translation transformations in Polish version of the Bulgarian fairy tale "Trzej bracia i złote jabłko" (Three Brothers and the Golden Apple). The fairy tale has been published in the collection "Złota moneta za słowo. Bułgarskie bajki i legendy ludowe" (Golden Coin for a Word. Bulgarian Fairy Tales and Legends — selection and introduction by Georgi Minczew, Lodz 2006). The main subject of the analysis is aesthetic code of the translation — the ways the translator has shown specific features of the oral text such as repetitions, forms and clichés. The author of the article is particulary focused on traformations on syntactic level (transformations in statements structures, changes in words order and text segmentation). The choices made by the translator prove that he wasn’t fully aware what literature genre he is translating. As the result, the translation is lacking essential for folk texts, and for fairy tale in particular, stylistic features which appear in the original.
EN
The article proposes the comparative study of the new forms of youth’s slang induced by the development of communication via Internet and its impact on common communication and language. Our study also considers scientific literature examining e-language markers of French and Ukrainian youth striving for sociolinguistic cooperation under the analyzed sociolect circumstances. The multidisciplinary approach makes it possible to construct the typology of the youth’s e-language forms.
FR
Le cadre de cet article est l’étude comparative des nouvelles formes de la langue des jeunes induites par le développement de la communication par Internet et son impact sur la communication et la langue communes. Notre étude s’appuie également sur toute une littérature qui cherche à penser les formes de la langue des jeunes à partir de l’analyse des marqueurs de la e-langue des jeunes en France et en Ukraine afin de dégager la cohérence sociolinguistique des universaux de ce sociolecte. Une approche pluridisciplinaire permet de construire une typologie des formes de la e-langue des jeunes.
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