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1
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The use of articles in L2 English: A phraseological perspective

100%
Leśniewska J.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
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2016
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vol. 6
|
issue 2
203-224
EN
While it is a well-known fact that speakers of article-less mother tongues, such as Polish, experience problems with articles in English, this study seeks to investigate the problem from a different perspective. Namely, it poses the question of whether the correct use of the article system of the L2 is indeed a purely grammatical task (as it is universally perceived), or whether the correct use of articles is to some extent aided by the mechanisms that underlie the formulaic character of language. The study was conducted with 90 Polish upper-intermediate and advanced users of L2 English, who completed a test on article use, which made it possible to compare patterns of article use between contexts of different collocational strength (defined in terms of the frequency of occurrence in a corpus). The statistically higher success rates for article use in high-frequency collocations (with the grammatical “rule” being the same) indicate that phraseological aspects of language use may indeed play a role in what is usually perceived as the correct application of grammatical rules.
2
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Formulaic Language: A Living Linguistic Fossil for a Holistic Protolanguage

100%
Nicchiarelli S.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2014
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vol. 3
67-73
EN
Humans today have the ability to use language. The common ancestor of chimpanzees and humans probably did not. During recent decades evolutionary linguists have attempted to explain how the gap between a non-linguistic ancestor and our linguistic species was bridged. In this direction, it has become common to invoke the notion of a protolanguage as a stable intermediary stage in the evolution of language. A key dispute among the currently-available hypotheses of protolanguage is represented by the distinction between holistic and synthetic accounts: did human protolanguage consist of holistic utterances – later segmented into single words – or did it start with simple units that were added together into more complex structures? The synthetic account is generally recognized as “the standard model,” thus assuming that the earliest forms of a presumed protolanguage were compositional, that is built up from single words, where one word corresponds to one concept. However, recent years have seen the consolidation of the alternative idea: each element of a protolanguage would have been linguistically unanalyzable and referred to a whole situation. This paper presents the case of formulaic language as evidence – a living linguistic fossil – which corroborates arguments in support of a holistic protolanguage account.
3
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The use of articles in L2 English: A phraseological perspective

100%
Leśniewska J.
Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching
|
2016
|
vol. 6
|
issue 2
203-224
EN
While it is a well-known fact that speakers of article-less mother tongues, such as Polish, experience problems with articles in English, this study seeks to investigate the problem from a different perspective. Namely, it poses the question of whether the correct use of the article system of the L2 is indeed a purely grammatical task (as it is universally perceived), or whether the correct use of articles is to some extent aided by the mechanisms that underlie the formulaic character of language. The study was conducted with 90 Polish upper-intermediate and advanced users of L2 English, who completed a test on article use, which made it possible to compare patterns of article use between contexts of different collocational strength (defined in terms of the frequency of occurrence in a corpus). The statistically higher success rates for article use in high-frequency collocations (with the grammatical “rule” being the same) indicate that phraseological aspects of language use may indeed play a role in what is usually perceived as the correct application of grammatical rules.
4
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Recurrent strings in corpus-based pedagogical research: A reappraisal of the field

88%
Gozdawa-Gołębiowski R., Opacki M.
Glottodidactica
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2018
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vol. 45
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issue 2
134-149
EN
Formulaic competence is a hotly debated issue in teaching circles, not only because of its role in L2 communication but also due to the inherent complexity of the identification criteria for formulaic strings. While the mixed approach, combining meaning-based and corpus- based identification measures, remains a natural solution, the subjective character of the criteria, together with the required involvement of native experts, diminishes its attractiveness for every-day pedagogical purposes. We would like to explore the potential of “corpus-only” identification tools. Specifically, our objective is to show that meaningless n-grams (of the, in a, etc.) generated by frequency searches contain useful pedagogical data, and that, coupled with MI scores frequency-based measures accurately characterize learners’ formulaic competence. Because of the relative simplicity of the identification procedure and free availability of corpus tools, frequency-based and distribution-based measures may become an important new pedagogical tool at the disposal of language teachers
5
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Formelhaft oder nicht? Die wichtigsten Merkmale der formelhaften Sequenzen

87%
Czarnecka M.
Glottodidactica
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2010
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vol. 36
33-43
EN
Formulaic sequences constitute a large protection of any discourse and, furthermore, they exist in so many forms that it is difficult to develop an adequate definition of this phenomenon. The term formulaic sequences encompasses verious types of world strings which appear to be stored and retrieved as holistic units from the memory. This article outlines some improtant aspects of formulaic sequences; it also shows the variety of definitions which appear in the research literature, and tries to find some specific criteria by means of which formulaic sequences could be identified in a discourse or a text.
6
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Multi-word Lexical Items and the Advanced Foreign Language User: Awareness Raising in the Context of Oral and Written Translation Training

75%
Alisa M.-M.
Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
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2020
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issue 29/2
151-164
EN
The paper has two main objectives: the first is to present an overview of the phenomenon of multi-word items in English, and discuss their prevalence in native speaker usage. The second is to discuss how proficient non-native speakers of English, and in particular those who are training to become translators, may benefit from classroom training that increases awareness of the primary role of chunks and other multiword units in native-like speech. It is argued that classroom training may tend to emphasise grammar rules and lexis over building a repertoire of multi-word items; more practise in this area may improve fluency, conserve energy, and enhance long-term language learning among adult foreign language users with nuanced foreign language performance goals.
7
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Linguistic Insights into Eurolect of Institutional Documents Based on the System of Logico-Semantic Relations

63%
Hrežo V.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
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2022
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vol. 1
69-85
EN
The present article draws primarily on a text-based approach while aiming attention at researching one genre of EU legal language the judgement in its English language version by employing quantitative and qualitative research methods and serves as a pilot analysis. The analysis is focused on the occurrence of textual Themes used for signalling organization of information and their functioning in the selected text of CJEU judgement based on the Halliday's (1985) theory of information distribution in a text and the system of logico-semantic relations between clauses later adapted by Trklja (2017). On the basis of the data obtained, it follows that the textual Themes denoting dierent logico-semantic relation types are distributed in the analysed text of EU Judgement unevenly, whereas the most frequent and prevailing type of relation between clauses is represented by lexical items of enhancement denoting causal-conditional relations. The article also provides an overview of previous research of contemporary scholars regarding various aspects of institutional-legal discourse.
8
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Routineausdrücke in deutschen Gesetzestexten – Versuch einer Klassifizierung

51%
Płomińska M.
Colloquia Germanica Stetinensia
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2020
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issue 29
239-253
DE
In der Fachsprachen-/Fachtextlinguistik wird als ein wichtiges Charakteristikum juristischer Texte deren formelhafter Charakter genannt. Formelhaftigkeit kann dabei nicht als ein signifikantes, sondern geradezu konstitutives Merkmal von Rechtstexten aufgefasst werden. Mehrere juristische Textsorten kennzeichnet nämlich nicht nur eine musterhafte Komposition, sondern auch die ausdrucksseitige Formelhaftigkeit, deren wesentliches Element die in Einzelexemplaren einer bestimmten Textsorte rekurrent auftretenden Routineausdrücke sind. Aufgrund ihres textsortenspezifischen Charakters sollen sie in Bezug auf eine bestimmte Textsorte(nvariante) hin untersucht werden. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist ein Klassifizierungsversuch der in deutschen Gesetzestexten, und zwar in den Stammgesetzestexten, vorkommenden Routineausdrücke.
EN
In the linguistics of language for special purposes / special text, one of the characteristics of the legal language is its formulaicity. It should be regarded as a particularly distinctive and even constitutive feature of legal texts. For many genres of texts used in legal professional communication, it is not only the compositional standardization that is characteristic, but above all the formulaicity on the level of expression, the main exhibit of which is the pattern of routine expressions repeated in copies of a given genre of text. Due to their species-specific determination, they should only be described in relation to a specific species/quality variant of text. The aim of the article is to attempt a typology of routine expressions occurring in German primary statutory texts.
PL
W lingwistyce języków/tekstów specjalistycznych za jedną z cech języka/tekstów prawa uchodzi ich formuliczność, którą należy uznać za szczególnie wyróżniającą, a nawet konstytutywną cechę tekstów prawa. Dla wielu gatunków tekstów używanych w prawnej/prawniczej komunikacji fachowej charakterystyczna jest bowiem nie tylko standaryzacja kompozycyjna, ale przede wszystkim formuliczność na płaszczyźnie wyrażeniowej, której głównym eksponentem są powtarzające się w egzemplarzach danego gatunku tekstu wzorcowe wyrażenia rutynowe. Ze względu na ich gatunkową determinację należy je badać i opisywać tylko w odniesieniu do konkretnego gatunku/wariantu gatunku tekstu. Celem artykułu jest próba typologii wyrażeń rutynowych występujących w niemieckich tekstach ustaw pierwotnych.
9
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Exploring Phraseology in EU Legal Discourse

45%
Hrežo V.
Language. Culture. Politics. International Journal
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2020
|
vol. 1
29-52
EN
The aim of the present article is to showcase EU legal discourse as a unique phenomenon of supranational specialized communication and on the basis of authentic data analysis identify specific lexical items with a focus on multi-word expressions while considering their structure and function in the analysed text. The present analysis consists in researching a selected monolingual EU Directive in its English language version while using a mixed method approach. The results of analysis indicate that the EU Directive analysed in the presented structural and functional study contains a large proportion of multi-word expressions distinctive for legal language while adhering to the specific distributional patterns regarding the different structural and functional categories of lexical bundles. The article also gives an overview of contemporary scholars’ research accomplished in institutional-legal discourse and translation.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie dyskursu prawniczego, jaki ma miejsce w Unii Europejskiej, jako niezwykłego zjawiska międzynarodowej komunikacji specjalistycznej i, na podstawie analizy rzeczywistych danych, wyszczególnienie specyficznych jednostek leksykalnych, kładąc przy tym nacisk na wyrażenia wieloczłonowe, w trakcie badań struktury i funkcji analizowanego tekstu. Ukazana analiza obejmuje badanie wybranej anglojęzycznej Dyrektywy Unii Europejskiej, przy użyciu metody podejścia mieszanego. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują, że analizowana pod kątem struktury i funkcji Dyrektywa unijna zawiera znaczną ilość wyrażeń wieloczłonowych charakterystycznych dla języka prawniczego, które nie zakłócają specyficznego układu syntaktycznego rozważanego z punktu widzenia występowania różnorodnych strukturalnych i funkcjonalnych kategorii leksykalnych. Ponadto, artykuł umożliwia wgląd we współczesne badania naukowe, jakie miały miejsce w sferze formalnego dyskursu prawniczego i translacji.
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