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EN
In human cultural development, the school age is of particular importance. Its beginning is marked by children achieving readiness to start reactive learning, i.e. learning under teacher’s instruction. At this time, the child shows the greatest responsiveness to knowledge and skills; moreover, the child has respect for adults who can help them complete tasks which they cannot do on their own. According to the assumptions of the cultural-historical trend, learning under instruction is the leading form of children activity in this period. It means that the child satisfies their most important developmental needs within this activity, and that the central developmental processes takes place at this time. Thanks to this activity, in the school age the child satisfies the need for productivity. Correct diagnosis of readiness to learn under instruction is, therefore, crucial for the child’s cultural development. It makes it possible to launch activities aimed at supporting it at the right time in the process. The experimental method may be more useful in this respect than other diagnostic methods. It allows for identification of means for supporting a child in the process of completing tasks which at the moment exceed their current capabilities. The experimental form proposed by Lev Vygotsky, known as the double stimulation method, appears to be particularly useful for diagnosing children’s readiness to learn under instruction.
EN
In human cultural development, the school age is of particular importance. Its beginning is marked by the children achieving readiness to start reactive learning, i.e. learning under teacher’s instruction. At this time, the child shows the greatest responsiveness to knowledge and skills; moreover, the child has respect for adults who can help him or her complete tasks which he or she cannot do on his or her own. According to the assumptions of the cultural-historical trend, learning under instruction is the leading form of children activity in this period. It means that the child satisfies his or her most important developmental needs within this activity, and that the central developmental processes take place at this time. Thanks to this activity, in the school age the child satisfies the need for productivity. Correct diagnosis of readiness to learn under instruction is, therefore, crucial for the child’s cultural development. It makes it possible to launch activities aimed at supporting it at the right time in the process. The experimental method may be more useful in this respect than other diagnostic methods. It allows for identification of means for supporting a child in the process of completing tasks which at the moment exceed his or her current capabilities. The experimental form proposed by Lev Vygotsky, known as the double stimulation method, appears to be particularly useful for diagnosing children readiness to learn under instruction.
PL
W rozwoju kulturowym człowieka wiek szkolny ma szczególne znaczenie. Jego początek wyznaczany jest osiągnięciem przez dziecko gotowości do uczenia się reaktywnego, czyli pod kierunkiem nauczyciela. Wtedy ujawnia ono największą podatność na wiedzę i umiejętności oraz darzy dorosłych szacunkiem, kiedy potrafią mu pomóc poradzić sobie z zadaniami, z którymi nie radzi sobie samodzielnie. Zgodnie z założeniami nurtu kulturowo-historycznego uczenie się pod kierunkiem jest wiodącą formą działalności dziecka w tym okresie. Oznacza to, że w jej ramach realizuje ono najważniejsze rozwojowo potrzeby, oraz że w jej trakcie przebiegają centralne procesy rozwojowe. Dzięki niej, w wieku szkolnym, dziecko zaspokaja potrzebę produktywności. Prawidłowe rozpoznanie gotowości do uczenia się pod kierunkiem ma więc podstawowe znaczenie dla kulturowego rozwoju dziecka. Pozwala we właściwym w rozwoju czasie uruchomić działania mające na celu jego wspomaganie. Metoda eksperymentalna może w tym zakresie być przydatna bardziej niż inne metody diagnostyczne. Pozwala odkryć środki wspomagania dziecka w procesie rozwiązywania przez nie zadań przekraczających jego aktualne możliwości. Forma eksperymentu proponowana przez Lwa S. Wygotskiego, określana jako metoda podwójnej stymulacji, wydaje się dla diagnozowania gotowości dziecka do uczenia się pod kierunkiem szczególnie użyteczna.
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