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EN
In the Polish legal system there are no legal regulations concerning a non-anon- ymous gamete donation and an intra-family gamete donation. The purpose of this article is to analyze if the intra-family gamete donation should be mandated in the Polish family law. It is necessary to point out that in some cases this legal construction could be valuable. In the first part of the article the typol- ogy of intra-family gamete donation is presented. In the second part, there are the results of research into the benefits and dangers of the intra-family gamete donation. Thereafter, it is analyzed how this kind of legal regulation could be implemented in the Polish legal system.
EN
In the last decades, various forms of parenthood (alternative, non-standard) have been discussed as an important topic. The attention of human sciences experts is particularly focused on the quality of life of a child growing up in such a family. It is evaluated whether there is a reason for not accepting such a family constellation. The ways of creating such a family formations are rarely discussed, although they play an important role in the quality of life of children, families and the whole society. Ways to create such families are patchwork families, adoption, foster care and 3rd party reproduction. Our text concentrates mainly on using reproductive technologies. Alternative family formations have always emerged and will emerge in the future. However, our analysis shows that the institutional support of their creation (creation, not their functioning) brings serious legal, ethical and psychosocial problems, for example, trafficking in body parts, women and children.
EN
Assisted reproduction (ART), particularly that performed using donated gametes, increases the prospect of healthy babies being delivered to increasing numbers of people striving for parenthood. The psychosocial, ethical and legislative issues related both to the donation and receipt of gametes are perceived as extraordinarily complicated. In 2009, a research project aimed at mapping the issues was drawn up and implemented in the Czech Republic. The project should have provided material for consultation purposes, for the work of ethical and legislative bodies, and for better interdisciplinary and international communication in reproductive medicine. Work on the project was affected by several unforeseen events, particularly by the drafting and adoption of a new law on ART (to which the project was initially to have contributed material once concluded). The article describes the dynamic and structural changes occurring within the project due to drafting of the bill as well as the changes and consequences resulting from other circumstances related to the topic researched.
EN
The right to know one's origins is considered a natural right of every individual and includes knowledge of one's parents, ancestors and genetic family in general. This right is not only a matter of legal inquiry, but also an ethical and psychosocial issue. The discussion focuses on a comparison of different legal approaches to the protection of the right to know one's origins, which are anonymous and non-anonymous germ cell donation. While the Czech legal system allows only anonymous donation, Germany and Denmark apply models that promote greater transparency. The issue is also reflected in international documents such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, which in theory support the right to know one's origins, but practical implementation is often limited by the protection of other interests, such as the anonymity of donors. The article analyses how these conflicts are resolved in the Czech Republic and offers a comparison with legal regulations in Germany and Denmark, providing possible directions for reforming the Czech legal system in favour of the rights of children born using assisted reproduction.
CS
Právo znát svůj původ je považováno za přirozené právo každého jedince a zahrnuje poznání vlastních rodičů, předků a obecně genetické rodiny. Toto právo není jen předmětem právního zkoumání, ale zároveň také otázkou etickou a psychosociální. Diskuse se soustředí na srovnání různých právních přístupů k ochraně práva znát svůj původ, kterými jsou anonymní a neanonymní darování zárodečných buněk. Zatímco český právní řád umožňuje pouze anonymní darování, Německo a Dánsko uplatňují modely podporující větší transparentnost. Problematika je také reflektována v mezinárodních dokumentech, jako je Úmluva o právech dítěte, které teoreticky podporují práva na znalost původu, ale praktická realizace je často omezena ochranou jiných zájmů, například anonymitou dárců. Článek analyzuje, jak jsou tyto konflikty řešeny v České republice, a nabízí srovnání s právními úpravami v Německu a Dánsku, poskytující možné směry pro reformu českého právního systému ve prospěch práv dětí narozených s využitím asistované reprodukce.
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