Search results

1

Masculinity and Femininity: Essential to the Identity of the Human Person

100%

O'Donnell N.

Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration

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2014

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vol. 19

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issue 1-2

109-122

EN

The title of this congress begins with the word “identity”. It also includes the word “reciprocity,” which indicates a form of relationship and finally, “gift of self”. This would lead us to conclude that the identity of the human person has something to do with reciprocity and that reciprocity involves giving of oneself to others. This talk will attempt to shed light on how the concept of gender might in some way be incorporated into these three concepts. Defining what constitutes the identity of the human person has been explored, and attempts to define it have been made by every major theorist in the field of psychology. At a previous Psychology and Communion congress one of the talks (Ionata, 2002) spoke of loving and being loved in return as the basic foundation of human identity. In that presentation we find the following observation: “The identity of the human person can be compared to the identity of a book: we know where and when it was printed; but the author is certainly not the publishing house, nor is the typesetter who prepared the text…The same is true for us human beings: we know the time and date of birth. But who is author?” (31). We ask ourselves, therefore: what lies at the core of the identity of this being who is born at a certain time on a certain date? Before proceeding, I think it is important to note that the basic idea regarding the identity of the human person, as we have defined and understood it from the inception of psychology and communion and explored in previous encounters, remains unchanged. I will use a quote of Chiara Lubich here that perhaps many of you know but which can serve the purpose of laying the foundation for what follows: Human beings are “(…) all equal but distinct. To each person [God] gave his own beauty so that they would be desirable and lovable by others; and so that in love (the common substance in which they recognize themselves as one and see themselves in each other) they would be recomposed into the One who had created them with his Light, which is Himself.” Now we ask ourselves: What exactly is this “beauty” that Chiara is speaking of? What are the components, if you will, of our identity that makes us “… desirable and lovable by others…”?

2

Stories of bridal and feminine experience – production of gendered narratives in the context of media reception

80%

Glapka E.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2012

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vol. 48

127-148

EN

The present paper presents gendered narratives produced during research interviews with readers of a wedding magazine. While interpreting media texts, the women gave accounts of their bridal and feminine experience. Of all understandings of a narrative proposed in discourse analysis, the ones taken here are of a situated construction of self in interaction (Taylor 2006) and of an established sequence of life trajectory (Bruner 1991). Accordingly, the lived experience of identity is approached as discursively mediated – by the available set of subject positions and interpretative repertoires. In the analysis, the interviewees are found to employ socio-culturally accumulated resources of self-construction in talk. Their narrative work reveals how speakers (despite their dependency on the intertextual reservoir of notions, images and associations) seek to position themselves as independent and agentic subjects of discourse.

3

Běžný den v životě žen a mužů – představy dívek a chlapců o vlastní budoucnosti

80%

Smetáčková I.

Studia paedagogica

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2010

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issue 1

107-124

EN

The development of the gender identity culminates in adolescence. One of its important aspects is the image of one’s own future: as a woman or a man, what is my life going to (or should) be like? The adolescents construct such ideas in confrontation with the requirements of gender roles they are often unaware of. Also, on the contrary, they consider their ideas about the future to be entirely a question of their own choice. This strengthens the influence of gender stereotypes on adolescent girls and boys. The article discusses similarities and differences between girls’ and boys’ ideas about their adult life. It is based on an analysis of 98 descriptions of everyday routines in adulthood as written by adolescent pupils. Each description consisted of two parts: the idea of one’s own future and the idea of the future if you were of the opposite sex. The descriptions show how differently girls and boys think about their prospects and how their ideas are influenced by their identification with gender categories. This corresponds with numerous psychological theories of gender identity development and the theories of gender order.

4

Gender perspectives in the Italian Muslim family. Education, taboos, conflicts, and intergenerational transformations.

70%

Crescenti M.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2024

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vol. 15

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issue 29

EN

This article presents research on the dialogue between second-generation Muslim parents and children in the Italian context regarding gender identity, sexual identity, and gender education. Through the testimonies of young people (18-30 years of age), the nature of intergenerational dialogue and parental position toward the relational transformations that their children are experiencing is analysed within the Italian cultural context. For this purpose, 28 semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2021 with boys and girls aged 18–30 years and belonging to Italian Islamic associations. Moreover, 24 young people were divided into 4 focus groups to conduct an in-depth exploration of gender perspectives on these topics; these young people are active members of the Giovani Musulmani d’Italia (Association of Young Italian Muslims). A strongly taboo dialogue emerges from the data; however, this does not hinder young people’s search for greater openness to different forms of relationality and sexuality, both in their current lives and their future families.

5

Factors affecting the decision to change the family physician

70%

Topak N. Y., Demirci H.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2019

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issue 2

174-179

EN

Background. Some studies on the decision of patients to choose their primary healthcare physician demonstrate that the ability to choose their physician is associated with increased patient satisfaction, confidence in the doctor and quality healthcare. Objectives. The study was aimed at evaluating factors effecting the decision to change the family physician. Material and methods. In the study, a questionnaire was used to examine the socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals, and the EUROPEP scale was used to measure the satisfaction with primary health services. Moreover, the Individual Innovativeness Scale was used in order to evaluate the innovativeness of individuals. Results. In people who apply to change their family physician, satisfaction with the previous family physician was found to be 69%. Distance (52.7%), education (25.8%) and gender (16%) were declared as the most important reasons to change the family physician. An individual’s innovation seeking behavior did not affect on their decisions to change the physician. Conclusions. In the present study, patient satisfaction was lower than the results reported in previous studies. Distance, education and gender are at the forefront in family physician preference. Patients prioritize receiving service from trained family physicians. These issues should be taken into account while planning the future of family practice.

6

Construction of gender identities via satire: The case of Juvenal

70%

Zekavat M., Pourgiv F.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 1

EN

Many studies underscore the societal aspects of satire, yet its role in the construction of social subjects’ identities has been mostly ignored. Since satire has been ubiquitous in various cultures and epochs, and identity is also among the primary contemporary concerns in our globalised and multicultural world, the study of the role of satire in the construction of social subjects’ identities can prove to be significantly rewarding. Accordingly, this article aims to investigate how satire can contribute to the construction of gender identity in social subjects. It is proposed that opposition/otherness/difference is the common denominator between satire and gender identity. First, different theories of humour are surveyed to show that opposition is integral to satire. Then, it is conveyed that otherness and opposition are similarly essential in the construction of gender identity in both men and women. As opposition can be a common denominator on the axis of sex, satire can be among the determinants of gender identity construction. In the end, Juvenal’s Satire VI is explicated to further illustrate the theoretical argumentation. It is concluded that the opposition essential to satire can coalesce with the integral otherness in gender identity, hence to contribute to its construction.

7

„Ještě nepatřím do starého železa“ aneb paradoxy migrace péče z ČR do Rakouska.

70%

Kuchyňková A., Ezzeddine P.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2015

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vol. 16

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issue 2

30-41

EN

The paper focuses on the social situation and social practices of female care migrants (at the age of 50 and above) from the South Moravia (the region of Mikulov, Břeclav) who migrate for work to Austria as domestic workers-caregivers for seniors at regular intervals (circular migration). The main aim of the text is to argue that translocal female migrants paradoxically perceive their labour migration as a specific form of emancipation, despite the fact that they work in the so-called live-in-service jobs (where they live and work in private households) and often experience indignity. While in Austria they work in gendered and very demanding jobs with low wages, circular care migration provides them with the possibility to extend their gender power in the transforming Czech society. There is thus a paradox in that while they are marginalized in Austria, they are empowered on the Czech side of the border. This is achieved through paid reproductive work and better access to income, which leads to personal consumption based on their own interests and overall personal benefit. Special attention is paid to new forms of translocal care chains and new forms of these women’s partner cohabitation (living apart together).

8

"You’ve come a long way, baby:" the Evolution of Feminine Identity Models on the Example of Contemporary Language of Advertising

70%

Michna N. A.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2016

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issue 2(41)

99-118

EN

The article presents the evolution of the language of advertising from the 1960s to the present, presenting various images of women in advertising. Simultaneously a theoretical analysis has been carried out of the demands of second-wave feminism, which exerted significant influence on the creation of images of women in the mass media. The objective of our comparison of feminist theory with advertising practice is an attempt to answer the question of whether the present media image of women liberated from the binary sexual order and weighted towards the genderqueer and/or transgender phenomena is the desired realisation of the feminist demands for emancipation of and equality for women announced in the second half of the twentieth century.

9

„Kobietą być, to być kobietą” – piętno „niepełnosprawnej płci”1 w doświadczeniach kobiet z głębszą niepełnosprawnością intelektualną uczęszczających do środowiskowego domu samopomocy

70%

Jakubas A.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2015

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issue 10

89-110

EN

This article presents selected fragments of an analysis within a wider research project conducted for an unpublished master’s thesis, related to the question of gender identity of seven women with moderate to severe intellectual disability, attending an environmental self-care house. Selected fragments of conducted interviews exposed participants’ individual perceptions of femininity. Those results were then connected to a chosen conception of emancipation.

10

To "Hamlet" or Not to "Hamlet: Notes on an Arts Secondary School Students’ "Hamlet"

61%

Ciobanu E., Trifan Enache D.

Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance

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2020

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vol. 21

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issue 36

153-172

EN

This article discusses a 2018 theatrical production of Hamlet with Romanian teenage arts students, directed by one of the article’s authors, actress and academic Dana Trifan Enache. As an artist, she believes that the art of theatre spectacle depends pre-eminently on the actors’ enactment, and hones her students’ acting skills and technique accordingly. The other voice in the article comes from an academic in a cognate discipline within the broad field of arts and humanities. As a feminist and medievalist, the latter has investigated the political underside of representations of the body in religious drama, amongst others. The analytic duo reflects as much the authors’ different professional formation and academic interests as their asymmetrical positioning vis-à-vis the show as respectively the play’s director and one of its spectators. Their shared occupational investment, teaching to form and hone highly specialized professional skills, and shared object of professional interest (broadly conceived), text interpretation, account nevertheless for the possibility of fruitful interdisciplinary reflection on the 2018 Hamlet. This in-depth analysis of the circumstances of the performance and technical solutions it sought challenges stereotyped dismissals of a students’ Hamlet as superannuated, flimsy or gratuitously provocative. Furthermore, a gender-aware examination of the adaptation’s original handling of characters and scenes indicates unexpected cross-cultural and diachronic commonalities between the dramatic world of the 2018 Romanian production of Hamlet and socio-cultural developments emergent in pre-Shakespearean England.

11

Sexual orientation, gender identity and non-discrimination - The Albanian labor legislation and its effects on employment and vocational training potentials

61%

Shtylla A.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2013

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issue 07

157-168

EN

Albania is undergoing an important moment in its integration process to European Union. In this context, the Albanian legislation should compare with the best international standards, in guaranteeing the implementation of the rule of law, democratic principals, the citizen’s equity and the observance of fundamental human rights and freedoms. The promotion, protection and the guaranteeing of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual, including the LGBT person’s rights, must have the same attention and consideration, irrespective of the fact that the individual is being part of a social minor group, or part of the majority of the society. The community of the Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals and Transgender (LGBT) in Albania, based on the legislation in force, should enjoy equal rights and freedoms like all other members of the society. The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, the Albanian labour legislation and the legislation generally, are inspired in accordance with the non-discrimination principles, objectives and definitions of international acts, promoting and expressing protection of human rights and freedoms in general, and in particular in the field of employment and vocational training. This paper will analyze, if the sexual orientation, is one of the causes of discrimination for employment and vocational training, in Albanian legislation, especially how it is expressed this issue on the Constitution of the Republic of Albania, the Albanian Labour Code, the Albanian law “On the protection against discrimination” ect.

12

Dysforia płciowa u adolescentów i preadolescentów jako wyzwanie pedagogiczne

61%

Majcherek J. A.

Lubelski Rocznik Pedagogiczny

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2022

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vol. 41

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issue 2

145-158

EN

Introduction: In recent years in many countries, including Poland, there has been recorded a strong increase in the number of cases of disorders, diagnosed as gender dysphoria, among adolescents and preadolescents. This is not only a serious medical and psychotherapeutic problem, but also a pedagogical challenge. Research Aim: Research aim is to recognize and analyse needs and challenges generated for educators and preceptors by gender dysphoria that occurs in their preadolescent and adolescent pupils. Evidence-based Facts: There are not many evidence-based facts about gender dysphoria in Poland, but there are some of them in other countries, particularly in the USA. Their results can be used to anticipate the challenges faced by Polish educators. Summary: This disorder is in many cases temporary and transient, but very dangerous, because suicides, self harms and other kinds of behavioral disturbance among children and young people with this syndrome are several times more frequent than in the entire population. A main pedagogical challenge is to help them get through this growth phase and avoid discrimination by their peers. However, neither preparation for the transition nor providing assistance in bringing about the transition are pedagogical tasks.

PL

Wprowadzenie: W ostatnich latach notuje się wśród adolescentów i preadolescentów w wielu krajach, także w Polsce, silny wzrost liczby przypadków zaburzenia diagnozowanego jako dysforia płciowa. To problem nie tylko medyczny i psychoterapeutyczny, lecz także poważne wyzwanie pedagogiczne. Cel badań: Celem badań jest rozpoznanie i zanalizowanie rodzaju potrzeb i wyzwań pedagogicznych stwarzanych dla nauczycieli i wychowawców przez dysforię płciową u ich podopiecznych w wieku preadolescencyjnym i adolescencyjnym. Stan wiedzy: Badania zjawiska i problemu w Polsce są nieliczne, takowe są natomiast prowadzone w innych państwach, zwłaszcza w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Ich wyniki mogą być zastosowane do antycypacji wyzwań stających przed pedagogami polskimi. Podsumowanie: Zaburzenie to jest w większości przypadków przejściowe, ale nie mniej groźne, gdyż samobójstwa, samookaleczenia i inne formy zaburzeń zachowania u osób dotkniętych tą przypadłością są wielokrotnie częstsze niż w całej populacji. Główne wyzwanie pedagogiczne to udzielona im pomoc w przejściu tej fazy rozwoju i uniknięciu dyskryminacji ze strony rówieśników. Zadaniem pedagogicznym nie jest natomiast przygotowywanie do tranzycji ani udzielanie pomocy w doprowadzeniu do niej.

13

Podmiot transseksualny w kulturze – oswajanie, tragizm, tekstualizacja

53%

Kujawska-Kot A.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2019

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issue 31

312-342

EN

The article presents the issue of the representation of a transsexual subject’s experience in various discourses. Pointing to the need for dialogical openness, the author proposes a transdiscursive perspective on transsexuality. By referring to the literary and historical discourses, the author proves that transsexual characters are constantly present in culture, but there is lack of textological reflection on this issue in studies on transsexual individuals. The author puts forward the thesis that these transsexual characters are searching for hypotexts in which they can find confirmation of their internal gender identity. As a result, during the process of transistion, they externalize themselves through intertextual bodywriting. On the one hand, they textualize themselves, but on the other hand, they create textual narrations about themselves. They want to exist socially throughout the text. The article is an attempt to open up theoretical reflections on transsexuality.

14

Tożsamość płciowa w świetle badań bio‑psychologicznych – analiza, rekonstrukcja i dyskusja

51%

Bielas J., Jabłoński M.

Horyzonty Wychowania

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2014

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vol. 13

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issue 27

15-30

EN

The study considers the results of biologists’ efforts in their search for neuro-hormonal factors of gender identity with reference to the complexity of the issue of sex and gender in psychology as an anthropological science. Considering the theoretical and meta-theoretical multiplicity of the latter, as well as its vain empirical results the biological perspective may serve to verify the approaches used in the area of psychology sensu stricto. They may then shed some additional light on the question of gender identity. On the other hand though, they may themselves become an object to be analysed and assessed with regard to their cognitive value. In order to achieve this goal, the first part of the text presents an outline of the psychology of sex and gender underlying the main questions that lead the psychologists’ efforts in this research area. The second part presents the reconstructed issues in the perspective of biology as well as the discussion on the cognitive value of the perspective in question.

PL

Podstawowym zadaniem zawartych w tekście rozważań jest prezentacja stanu badań z zakresu biologicznych uwarunkowań tożsamości płciowej w odniesieniu do zróżnicowanej problematyki psychologii płci rozumianej jako dyscyplina antropologiczna. W obliczu teoretycznego i metateoretycznego zróżnicowania tej ostatniej oraz niejednoznaczności zgromadzonego na tym obszarze materiału empirycznego podejścia biologiczne mogą posłużyć za swego rodzaju weryfikację ujęć psychologicznych sensu stricto. W ten sposób mogą rzucić pewne dodatkowe światło na sprawę płciowości człowieka. Z drugiej strony jednak mogą przy tym same stać się przedmiotem analizy oraz oceny ich waloru poznawczego. W tym celu artykuł prezentuje najpierw zarys psychologicznej problematyki płci z jej zagadnieniami wiodącymi. W drugiej części natomiast przywołane zostają podejścia biologiczne oraz wnioski, które płyną z ich zastosowania.

15

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ПСИХОФИЗИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЖЕНЩИН В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЗАНЯТИЙ ОЗДОРОВИТЕЛЬНЫМ ШЕЙПИНГОМ НА ОСНОВЕ УЧЕТА ИХ ГЕНДЕРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ

51%

Врублевский Е., Скидан А.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2016

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issue 3(57)

83-93

EN

The objective of the research was to work out and experimentally substantiate the methodology of health-improving shaping activity for mature age women taking into account their gender identity. Methods: the analysis of methodological literature, pedagogical observations, pedagogical experiment, anthropometric measurements, methods of mathematical statistics. The results of the research give grounds for the statement that the application of shaping programs, based on the load differentiable distribution depending on gender types of women has a favorable effect on the women's physical development. The analysis of the data of girth sizes of the bodies derived in the end of the experiment revealed statistically reliable changes in the next indexes: chest, waistline, buttock girth, thigh and shoulder girths. Statistically reliable diminution is observed in the folds of fat indexes: at the top of belly, at the bottom of belly, at the top of back, at the bottom of back, on one side of a trunk, at back side of a hip, on one side of a hip, inside a hip and at front of a hip. Also, the valid decrease of general amount of fat and mass of body of the subjects is revealed. In the result of the research of women's psychological state positive changes are observed in all explored figures: psychical activation, interest, emotional tone, effort and comfort. The practical importance of the research consists in significant pedagogical and health-improving effectiveness of introduction and adaptation in the practice process women, doing shaping exercises as well as account of gender identity to improve and optimize the process of body correction and physical state normalization. The results can be applied in the work of shaping instructors at the stage of shaping groups formation, during planning and working out training shaping programs, for success and comfort in achievement of health-improving targets of mature age women. The resume is that the use of health-improving shaping methodology made it possible to optimize psychophysical state of mature age women. The possibility of working out training programs for women doing shaping exercises taking into account their gender identity is detected. Prospective of further inquiries consists in the study of the methodology of gender differentiation of the functional systems of women’s organism in the process of shaping activity.

16

Секс і кохання у ґендерному вимірі

51%

Bарикаша М.

Miscellanea Posttotalitariana Wratislaviensia

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2014

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vol. 2: Postkolonializm — tożsamość — gender. Europa Środkowa, Wschodnia i Południowo-Wschodnia

191 - 200

EN

In the present paper the discourse of sexuality in writers’ diaries of the 20th century is presented: how the authors wrote about love and passion, what the difference between masculine and feminine discourses was and what influenced the forming of these discourses. It was proved that women, due to their depressed sexuality in patriarchal society, perceived sexual attraction as a display of love and endowed it with mysticism which included the desirable and the forbidden, whereas men separated love from passion, wrote openly about sex, had a disrespectful attitude to their mistresses and tried to humiliate women who refused them.

17

Zmiana płci u dzieci jako wyzwanie dla prawa i społeczeństwa

51%

Kmieciak B.

Family Forum

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2016

|

issue 6

155-176

PL

Czy dziecko może zmienić płeć? Pytanie to może wywołać szok. Płeć jest przecież w sposób silny związana z rozwojem dziecka. Czy jednak wspomniany rozwój może być zaburzony? Podobne pytania stały się istotnym elementem dyskusji społecznej oraz prawnej, jaka miała miejsce w Polsce pod koniec 2015 r. W połowie października uchwalona została ustawa o uzgodnieniu płci. Dokument ten – wg jego twórców – miał w sposób kompleksowy rozwiązywać problemy i trudności, jakie doświadczają transseksualiści, w tym niepełnoletni transseksualiści. Temat zmiany płci u dzieci spotkał się z dużym zainteresowaniem. Zwolennicy ustawy zwracali uwagę, że dzieci powinny posiadać prawo do „zarządzania własną tożsamością”. Przeciwnicy omawianego dokumentu także powoływali się w swoich opiniach na ideę praw dziecka. Podkreślano, że „uzgadnianie płci dziecka” to działanie, które narusza jego godność. Ustawa o uzgodnieniu płci nie została wprowadzona do systemu polskiego prawa. Stała się ona jednak inspiracją do postawienia dwóch pytań: Czy w ostatnich latach pojawiły się nowe prawa dziecka? Czy walcząc o prawa dziecka – paradoksalnie – możemy naruszyć prawa dziecka?

EN

Can the child change his/her gender? This question can cause a shock. Sex is very strongly associated with the development of the child. Can this development be impaired? Similar questions have become an essential element of the social and legal discussion which took place in Poland at the end of 2015. In mid-October a gender agreement act was enacted. This document – according to its authors – was supposed, in a comprehensive manner, to solve problems and difficulties experienced by transsexuals, including underage transsexuals. The issue of sex change in children met with great interest. Proponents of the law pointed out that children should have the right to “manage their own identity.” Opponents of this document also cited in their opinions the idea of children’s rights. It was emphasized that “reconciliation of the sex of the child” is the action that violates his/her dignity. The gender agreement act has not been passed into the system of Polish law. However, it has become an inspiration to pose two questions: Have there been new rights of the child in the last years? Can we – paradoxically – during the fight for rights of the child violate these rights?

18

Problemy tożsamości płciowej i androgynii oraz ich rozumienie w dyskursie ponowoczesności na podstawie wybranych przykładów polskiej prozy po roku 1989

51%

Targosz D.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria

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2022

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vol. 22

343-356

EN

The essay is an attempt to sketch a panorama of representations of the body, corporeality and their relation to gender identity in prose written after 1989, a caesura of particular significance for corporeality. The text discusses literary images of gender identity on the basis of available studies that show the state of research in this field. The essay refers to the concept of the androgynous myth and also refers to the theories of the ‘opaque body’ and the ‘unwanted body’. The problematics contained in the text refer to the works of Olga Tokarczuk, Natasza Goerke, Izabela Filipiak and Andrzej Czcibor-Piotrowski, among others, which deal with the body-related gender identity. The study does not consider works that contain literary representations of gender identity that function in isolation from the body, but focuses on those that are central to the issues of corporeality. This stems from the assumption of the importance of the bodily experience in a literary work that should not only refer to the body, but also touch on the essence of humanity.

19

Postawy studentów wobec transpłciowości

51%

Czerwiec K., Leżucha M.

Społeczeństwo. Edukacja. Język

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2021

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vol. 14

187-213

EN

The aim of the research was to diagnose students’ attitudes towards transsexuality and to investigate whether students are aware of what transsexuality is. The study was conducted in the 2020/2021 academic year using a proprietary online survey among 300 students of two Polish universities (Pedagogical University in Krakow and the State University of Technology and Economics in Jarosław). The obtained results allow to conclude that students from larger urban agglomerations show a more favorable attitude towards the phenomenon of transsexuality and the negative perception of transsexuality is the result of the lack of awareness and sensitization of society to the problems faced by transsexual people.

PL

Celem badań była diagnoza postaw studentów wobec transpłciowości oraz zbadanie, czy studenci są świadomi tego czym jest transpłciowość. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone w roku akademickim 2020/2021 za pomocą autorskiej ankiety internetowej wśród 300 studentów dwóch polskich uczelni (Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie oraz Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Techniczno-Ekonomicznej w Jarosławiu). Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają stwierdzić, że studenci pochodzący z większych aglomeracji miejskich wykazują bardziej przychylny stosunek wobec zjawiska transpłciowości a negatywne postrzeganie transpłciowości jest wynikiem braku uświadomienia i uwrażliwienia społeczeństwa na problemy z jakimi borykają się osoby transpłciowe.

20

The limits of the boxing ring: Respect for sexual diversity in combat vs. non-combat sports in Spain

51%

Rodriguez-Sanchez A. R., Perrino Pena M., Channon A. G., Piedra J.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

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2023

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vol. 23

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issue 3

84-97

EN

Background. Tolerance towards sexual diversity is a key topic for contemporary research among sport studies scholars. This builds on decades of research which has consistently shown sports – and in particular, those with strong links to traditional ideals of masculinity – to be areas where gender and sexual minorities are excluded. Problem and aim. This paper aims to analyse attitudes towards sexual diversity among sportspeople in Spain, specifically investigating possible differences between practitioners of combat sports versus those practising other sports. Material and methods. The present study followed a transversal and descriptive design, where a survey technique was used to collect data on a sample consisting of 766 athletes (516 men and 250 women). The survey employed was the Attitudes towards Sexual Diversity in Sport scale, which measures levels of rejection of sexual diversity in sport, allowing for comparative analyses across populations.Results. Statistical analysis revealed that attitudes towards sexual diversity differed significantly according to age, sex, and participation in combat sports versus other sporting disciplines. Specifically, the highest degrees of rejection of sexual diversity are observed among males, people under 22 years of age, and sportspeople who do not practice combat sports. Conclusions. It appears that more open-minded and tolerant attitudes exist among combat sports practitioners than those of other sports, which contrasts with social stereotypes which suggest these sports are bastions of orthodox masculinity, homophobia, and exclusion. Further research into why this is the case is advocated, particularly given the observation that such tolerance is less well pronounced among younger sportspeople and males in particular.

PL

Tło. Tolerancja wobec różnorodności seksualnej jest kluczowym tematem współczesnych badań wśród naukowców zajmujących się studiami nad sportem, opierając się na dziesięcioleciach badań, które konsekwentnie pokazują, że sporty – a w szczególności te, które mają silne powiązania z tradycyjnymi ideałami męskości – są miejscami, w których wykluczane są mniejszości płciowe i genderowe. Problem i cel. Celem niniejszej pracy była analiza postaw wobec różnorodności seksualnej wśród sportowców w Hiszpanii, a w szczególności zbadanie ewentualnych różnic między osobami uprawiającymi sporty walki a osobami uprawiającymi inne dyscypliny. Materiał i metody. W niniejszym badaniu zastosowano projekt przekrojowy i opisowy, w którym wykorzystano technikę ankietową do zebrania danych na próbie składającej się z 766 sportowców (516 mężczyzn, 250 kobiet). Zastosowano skalę Attitudes towards Sexual Diversity in Sport, która mierzy poziom odrzucenia różnorodności seksualnej w sporcie, co pozwala na analizy porównawcze w różnych populacjach. Wyniki. Analiza statystyczna wykazała, że postawy wobec różnorodności seksualnej różniły się istotnie w zależności od wieku, płci oraz uczestnictwa w sportach walki i innych dyscyplinach sportowych. W szczególności, najwyższy stopień odrzucenia różnorodności seksualnej obserwuje się wśród mężczyzn, osób poniżej 22 roku życia oraz sportowców nie uprawiających sportów walki. Wnioski. Wydaje się, że wśród osób uprawiających sporty walki panują bardziej otwarte i tolerancyjne postawy niż wśród osób uprawiających inne dyscypliny, co kontrastuje ze stereotypami społecznymi sugerującymi, że sporty te są bastionami ortodoksyjnej męskości, homofobii i wykluczenia. Zalecane są dalsze badania nad przyczynami takiego stanu rzeczy, zwłaszcza biorąc pod uwagę obserwację, że tolerancja ta jest mniejsza wśród młodszych sportowców, a w szczególności mężczyzn.

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