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EN
The project focuses on connecting multidisciplinary specialists interested in research and healing of the transgenerational transmission of Holocaust trauma. A lot of untreated traumas from the collective catastrophe have been passed to the next generations. The aim is to exchange information and experience about this issue within the V4 countries and to bring new insights about healing of trauma for Jewish communities and for the specialists who work with this issue.
CS
Projekt se zaměřuje na propojení multidiscipli­nárních specialistů se zájmem o výzkum a léčení transgeneračního přenosu traumatu holocaustu. Mnoho neléčených traumat z kolektivních katastrof se přeneslo na další generace. Cílem je výměna informací a zkušeností o této problematice v rámci zemí V4 a přinášení nových poznatků o léčení traumat pro židovské komunity a pro odborníky, kteří se touto problematikou zabývají.
Umění (Art)
|
2019
|
vol. 67
|
issue 1-2
96-101
EN
When Group 42 held its first postwar exhibition in 1945, the initiator of the renewal of activity was the young theorist and art critic Jiří Kotalík. The members of the group, namely František Gross, František Hudeček, Jan Kotík, Kamil Lhoták, Jan Smetana, Karel Souček, Josef Kainar, Ivan Blatný and Jiří Kolář, were at that time exhibiting their drawings, watercolours and prints and reciting their poems in the Pošova Gallery in Prague. The exhibition was given a positive reception in the reviews of art critics. Jindřich Chalupecký, who was active in the establishment of Group 42 and in its first exhibitions in 1943, did not participate in the preparations for this exhibition. He waited to see if the members of the association would be able to appear again together in public. The successfully renewed activity of the group nevertheless evoked a reaction from him and in the course of the exhibition, in September 1945, he sent an extensive letter to Jiří Kotalík and all members of the association. In it he analyses the position of the group in the Czech art scene and deals with the basic question of whether to continue. He considers Group 42 to be an elite association, the only one that is modern and stands out from the rest. He recommends maintaining the activity of the group and also its exclusivity. He formulates the programme of the association with the aid of critical questions to which he also supplies the answers. He even foresees the future of Group 42, which he felt should become a centre for further artists. In conclusion he also plans a great retrospective exhibition and the publication of an extensive monograph. In the end these great plans came to nothing. The group organised further exhibitions in Bratislava and in Brno. But this was followed by gradual disintegration and after 1948 Group 42 vanished completely.
CS
Když v roce 1945 uspořádala Skupina 42 svou první poválečnou výstavu, stál u obnovení činnosti mladý teoretik a výtvarný kritik Jiří Kotalík. Členové skupiny, jmenovitě František Gross, František Hudeček, Jan Kotík, Kamil Lhoták, Jan Smetana, Karel Souček, Josef Kainar, Ivan Blatný a Jiří Kolář, tehdy vystavili v Pošově galerii v Praze své kresby, akvarely a grafiky a recitovali své básně. Výstava získala pozitivní odezvu v recenzích výtvarných kritiků. Jindřich Chalupecký, který stál u vzniku Skupiny 42 a u jejích prvních výstav v roce 1943, se příprav této výstavy nezúčastnil. Vyčkával, jestli spolu členové sdružení dokáží znovu veřejně vystoupit. Úspěšně obnovená aktivita skupiny přece jen vyvolala jeho reakci a ještě během trvání výstavy v září roku 1945 poslal Jiřímu Kotalíkovi a všem členům sdružení obsáhlý dopis. V něm rozebírá pozici skupiny v českém uměleckém prostředí a řeší základní otázku, zda pokračovat. Skupinu 42 považuje za elitní, jedinou moderní a vymykající se od ostatních. Doporučuje udržet činnost skupiny i její výjimečnost. Program sdružení formuluje pomocí kritických otázek, na které si však zároveň odpovídá. Předpovídá dokonce budoucnost Skupiny 42, která se má stát centrem pro další umělce. Závěrem plánuje velkou retrospektivní výstavu a vydání obsáhlé monografie. Z velkých plánů nakonec sešlo. Skupina uspořádala ještě výstavy v Bratislavě a Brně. Dále už následoval postupný rozpad a po roce 1948 Skupina 42 zanikla úplně.
EN
The article presents an analysis of a number of Czech performances from the years 2007–2013 on the topic of the communist era and reflecting on the changes that have occurred over the past 25 years. Selected directors belong to three generations of artists: the ones already creating in the 1960s, the ones debuting just before or just after the Velvet Revolution and the ones beginning their career in 2000. The comparison of performances produced within a short time clearly shows the differences, both aesthetic and ideological, in the method of recognizing similar issues by the authors growing up in a completely different socio-political conditions. Works of the oldest generation, using conventional theatrical means, reveal the strongest judgmental tendencies, the need to show the ambiguous choices in black and white colors. The average generation contend with the legend of past years, asking difficult questions about the impact of the past on the shape of collective identity. The youngest generation, however, intentionally emphasize that their knowledge about communism is mediated, which encourages them to analyze the history and memory of their families in search of their own roots.
EN
In November 1989 various theater groups participated in overthrowing the totalitarian regime by improvising discussion forums. After the so-called Velvet Revolution, it was the writer and playwright Václav Havel who became head of state while another playwright, Milan Uhde, became the Minister of Culture and Speaker of the Parliament. Nowadays the Czech theater scene is immensely diversified. We can divide the authors who began writing their dramas after 1989 into two generational groups. On the one hand, there are authors born in 1960–1970, who entered the post-totalitarian times already as mature adults and who at the moment have long experience in their artistic work as playwrights, actors or directors (it is quite common that those people write and direct their own work). On the other, there is a younger group which is made of people who were still children during the communist era, and their artistic activity was shaped and took place in most recent years. We are talking about a generation of artists who share a common experience of totalitarianism in childhood and adolescence, as well as the difficult transition between the two systems: communist and capitalist.
EN
Tracking the family lineage is a complicated part of psychological research. The project titled Expulsion, uprooting, and change of lifeline-intergenerational study investigates the psychological impact of the communist secret police terror in Czechoslovakia (so-called Action “Asanace”), following the cumulation of research and therapeutic experience with transgenerational trauma. It focuses on the generation of the primary victims, dissidents forced to leave their homeland between 1977-84, as well as the 2nd and 3rd generation of their offspring, some of whom live abroad. It aims to understand the transition of trauma, resilience, and posttraumatic growth using several methods (focus groups, in-depth interviews, surveys, Modified Stroop Test). We shall examine transformations of the traumatic situation in time and its aftermath in the family lineage. Besides standard research papers, the authors plan a monograph.
CS
Sledování lidských rodů je složitou součástí psychologického zkoumání. Projekt Vyhnání, vykořenění a změna životní linie - mezigenerační studie se zabývá psychologickými dopady aktu zvůle komunistické tajné policie v Československu, tzv. akce Asanace. Projekt navazuje na kumulující se zkušenost s transgeneračním traumatem. Zaměřuje se na generaci přímých účastníků, disidentů, kteří byli nuceni opustit svoji zem v letech 1977-1984, dále na potomky - druhou a třetí generaci, kteří v některých případech žijí v zahraničí. Pomocí čtyř druhů metod (fokusové skupiny, hloubkové rozhovory, dotazníkové metody, modifikovaný Stroopův test) se snaží porozumět transgenerační transmisi traumatu, zkoumá vedle traumatické situace také resilienci a posttraumatický růst. Zajímáme se o to, jak se traumatická situace transformuje v průběhu let, co přináší do pokračující rodové linie. Vedle standardních výzkumných článků plánují autoři také shrnující monografii na toto téma.
EN
The aim of the article is to gain a more comprehensive insight into the Czech collective memory of the Second World War. The article suggests that vivid collective representations of the Second World War are formed by family memory as well as by generational memory. On the example of four generations, the article shows the transformation of a national narrative of persecution and resistance of the oldest generation into an abstracted and generalized narrative of the youngest generation. Attention is paid to family recollections, their importance for the creation of the war memory by older generations, and their gradual disappearance from younger generations. The article documents the change of the perspective with which the youngest generation remembers the Second World War and stresses the emotional engagement of remembering. It argues that holocaust memory is well included into the Czech collective memory but in a new form shaped by the new culture of remembering.
CS
Cílem studie je porozumět lépe české kolektivní paměti druhé světové války. Studie předpokládá, že živé kolektivní představy o druhé světové válce jsou formovány rodinnou pamětí, stejně jako pamětí generační. Na příkladu čtyř generací studie ukazuje proměnu národního narativu perzekuce a odporu nejstarší generace až k abstraktizované a generalizované podobě narativu druhé světové války v nejmladší generaci. Pozornost je věnována rodinným vzpomínkám, jejich důležitosti pro formování představy o válce u starších generací a postupnému vytrácení rodinných příběhů z pamětí generací mladších. Studie dokládá změnu perspektivy, s níž se nejmladší generace vztahuje ke druhé světové válce a podtrhuje důležitost emocionálního rámce vzpomínání příslušníků této generace. Čelné místo v představě o druhé světové válce nejmladších generací zaujímá holokaust, ovšem v podobě, jež je diktována novou kulturou vzpomínání.
EN
The development of a professional network, as well as long-standing disputes, among the most prominent representatives of Czech modernism at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries — F. X. Šalda on the one hand, and Arnošt Procházka and the Moderní revue (especially Jiří Karásek) on the other — can be traced through several stages. First, 1893–1895, a period of mutual curiosity and emerging factions, from the earliest meeting up to the formal manifestation of Česká moderna, which was preceded by the establishment of the Moderní revue as first independent literary platform of the 1890s. Second, 1895–1900, a period in which various trends converged in the connection of art to life and society, and in a confrontation with other emerging, alternative concepts of modernism, namely Synthetism. Third, 1900–1910, a period that looks back, from the strata of generational polemics, culminating in the controversy surrounding Šalda’s pseudonyms, to the accusation of Karásek in what has come to be known as the anonymous letters affair. Fourth, 1910–1925, when each side declared hostility towards, or simply ignored, the other’s role in Czech modernism, from the conclusion of the anonymous letters affair to Procházka’s death. This study focuses in particular on the two initial periods, on the roots of the polemic, and on key moments in the 1890s: that is, on the onset and gradual differentiation of modernist literary creation and criticism in all its forms, on the transformations and extremes of the polemic as the example of a genre whose essence is dialogue and misunderstanding in equal parts. While the polemic is often rife with personal attacks, it also tends to crystallize in a mirror that reveals the collisions and transformations of Czech modern aesthetic thinking, and that illuminates connections and transitions in the field of literary and cultural production.
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