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„W cieniu madame się zrazu chował, a potem ją monsieur zluzował”. Rosyjskie wychowanie szlacheckich dzieci w I połowie XIX wieku

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Wilk A. N.
Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog
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2014
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issue 4
217-226
EN
In the first half of 19th century in Russia, being a child of parents from upper class, was not enough to earn the name of true nobleman. It was only a beginning of the arduous process. From the cradle the offspring was taught that the aristocrat should excel in courage, Western manners and languages, general education, artistic talents and athletics. A true Russian nobleman could not differ in any way from his Western European counterpart. In this paper we analyze the childhood reminiscences of Alexander Pushkin as well as his works understood as an example of the influence of the Western model  of upbringing on the personality and development of a Russian noble’s child.
RU
In the first half of 19th century in Russia, being a child of parents from upper class, was not enough to earn the name of true nobleman. It was only a beginning of the arduous process. From the cradle the offspring was taught that the aristocrat should excel in courage, Western manners and languages, general education, artistic talents and athletics. A true Russian nobleman could not differ in any way from his Western European counterpart. In this paper we analyze the childhood reminiscences of Alexander Pushkin as well as his works understood as an example of the influence of the Western model  of upbringing on the personality and development of a Russian noble’s child.
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„Wychowawca! O jakaż wzniosła musi to być dusza!” Prywatne guwernantki dziewcząt w czasach stanisławowskich

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Kowalczyk M. E., Janicka J.
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
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2018
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issue 39
19-34
EN
In Stanislaw August Poniatowski’s time, the upbringing and education of wealthy noblewomen were commonly entrusted to foreign governesses. There was a strong conviction in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that command of foreign languages was the foundation of proper and careful upbringing of young women. Many parents were not discerning clients when it came to selecting a governess. Oftentimes, foreign origin sufficed. As a result of attaching so much importance to command of foreign languages accompanied by acquiring foreign manners, costumes and customs, young Polish women grew indifferent to their mother tongue, native culture and traditions. There was also a lack of sense of responsibility for the country’s future.
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