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EN
The paper New Data for Research on the Cuiavian Strongholds from Mietlica and Borkowo concerns issues of archaeology and the protection of monuments. It briefly discusses the state of hitherto research and knowledge on the strongholds in Mietlica and Borkowo. Then there follows a thorough analysis of aerial photographs (made by Łukasz Oliwkowski) of both these defensive premises. e discussion is separately completed with data acquired in consequence of subsequent surveys of the strongholds in Mietlica and Borkowo, carried out in the years 2007–2014. In the case of the castrum in Mietlica, the aerial photos and field surveys allowed for the recording of traces of the area in front of the rampart, the moat and the gate. Furthermore, a putative course of the eastern rampart (now levelled) of this premise was identified. In the case of the stronghold in Borkowo, it was possible not only to record its shape (the premise is two thirds destroyed) but also to propose a daring supposition concerning the vicinity of this Early Medieval stronghold. Based on aerial photographs, it was possible to state that the stronghold was accompanied with a suburbium to the south-east. All these pieces of information seem to be relevant from the point of view of possible excavations at both sites in future. At the same time, this data should also be of significance from the point of view of the heritage protection service and the protection of the discussed strongholds.
EN
The partially destroyed gord in Rogoźno has not been well explored archaeologically. The only excavations at the site were conducted by J. Delekta in the beginning of the 30s of the previous century. They had an interventional character and were conducted due to the washing of the south-east part of the gord together with the dyke during river Wełna engineering, where the gord had been built. Research was principally limited to the description of the occurrent destruction, with a very sketchy description of the exposed cultural layers, as well as to collecting a small set of moveable sources. On the basis of the collected pieces of pottery, J. Delekta assumed that the gord had been created before the 10th century. A similar chronology (phase C of the early Middle Ages) was assumed for the gord in Rogoźno in the post-war studies, and in the recent ones – phase D0 of the early Middle Ages. In the last quarter of 2019, when an electrical wire was being laid down in the close vicinity to the gord, 4 oaken beams were excavated from the construction of the dyke ruined before war (including 2 with characteristic “hooks”). From these beams, samples were taken in order to date them with the use of dendrochronological methods. The analysis revealed that the beams were obtained after the year 900, most probably in 914, which was indicated by one of the samples with yearly dating. It should be therefore assumed that the construction of the stronghold and its further functioning should be connected with the beginnings of the formation of the state of the first Piasts. This process began around the year 900 and continued until the middle of the 19th century within the Gniezno region and its adjoining areas, hence also in the Rogoźno region.
EN
The goal of this article is to show the narration contexts in which a medieval author set strongholds by referring to the following terms: oppidum, castrum or urbs, castellum, possibly civitas. I highlight the frequency with which selected medieval writers mentioned one centre or another. In the article I ponder a question if selected chroniclers’ narrations could indicate a regularity which helps to establish the function performed by a stronghold for the benefit of its ruler accounted most frequently.
PL
The article discusses the issue of stoneware in the time of the Grzybowo stronghold’s operations. Special emphasis has been placed on imports and contacts between the stronghold’s communities and various distant areas, ruled by the Piast dynasty and others.
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EN
Abstract: The collection of combs from the stronghold in Santok is a set which varies in stylistic and formal terms, including products dated from the first half of the 9th century to the 13th century. A detailed analysis of the set of combs enabled changes in comb production over several hundred years to be identified and, on the other hand, helped to examine cultural links and methods of contacts which the residents of Santok maintained during this period.
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