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Turyzm
|
2017
|
vol. 27
|
issue 1
65-74
EN
This article is focused on selected aspects of the economic ‘fate’ of Tourism and Recreation graduates of the University of Łódź (UŁ). Its aim is to seek answers to the question: ‘What determines graduate employment?’ Surveys conducted by the Career Office of University of Łódź among graduates one year after graduation in 2014, 2015 and 2016 are the empirical basis. Tourism and Recreation graduates were compared with others from the Faculty of Geographical Sciences UŁ. The logistic regression technique was used to predict the status of graduate employment based on independent variables. The strongest predictors of graduate employment were structural and institutional characteristics. The quantitative results were interpreted in the context of the modern role of universities.
PL
W artykule podjęte zostały rozważania dotyczące przygotowania absolwentów studiów pedagogicznych (nienauczycielskich) do sprawczych społecznie działań. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono stosowne wyjaśnienia terminologiczne, następnie dokonano analizy wyników badań własnych a dotyczących szacowania przez pedagogów - praktyków ich przygotowania uzyskanego w toku studiów w uczelniach wyższych do realizowania sprawczych społecznie działań, w części końcowej zamieszczone zostały propozycje zmian w systemie kształcenia pedagogów, które mogą służyć efektywniejszemu ich przygotowaniu do sprawczych społecznie działań.
EN
The article raises the issue of preparation of graduates of pedagogical (non-teacher training) studies for socially agentive activities. In the first place the applied terminological explanations have been given, then an analysis of the results of the author’s own research concerning the assessment by practicing educators of their preparation gained at university studies to perform socially agentive activities have been made, in the final part suggestions of changes in the educator training system, which can make their preparation for socially agentive activities more effective, have been presented.
PL
While designing curriculums the university takes into account educational needs of stakeholders and confronts them with the demand for labour on the market. Achieving a high level of competencies by the graduate of the higher school increases their chances of being employed. The purpose of this article is to verify the graduates’ competencies with the employers’ expectations while making decisions in the recruitment processes. The result of the analysis is the finding that the employers’ demand for employees’ skills is justified in the supply of graduates’ competencies on the labour market.
EN
Foreign language competences belong to the employers’ essential requirements set for workforce. The enhancement of acquired competences and the acquisition of new ones form a part of higher education. In the paper employability of the graduates of the Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences in the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra on the European labour market has been analysed. The graduates completed their study in the years 2007-2011. A questionnaire was used to survey 300 graduates by the 30th June 2011, out of which 103 responded. The Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences prepares professionals in the fields of biotechnology, food technology, applied biology, hygiene and food safety. Input data have been evaluated by the methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison. In relation to the mathematical-statistical methods used, the input data have been classified according to the qualitative and statistical characteristics and evaluated by the association tables and graphs. We have come to the conclusion that foreign language competences are actively used by 43% of the respondents in different sectors of national economy, and the dominant foreign language is English. Within half a year after graduation 74% of respondents who had taken part in student mobilities, and 48% of respondents who did not participate in them, found jobs on the labour market. The time of getting the first job is influenced not only by knowledge, working skills and other competencies but also by current job vacancies.
EN
The creation of knowledge-based economy and cooperation in the conditions of globalization and economic integration led to changes in the labour market, which in turn led to changes in the situation of higher education in Poland. Adjusting teaching offer of Polish universities to demands of employers put on their future employees represents an embodiment of educational aspirations of future employees. The aim of this paper is to compare the processes of change which take place in the structure of fields of study at universities with changes visible on the labour market in Poznań and Greater Poland region. The study points the changes that occurred in the structure of specializations chosen by students, and in the structure of a functioning of labour market, and then focuses on the analysis of the intensity, speed and stability of the process of adaptation of these structures in 2008-2014.
EN
The article examines the influence of the social status of university graduates in the Czech Republic on their situation in post-mass higher education. More specifically, it tests the validity of hypotheses concerning the impact of family background, income level, reselection of the field of study, and the extent of saturation of prestigious fields (medicine, law) with individuals from elite backgrounds by applying the socio-economic status (SES) concept and the theory of maximally maintained inequality. The hypotheses are tested on the Graduate 2018 survey dataset. The research results confirm the persistent importance of parents' education on graduates' SES. The income security of graduates affects their life satisfaction to a certain degree but has no effect on the reselection of their field of study. The results also show the above-average saturation of medical and legal disciplines by graduates with elite status.
EN
Knowledge-based economy and cooperation in the conditions of globalisation and the economic integration result in shifts in the job market, which became the cause of development in higher education in Poland. Suitability of the offer of Polish universities to the demands of future employers represents an embodiment of the educational aspirations of future employees. The aim of the article is to analyse the processes that occur in the structure of the studies at universities in correlation to the changes visible on the labour market in individual voivodeships. The study shows the changes that took place in the structure of the education fields chosen by students as well as in the structure of the labour market. It uses measures for structural analyses and examines the intensity, rate and stability of the adaptation of these structures in the years 2008–2014. The study shows differences in the characteristics of adaptive processes in the fields of study and structure of labour markets in voivodeships in Poland.
EN
Many studies describing the transition from school to work focus on national patterns of labour market entry and in so doing, they often simplify the complex transition processes and job finding requirements involved. Our paper sets out to look at some transition obstacles and paths from higher education to the labour market from the graduates’ point of view as expressed during a recent event held at LBUS. We hold that in Romania the first job upon education is hampered by graduates across all disciplines having no or little work-based experience, thus marking national transition patterns/pathways as less compatible with those in other European countries.
EN
Objectives: The aim of the article is to present a proposal for a ranking of public universities in Poland, taking into account the position of their graduates on the labour market. Research Design & Methods: Three reflective indicators were used to create the ranking: average time (in months) from obtaining a diploma to taking up the first job under a contract of employment by graduates; the relative unemployment rate of graduates in the fifth year after graduation among graduates with no work experience prior to graduation; the relative wage rate of graduates in the fifth year after graduation among graduates with no pre-graduation work experience. The structure of three indicators has been based on zero-unitarisation. Findings: The leading universities in the ranking were technical and economic universities. Their 2014 graduates (in all the variety of fields of study offered by these universities) found a job relatively quickly – i.e. within five years of obtaining their diploma – as well as experienced less than average unemployment in the poviats of their residence and their earnings were higher than the average in the poviats of their residence. Implications / Recommendations: It is advisable to continue research on the methodology of creating academic rankings (including reflective indicators). In this regard, it is worth taking into account possibly large – but at the same time homogeneous – research samples. Contribution / Value Added: Extended research on how to create academic rankings (in particular devoted to study candidates). Article classification: research article JEL classification: A23, I23
EN
The graduates’ startup formation process represents a possible future role for universities in the form of active-participation, when speaking of the regional development. Tracking the path of entrepreneurial graduates who are moving between home, university, and employment, allows us to identify the specific motives that determine their migration decisions. The choice of location of graduate entrepreneurs is naturally affected by the context of their home region, as the availability of resources leads to a rising entrepreneurial intention. Similarly, the location of the startups flourish in densely populated urban regions, as well as in wealthier locations. At the same time, the vibrancy of the local entrepreneurial ecosystems is enhanced through mutual exchange and collaboration; and the higher the number of startups already present in a region, the higher the probability becomes for interaction and creativity. A leading tendency, not least to be mentioned, is that the preference to start new businesses is connected to highly-skilled creative sectors of the economy.
EN
This article presents to the reader the situation of Polish graduates, in particular with regards to the problem of unemployment. It shows the scale of the problem and suggestions for ways to deal with the lack of work. It also discusses the size and role of the MSMEs in eliminating unemployment. For this purpose, it explains the procedure of establishing enterprises and lists institutions providing money for start-ups. The article questions the effectiveness of this method. In the following part it discusses the role of informed choice between different kinds of high schools in reducing the level of unemployment among graduates. Finally, it also questions the value of a master’s degree. The author states that there is a mismatch between the structure of education and the needs of the market.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty badań dotyczących losów zawodowych absolwentów szkół wyższych na rynku pracy na przykładzie Wydziału Nauk Ekonomicznych (WNE) Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego (UWM). Analizy prowadzono między innymi pod kątem: czasu po jakim podjęli pracę, zgodności zatrudnienia z kierunkiem i specjalnościąstudiów, branży i wielkości podmiotów, w których znaleźli zatrudnienie, oraz zajmowanych stanowisk. Podstawą wnioskowania były studia literaturowe oraz dane zawarte wraportach instytucji centralnych i wojewódzkich. Na podstawie zgromadzonego materiału empirycz-nego, kierując się subiektywnym osądem jakości kształcenia przejawiającym się w radzeniu sobie absolwentów WNE UWM na rynku pracy, można wystawić im ogólną ocenę dobrą: 40% byłych studentów „znalazło” bowiem pracę w okresie do sześciu miesięcy, 80% wyko-nuje pracę zgodną z kierunkiem studiów, dla 90% jest to praca w formie stałej umowy oraz blisko co piąty po trzech latach pracy zajmuje stanowisko kierownicze.
EN
This article presents the results of the research on the professional fate of selected gra-duates on the labour market on an example of the Faculty of Economic Sciences of the University of Warmia and Mazury. Analyzes were conducted, among others in terms of time the graduates took a job, the compatibility of employment with the field and specialty of the study, the trade and the size of the business entity in which they found the job and the occupied position. The basis of the conclusions were literature studies and data included in the reports of central and provincial institutions. On the basis of the gathered empirical evidence, in the subjective judgment of the quality of education manifested in managing graduates on the labor market, it is possible to give a good mark in general, because 40% of graduates found a job in six months after studying, 80% of them work according to the field of study, 90% of them have a permanent contract of employment and close to every fifth graduate has a managerial position after three years working.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań „Bilans Kapitału Ludzkiego”, które pokazują wpływ jakości wykształcenia na sytuację absolwentów na rynku pracy. Prowadzone analizy wskazu-ją, że jakość wykształcenia mierzona prestiżem uczelni ma znaczenie w określaniu pozycji absolwentów na rynku pracy. Absolwenci prestiżowych uczelni częściej podejmują pracę, rzadziej są bezrobotnymi, częściej pracują na umowę o pracę, częściej posiadają firmy i zajmują wysokie pozycje zawodowe. Absolwenci tych uczelni odczuwają też wyższy po-ziom zadowolenia z pracy oraz mają znacznie wyższe zarobki. Przeprowadzone analizy po-kazały, że im wyższa ranga ukończonej uczelni, tym lepsza sytuacja absolwentów na rynku pracy.
EN
The article presents results of researches of Human Capital Balance. They determine the influence of education level on graduates’ position on job market. The analisys which are carried out indicate that quality of education that is measured by the prestige of universities has got the significance of determining the level of graduates on job market. Graduates of prestigius universities take more often jobs, they are less often jobless, they more often work on contract of service, they more often have firms, and they take high professional positions. Graduates of these universities have got higher level of satisfaction of their job and they earn more, too. The analisis which had been carried out showed that the more the rank of university that the better situtation of graduates on job market.
PL
Osoby młode do 34. roku życia, w tym także absolwenci, napotykają znaczne problemy na rynku pracy. Przejście z edukacji do pracy niejednokrotnie wiąże się ze żmudnym i długotrwa-łym poszukiwaniem pracy oraz doświadczeniem bezrobocia. Osoby w wieku 18–34 lat stanowią ponad 50% wszystkich zarejestrowanych w województwie podkarpackim osób bezrobotnych. Identyfikacja wymagań i oczekiwań pracodawców wobec młodych osób wchodzących na rynek pracy staje się zatem kluczowym zagadnieniem związanym z analizą trudnej sytuacji absolwen-tów na rynku pracy. Stąd w realizowanym przez Wojewódzki Urząd Pracy w Rzeszowie bada-niu pn. „Pracodawcy Podkarpacia” sformułowano problem badawczy dotyczący rozpoznania opinii pracodawców o absolwentach różnych typów szkół zatrudnianych przez pracodawców publicznych i prywatnych. 86% pracodawców objętych badaniem nie jest zainteresowanych zatrudnieniem absolwenta, bez względu na to, jaki jest jego poziom wykształcenia. Z drugiej strony oczekiwania pracodaw-ców wobec pracowników związane są przede wszystkim z posiadaniem przez nich doświadczenia zawodowego oraz wiedzy i umiejętności praktycznych przydatnych na stanowisku pracy. 30% pracodawców, którzy przyjęli w 2011 roku do pracy absolwentów różnego typu szkół, pozytywnie oceniało wiedzę teoretyczną zatrudnionych. Niemal równie często wybierano jako cechę pozytywną gotowość do podnoszenia kwalifikacji (28%), nieco rzadziej wskazywa-no, że przyjęte do pracy osoby mają odpowiednie wykształcenie (21%). Wśród cech najczęściej wybieranych pojawiają się również: kreatywność i pomysłowość (16%) oraz znajomość obsługi komputera (15%). Odpowiednie wykształcenie oraz wiedza teoretyczna również należały do najczęściej wybieranych pozytywnych cech absolwentów podczas drugiej fali badania przepro-wadzonej w 2012 roku.
EN
Young people, up to 34 years of age, as well as graduates face significant problems on the la-bour market. The transition from education to work often involves tedious and lengthy job search and lots of them faces unemployment. People aged 18–34 years old represent more than 50% of all registered unemployed persons in podkarpackie region. That is why identification of require-ments and the expectations of employers to young people entering the labour market is therefore becoming a key issue related to the analysis of graduates on the labour market. Hence in the Voivodeship Labour Office in Rzeszów study there was a research problem formulated to main-tain and conduct diagnosis on public and private employers opinions about graduates of the differ-ent types of schools. 86% of the employers surveyed are not interested in hiring a graduate. No matter what is the level of education of graduate. On the other hand, the expectations of employers to employees primarily are associated with having their professional experience and the knowledge and practical skills related to the specific workplace. 30% of employers who have employed in 2011 various types of graduate schools positively assess theoretical knowledge. The same share of employers assessed as positive up-skilling ability (28%), slightly less pointed out that the working people have appropriate education (21%). Among the most popular features also appear: creativity and ingenuity (16%) and computer literacy (15%). Appropriate education and theoretical knowledge also belonged to the most popular positive features of graduates during the second wave of a study carried out in 2012.
PL
Masowość oraz instrumentalizacja wszystkich rodzajów wyższych studiów jest bezdyskusyj-nym faktem, podobnie jak faktem społecznym jest roszczeniowa i zmitologizowana ideologia edukacyjna kształtująca świadomość potoczną i dyskurs publiczny w obszarze relacji między kształceniem na poziomie wyższym i sytuacją absolwentów na rynku pracy. Równocześnie coraz wyraźniejsze są objawy nasycenia rynku pracy ludźmi posiadającymi dyplomy, przy dobitnie artykułowanym przez pracodawców zapotrzebowaniu na umiejętności pracowników na ogół nie-wymagające kształcenia na poziomie wyższym, a zwłaszcza uniwersyteckim. Absolwenci wyż-szych uczelni mają trudności ze znalezieniem pracy odpowiadającej ich oczekiwaniom ukształto-wanym przez swoistą mitologię wyższego wykształcenia. Jak postrzegają przyczyny tych trudności absolwenci polskich uczelni z różnych roczników? Na ile odzwierciedlają się w ich świadomości niektóre ze współczesnych mitów edukacyjnych dotyczące przyczyn trudności absolwentów na rynku pracy? Te i inne jeszcze, bardziej szczegółowe pytania zainspirowały przeprowadzone wiosną 2012 r. badanie socjologiczne wśród absolwentów wyższych uczelni mieszkających i pracujących w mieście średniej wielkości. Rezultaty badania przeprowadzonego techniką wywiadu kwestionariuszowego – na próbie celowej, kontrolowanej pod względem płci i grup wiekowych – ukazały demograficzne (także pokoleniowe) zróżnicowanie postrzegania przyczyn obecnych trudności na rynku pracy oraz roszczeniowe obciążenie świadomości edukacyjnej w zakresie wyższego wykształcenia.
EN
Massification of all types of higher education and imparting them mainly an instrumental character are the indisputable facts. Furthermore, the social fact is that collective consciousness and public discourse are shaped by the claims emerging on the base of a mythicized educational ideology within the area of relations between the higher education and the difficult situation of graduates on the labour market. At the same time more and more clear are the symptoms of labour market saturation with relatively young people with higher schools diplomas and the employers articulate clearly their needs for such employees’ skills which in general have no cause and affect relation to higher (especially university) education. The graduates have difficulties with getting a job corresponding to their expectations shaped by an educational ideology. How the reasons of these difficulties are perceived by the graduates from different years? To what extent some of the contemporary educational myths relating to the labour market difficulties are reflected in their collective consciousness? These and still others, more detailed questions had inspired a sociological research carried out in the spring 2012 among graduates living and working in an average-sized town. The results of the research, conducted with the use of the structured questionnaire interview on purposive sample controlled with regard to sex and age, have showed demographic (also generational or historical) differentiation in perceiving the reasons of the present labour market difficulties, as well as same impact of specific mythology of higher education on collective consciousness.
EN
The study is a reflection on the effectiveness of marketisation of higher education in the area of preparing future graduates to function in the realities of dynamic changes in the labour market. The offer of universities should be adapted to the needs of the labour market, which is constantly changing. Attention should be paid to the need for cooperation between the labour market and the education market, because only such a relationship seems to bring measurable benefits to the individual, the complementary education and work system.
PL
Opracowanie stanowi refleksję na temat efektywności urynkowienia szkolnictwa wyższego w obszarze przygotowania przyszłych absolwentów do funkcjonowania w realiach dynamicznych zmian rynku pracy. Oferta uczelni wyższych powinna być dostosowana do zapotrzebowania rynku pracy, który permanentnie się zmienia. Należy zwrócić uwagę na potrzebę współpracy rynku pracy z rynkiem edukacji, gdyż tylko taka relacja wydaje się przynieść wymierne korzyści dla jednostki i wzajemnie uzupełniającego się systemu edukacji i pracy.
EN
The main goal of the article is to analyse and to evaluate demand and supply determinants of young people’s economic activity. In the paper at fi rst demand and supply condition of situation of graduates and young people were analysed and after an attempt to explain the situation of graduates was undertaken basing on selected contemporary theories of economic discrimination. Results of research on wage expectations of young people in comparison to the average monthly net salaries in Poland and Wielkopolskie Voivodship were presented with years 2007, 2011 and 2012.
PL
Obecnie wskazuje się na specyficzną i trudną sytuację studentów i absolwentów na rynku pracy. Z jednej strony dlatego, że sytuacja na rynku pracy w poszczególnych branżach zmienia się bardzo dynamicznie – co sprawia, że młodzi ludzie mają problem z racjonalnym planowaniem. Z drugiej strony można zauważyć, iż nieustannie wzrastają wymagania stawiane młodym osobom przez pracodawców, przez co młodzi ludzie czują presję i zagubienie. Jako że podstawową rolą edukacji jest przygotowanie młodych ludzi do wejścia na rynek pracy, system edukacji powinien uwzględniać dynamiczne zmiany zachodzące na rynku pracy i przygotowywać studentów i absolwentów do radzenia sobie z tymi turbulencjami – zarówno w zakresie szybkości zmian zachodzących w gospodarce i na rynku pracy, jak i w zakresie zmieniających się wymagań pracodawców. Artykuł przedstawia rolę edukacji wyższej oraz aspekty efektywnego przygotowania studentów i absolwentów do wejścia na rynek pracy z uwzględnieniem dynamicznych zmian zachodzących na tym rynku.
EN
Nowadays people speak about very specific and difficult situation of students and graduates on the labour market. On the one hand, the situation on the labour market is changing very dynamically – and makes young people have problems with planning. Moreover, the requirements of employers are increasing all the time – as a consequence, young people very often feel they are under pressure and confused. The basic role of education is preparing young people to entering the labour market. Nowadays, the education system should be taking into account the dynamic changes in the labour market and prepare students and graduates to deal with those turbulences. The paper presents the aspects of students’ and graduates’ preparation for entering the labour market (taking into account the dynamic changes in the labour market).
PL
W niniejszym opracowaniu zaprezentowano wycinek badań własnych dotyczących losów i karier zawodowych absolwentów uczelni wyższych. Celem podjętych badań była diagnoza stanu kariery zawodowej tych młodych ludzi i ich plany na przyszłość.
EN
This paper presents a fragment of own research on the fate and careers of university graduates. The aim of the study was to diagnose the state of professional career of these young people and their plans for the future.
SK
Na Katedre techniky a informačných technológií PF UKF v Nitre je riešený projekt ESF s názvom Inovácie študijných programov na Pedagogickej fakulte UKF v Nitre za účelom skvalitnenia vzdelávacieho procesu. Jedným z cieľov riešenia projektu, okrem inovácie učiteľských študijných programov a študijného programu BOZP, ktorý je garantovaný Katedrou techniky a informačných technológií PF UKF v Nitre, je zisťovanie požiadaviek trhu práce na absolventov štúdia. V príspevku autorka uvádza výsledky dotazníkového prieskumu v stredných odborných školách
EN
At the Department of Technology and Information Technology University in Nitra PF is designed ESF project titled Innovation curricula at the Pedagogical Faculty of the University of Constantin the Philosopher in Nitra in order to improve the educational process. One of the objectives of the project, addition to innovation in teaching curricula and curriculum OSH, as guaranteed by Department of Technology and Information Technology PF UKF in Nitra is a survey of labor market for graduates. In this paper the author presents the results of a questionnaire survey in companies
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