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ISSUE OF HOLOCAUST TEACHING AT PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN SLOVAKIA

100%
HOPTOVÁ L.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2020
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vol. 11
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issue 2
429-443
EN
Aim. The primary aim of the study is to examine how the issue of Holocaust is integrated into teaching of history at primary schools and grammar schools in the Slovak Republic. The secondary aim is to present the methodological ideas, suggestions and recommendations for teaching Holocaust in Slovak schools. Methods. The subject of the study is analysis of basic state educational documents defining the compulsory content of education and training for the school subject of history at primary school and grammar school, thus the National Educational Programme for lower secondary education (second stage of primary school) and the National Educational Programme for grammar schools (completed secondary general education), with emphasis to Holocaust. The method of analysis is applied to textbooks of history that contain information of Holocaust. The study also includes a detailed analysis of methodological recommendations and suggestions prepared by the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the National Institute for Education to assist teachers in teaching Holocaust issue. The study is supplemented by knowledge from educational practice what was obtained through interview method with 15 teachers of history. Results. Holocaust is an integral part of teaching history at primary schools and grammar schools. Students get acquainted with Holocaust issue in Slovak and global historical context in the 9th year of primary school and in the 3rd year of grammar school with a four-year educational programme. The basic content of education is defined in the eduational standards of national educational programmes. Teachers can specify and concentize it even more within teaching of history. Its development is aided not only by textbooks of history but also by various educational and professional activities defined in various methodological materials and manuals.
2

The classical culture in the modern World

86%
Stabryła S.
Classica Cracoviensia
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2015
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issue 18
349-362
EN
The author discusses the impact of classical antiquity on the modern culture, particularly in Poland. He tried to point out that ill-considered and harmful educational reforms have reduced or even eliminated the classical education from the school system in Poland, as in several other countries. Now we are witnessing the decline and collapse of classical humanism. But on the other hand it is difficult to imagine that the viivifying stream of ancient culture woluld dry up finally in our times. We believe that our world of western civilization does not want and cannot renounce the values that have created and shaped the ancients.
3
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Instytucjonalny i organizacyjny rozwój średnich szkół ogólnokształcących w województwie gdańskim po II wojnie światowej (1945–1948)

75%
Gorloff E.
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
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2014
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issue 32
109-120
EN
After World War II, high schools in the Gdansk region had to be built virtually from scratch. However, it is evident there were some major differences between the new and old districts, where the schools’ tasks went beyond teaching. Their role was to integrate local communities and give them a sense of stability. The former secondary school districts began their activities on the basis of pre-war organisational structures, and were established very quickly, almost immediately after the war ended. However, the network of grammar schools in new counties formed much more slowly, although in the 1945/46 school year there was already a secondary school in each county town. The intensity of the development of secondary schools can be shown in numbers. In the 1944/1945 school year, 14 secondary schools were established, and a year later there were already 28. With the development of institutional schools, their organisational development followed. Within a year, the number of students nearly trebled. Quickly, though not as strongly, there was an increase in the number of teachers. The major breakthrough for these institutions was 1948, in which, by decision of the school and party authorities, Poland experienced the reorganisation of general school education.
4
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Tradycja kółek uczniowskich gimnazjów autonomicznej Galicji w Okręgu Szkolnym Krakowskim i Lwowskim II Rzeczypospolitej

58%
Juśko E., Niedojadło A.
Kultura – Przemiany – Edukacja
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2022
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vol. Tom X
13-26
EN
In addition to their important didactic role, student academic and interest circles in middle schools in autonomous Galicia played an important educational role. They taught respect for national tradition and history, thus shaping patriotic attitudes. They functioned in practically all junior high schools. The number of them in particular schools varied. They enjoyed the interest of students, as evidenced by their significant attendance at classes. After regaining independence the schools of Cracow School District the Lviv continued the forms of work allowing to enrich the scope of students’ scientific knowledge and to extend the curricula of compulsory subjects with new content. After regaining independence the schools of the Cracow School District continued their forms of work allowing to enrich the scope of students’ scientific knowledge and to extend the curricula of compulsory subjects with new contents, which referred to the Galician tradition. Regardless of the model of education – national or state, they shaped in students the patriotic and civic attitudes. They built respect for national values and rich cultural heritage. Both academic and interest circles functioned in autonomous Galicia, and later in the Second Polish Republic, in practically all middle schools. These circles were thematically related to the curriculum subjects: history, theology, natural sciences, mathematics, physics, German studies, Polish studies, philosophy, as well as those arising from specific student interests, for example: abstinence, theater lovers, self-education, aesthetics, tourism, economics, photography, sightseeing, music and singing, sports, bookbinding, literary, ethics, hygiene, physical activities, art, drama, literature and others. As a rule, the tutors were subject teachers or teachers who were interested in the subject of the club. The Galician student clubs had the support of the school principals. According to them, the clubs should maintain their scientific character, their creation should be supported by teachers, and the decision to organize them should be left to youth councils. Student circles in autonomous Galician middle schools as a form of didactic and educational work were an important contribution to the development of this type of student activity. They were an important contribution to the development of this type of student activity in Polish secondary schools in the interwar years, and thus a contribution of Galician education to the Polish school system of 1918-1939.
PL
Kółka uczniowskie naukowe, jak i zainteresowań w gimnazjach autonomicznej Galicji, oprócz ważnego znaczenia dydaktycznego odgrywały również istotną rolę wychowawczą. Uczyły szacunku do narodowej tradycji i historii kształtując w ten sposób postawy patriotyczne. Funkcjonowały praktycznie we wszystkich gimnazjach. Liczba ich w poszczególnych szkołach była różna. Cieszyły się one zainteresowaniem ze strony uczniów, o czym świadczy znaczna ich frekwencja na zajęciach. Po odzyskaniu niepodległości szkoły Okręgu Szkolnego Krakowskiego kontynuowały formy pracy pozwalające wzbogacać zakresy wiedzy naukowej uczniów oraz poszerzać o nowe treści programy obowiązkowych przedmiotów nauczania będące nawiązaniem do tradycji galicyjskiej. Niezależnie od modelu wychowania: narodowego czy państwowego kształtowały u uczniów postawy patriotyczne, obywatelskie. Budowały u nich szacunek dla wartości narodowych i bogatego dziedzictwa kultury. Zarówno kółka naukowe, jak i zainteresowań w autonomicznej Galicji, a potem w II Rzeczypospolitej funkcjonowały praktycznie we wszystkich gimnazjach. Były to kółka tematycznie związane z programowymi przedmiotami: historyczne, teologiczne, przyrodnicze, matematyczne, fizyczne, germanistów, polonistyczne, filozoficzne, a także wynikające z określonych zainteresowań uczniów, np.: abstynenckie, miłośników teatru, samokształceniowe, estetyczne, turystyczne, ekonomiczne, fotograficzne, krajoznawcze, muzyczno-śpiewacze, sportowe, miłośników książek, introligatorskie, literackie, etyczne, higieniczne, zabaw ruchowych, artystyczne, dramatyczne, literackie i inne. Należała do nich przeważająca część uczniów. W części szkół kółka uczniowskie organizacyjnie tworzone były w ramach działalności czytelni. Opiekunami z reguły byli nauczyciele przedmiotów bądź uczący wykazujący zainteresowania tematem działania danego kółka. Galicyjskie kółka uczniowskie miały wsparcie dyrektorów szkół. Według nich powinny kółka zachować naukowy charakter, ich tworzenie winni wspierać nauczyciele, a decyzję o ich organizowaniu należy pozostawić samorządom młodzieżowym. Kółka uczniowskie w gimnazjach autonomicznej Galicji jako forma pracy dydaktycznej i wychowawczej były istotnym wkładem w rozwój tego typu działalności uczniowskiej w polskiej szkole średniej lat międzywojennych, tym samym wkładem oświaty galicyjskiej do tworzącego polskiego systemu szkolnego lat 1918–1939. Oprócz kółek uczniowie swoje zainteresowania mogli rozwijać w ramach działalności czytelni, gmin klasowych, SKO, Sodalicji Marjańskiej, klubów sportowych, hufca szkolnego P.W., harcerstwa czy świetlicy.
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