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Estimation of Tariffs Equivalents in Transportation Services Sector

100%
Mach A.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2012
|
issue 30
97-108
EN
In this study I am focusing on the definition of tariff equivalents in the services sector. The contemporary solutions to the problem of quantifying the qualitative attributes of services trade are often limited to a single country or are difficult to reproduce. Basing my work on the solution introduced by Park [2002] Iwill present an empirical study aiming at quantifying the restrictions to international trade of services in a way that enables comparison of outcomes between countries and observation of changes in the restrictiveness level over time. The analysis assumes that restrictiveness level is responsible for the distortions of the empirical trade flows from theoretical expectations. The outcome is a time series of indices describing the restrictiveness level which can be used in further studies using panel data analysis. In this study I will present the indices obtained for the transport services sector.
2
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The OCA Theory and Its Empirical Application for the EMU

80%
Tyrowicz J.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
|
2007
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vol. 216
|
issue 5-6
45-60
EN
The paper probes the notions of an “optimum currency area” (OCA) and “business cycle synchronization” in the context of convergence within the European Monetary Union (EMU). Analyzing the latest literature in this area, the author concludes that most of the measures currently used and promoted ignore the key advantages and disadvantages of an optimum currency area. At the same time, the paper attempts to apply a common tool of gravity equation to test the possible impact of the EMU on trade patterns among EU member states. By implementing a traditional notion of gravity equation, the author demonstrates that, as far as international trade is concerned, it is possible to move trade flows from non-EMU countries to those using the single European currency.
3
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Gender Equality as the Determinant of FDI Flows to Central European Countries

70%
Brzozowski M.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2013
|
issue 33
101-125
EN
The purpose of this paper is to asses the weight of human capital and gender equality in explaining the bilateral FDI inflows to 11 Central European economies. The group comprises the ten countries that acceded to the EU in 2004 or 2007 and Croatia which is a candidate country since 2004. The focus on the region is justified by the fact that the European Commission acknowledged that fostering human capital development and gender equality is a condition of economic development. The period under investigation encompasses 2000-2009 and includes both the global FDI flows peak achieved in 2007 as well as the two years of sharp declines in 2008 and 2009. If FDI is mostly low-cost seeking oriented, however, gender inequality in health and access to education may create a pool of low-pay workers that can be profitably exploited unless the level of productivity is not seriously hindered by gender disparities. In this paper I argue that women’s representation in parliaments is another aspect of the gender gap that may shape foreign investors decisions. These hypotheses are verified in the framework of a standard gravity model using System Generalized Method of Moments technique.
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