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Zastosowanie modeli grawitacyjnych w ustalaniu i analizie lokalizacji

100%
Drewniak Z.
Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Toruniu
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2014
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issue 13
289-298
EN
The article discusses the gravity models as an example of a tool that helps to analyze localization and the market coverage. Especially Reilly’s law of retail gravitation was presented in details as the milestone. The discussion was supported by calculations concerning two cities – Torun and Bydgoszcz and thus their impact on shopping preferences of inhabitants of neighboring places. The issues are mainly used in logistics, but also in marketing, advertising and sales
2
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Przestrzenny zasięg migracji a wiek migrantów na przykładzie największych miast w Polsce

75%
Kałuża-Kopias D.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
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2020
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vol. 65
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issue 12
9-22
EN
The article is about the migration of people to and from large cities. The aim of the study is to determine the influence of physical distance on the geographical extent of internal migrations depending on the migrants’ age. Five major cities in Poland were analysed in this context. Gravity models, which describe migrations as a function of geographical distance, were applied in the study. The statistics on the number of internal migrations relating to 2018 used in the analysis came from Statistics Poland (and more specifically, from current population registers). The analysis allowed the determination of the exponents of the gravity function and their variability depending on the age of migrants. The results demonstrate that in the case of the most mobile people (aged 25–29), the extent of migration fields (inflow and outflow) is characterised by the greatest geographical spread. Migration inflow models indicate that among the oldest people (aged 85 and above) longer-distance relocations are more likely than short-distance moves. The least mobile groups comprise people aged 35–39 and those recently retired (aged 65–69).
PL
Tematyka artykułu dotyczy migracji ludności do i z wielkich miast. Celem omawianego badania jest określenie wpływu odległości fizycznej na zasięg przestrzenny migracji wewnętrznych w zależności od wieku migrantów. Analizę przeprowadzono na przykładzie pięciu największych miast w Polsce. Wykorzystano modele opisujące migracje jako funkcję odległości geograficznej, zwane modelami grawitacji. Główne źródło danych stanowiły statystyki dotyczące migracji wewnętrznych w 2018 r., opublikowane przez GUS, a uzyskane z bieżącej ewidencji ludności. Analiza umożliwiła ustalenie wykładników potęgowych funkcji grawitacji oraz określenie ich zmienności w zależności od wieku migrantów. Wyniki wskazują, że w przypadku osób najbardziej mobilnych (w wieku 25-29 lat) rozległość pól napływu i odpływu migracyjnego charakteryzuje się największym zasięgiem przestrzennym. W modelach napływu migracyjnego w przypadku osób najstarszych (85 lat i więcej) przemieszczenia na większe odległości są bardziej prawdopodobne niż przeprowadzki do niezbyt odległych miejsc. Najmniej mobilne grupy tworzą osoby między 36. a 40. rokiem życia oraz osoby, które niedawno przeszły na emeryturę (w wieku 65-69 lat).
3
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The People Are Always Right. A Conceptual Political Economy Essay into Why Countries in Central and Eastern Europe Persistently Remain at The Periphery of Socio-Economic Developments

75%
Ghinararu C.
Olsztyn Economic Journal
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2017
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vol. 12
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issue 4
427-450
EN
The paper aims to clarify in terms of political economy why countries in Central and Eastern Europe, with a special and distinct focus on Romania are seemingly unable, at least in the short and medium term, to positively alter their relative position inside the wider European economic area and particularly inside the European Union of which they are recent member states. Commencing on a statement made by Jean Francois Revel in the mid nineties and which epitomizes the travails such an economy has to endure in order to make the transition from Plan to Market, the paper then develops on the basis of the postulate of the Stolper-Samuleson theorem which states that a developing economy is not necessarily best served by excessive openness to trade flows. The paper argues, with data, that while benefits of the integration into the single market are to a certain extent undeniable, so are the costs and for some reasons, which are explained in the paper, the latter sometimes outweigh the benefits. Small open economies are adversely affected by the excessive openness to trade brought by the integration as instead of a “normal” relation of interdependence they tend to fall into a relation of “dependence” and thereby land into the undesired and undesirable status of “dependency”. Dependencies are bound to “trail” their “metropolis of sorts” and thus an improvement in their relative position becomes hardly possible or simply takes a long time, which is difficult to accept for its inhabitants. Accordingly, people are simply RIGHT to be angry and frustrated about it, but they were also RIGHT when they joined, simply because when they exited communism, they did not realize that they were not at the level at which they entered it, but were very far below it!
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