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EN
The current political-military situation enforces verifi cation of existing structural and procedural arrangements relating to the functioning of Polish defense system. According to a number of conceptual documents (including National Security Strategy of 2014) the system consists of two kinds of subsystems: the controlling and the executive. The latter kind of subsystems includes operational and supporting sorts. The Polish Armed Forces (PAF) are the key element of the national defence system and are subject to civilian supervision of the democratic authorities. With regard to this kind of supervision there are two primary (fundamental) notions that deserve particular attention: headship and control. Both forms of supervision are reserved for civilian authorities during peacetime, respectively for the President of Poland and the Minister of National Defence. During the war time, the Council of Ministers gains greater importance in controlling the state defence. In this context, the category that invariably remains in the PAF domain is command understood as a specifi cform of control. Noteworthy, however, is the fact that the war-time PAF command structure, considering existing legal regulations, does not seem fully optimized. Therefore the reform of PAF control and command system, initiated in 2014, requires continuation and completion.
EN
This article concerns the legal status of the Commander-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces (Naczelny Dowódca Sił Zbrojnych). This is one of the most significant state or-gans for security that is nominated for a time of war. The main elements of his legal status were defined in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and elaborated in the statutory regulation. Pursuant to these documents this organ is subordinate to the Head of State and his functioning is defined during a war. His basic competences em-brace commanding of the Polish Armed Forces together with ensuring the co-opera-tion of the subordinated forces with their allied counterparts in planning and conduct-ing the military operations. He bears the constitutional responsibility for the violation of the Constitution and the statute. Nevertheless, this regulation is neither compre-hensive nor holistic. The reason of this is the fact that some of its components require various rules of interpretation (e.g. neutrality concerning the political issues), where-as the other have not been regulated at all (e.g. the demands in respect to the candi-dates). For these reasons it was demanded to specify the legal status of the Command-er-in-Chief of the Polish Armed Forces.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy pozycji prawnej Naczelnego Dowódcy Sił Zbrojnych. Jest to jeden z kluczowych dla bezpieczeństwa organ państwowy mianowany na czas wojny. Główne elementy pozycji prawnej tego organu zostały wskazane w Konstytucji RP oraz doprecyzowane w regulacji ustawowej. Jest to więc organ podległy głowie państwa, którego funkcjonowanie aktualizuje się w czasie wojny. Do jego podstawowych kompetencji należy dowodzenie Siłami Zbrojnymi RP oraz zapewnienie współdziałania podległych sił z siłami sojuszniczymi w planowaniu i prowadzeniu działań wojennych. Ponosi odpowiedzialność konstytucyjną za naruszenie konstytucji i ustawy. Niemniej jednak nie jest to regulacja kompleksowa i całościowa. Niektóre z cech wymagają bowiem zastosowania rozmaitych reguł wykładniczych (np. neutralność w sprawach politycznych), inne zaś nie zostały uregulowane w ogóle (np. wymagania w stosunku do kandydata). W tym stanie rzeczy wysunięty został postulat w zakresie wyraźnego określenia pozycji prawnej NDSZ.
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