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COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 as an occupational disease in Poland

100%
Świątkowska B., Rybacki M., Hanke W.
Medycyna Pracy
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2023
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vol. 74
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issue 6
479-486
EN
Background The unexpected outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led huge impact on health and safety of employees. Although now the epidemiological situation has improved, but it remains a challenge, especially in light of the emergence of new threats. The aim of the work is to present an epidemiological analysis of data on COVID-19 as an occupational disease in Poland. Material and Methods The analysis covered all cases of occupational diseases sent by state sanitary inspectors to the Central Register of Occupational Diseases. The years 2020–2022 and such available data as: age, gender, activities and territorial differentiation were analyzed. The data were presented as absolute numbers and incidence rates per 100 000 employed persons and for healthcare workers also per 100 000 persons authorized to practice. Results In the period 2020–2022 in Poland 7030 diseases recognized as occupational diseases were recorded, of which almost half were infectious diseases (47%). Among infectious diseases, dominated COVID-19 in number of 2059 cases. In this period 98.6% of all cases of COVID-19 were concentrated in the health care and social activities. According to workplaces, most diseases were caused by working in hospitals – 1825 cases (88.6% of all COVID-19 cases in the healthcare workers). Most cases concerned nurses – 1355 cases (65,8%) and doctors – 212 cases (10,3%). The incidence of COVID-19 in the group of physicians per 10 000 persons entitled to practice ranged from 2.6 in 2020 to 68.3 in 2022, while among nurses and midwives the rates were 7.9 and 194.9, respectively. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic changed the picture of occupational diseases in Poland. Therefore, it is very important to understand the key contributions of people working in environments where workers are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the nature of their work, and to promote the recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational disease.
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Physical activity of future health care professionals: adherence to current recommendations

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Lipert A., Matusiak-Wieczorek E., Kochan E., Szymczyk P., Wrzesińska M., Jegier A.
Medycyna Pracy
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2020
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vol. 71
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issue 5
539-549
EN
BackgroundWhen assessing physical activity (PA), particular attention should be paid to medical university students who are taught to be health care professionals (HCPs) responsible for maintaining health in humans. However, different studies have shown that HCPs exhibit the same unhealthy behaviors as the general population. This study analyzed PA among medical university students of different faculties and their adherence to current PA recommendations.Material and MethodsData from 216 medical university students of physiotherapy, dietetics and pharmacy, including males (N = 44) and females (N = 172), the mean age of 22.3±1.8 years, were collected. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire in its long form (IPAQ-LF) was used to assess and classify PA behaviors. The results were analyzed in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations regarding PA.ResultsOver 60% of all the students were classified as active during all-day activity. However, while analyzing PA in different domains, the same shares of all the students were still insufficiently active during leisure time, and so they did not meet the recommendation of >75 min/week of vigorous PA, >150 min/week of moderate PA or an equivalent combination. All the students self-reported PA mainly in the work and transport domains. Generally, physiotherapy students were the most active and performed PA with higher intensity.ConclusionsThis study revealed a low level of leisure time PA among the students, and no habit of regular PA. Some changes in medical education should be suggested to include physical education as a long-term subject in medical school curricula. Future research is needed to investigate the exercise barriers that students perceive, which can guide future interventions aimed at improving their PA, and thereby impact on the quality of health care which they will provide.
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Prevalence of burnout among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors – a scoping review

100%
Stodolska A., Wójcik G., Barańska I., Kijowska V., Szczerbińska K.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2023
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vol. 36
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issue 1
21-58
EN
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic exerted significant mental burden on healthcare workers (HCWs) operating in the frontline of the COVID-19 care as they experienced high levels of stress and burnout. The aim of this scoping review was to identify prevalence and factors associated with burnout among HCWs during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL. Studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: cross-sectional, longitudinal, case-control, or qualitative analyses, published in peer-reviewed journals, between January 1, 2020 and February 28, 2021. Studies carried out on other occupations than healthcare workers or related to other pandemics than COVID-19 were excluded. Following the abstract screen, from 141 original papers identified, 69 articles were eventually selected. A large variation in the reported burnout prevalence among HCWs (4.3–90.4%) was observed. The main factors associated with increase/ decrease of burnout included: demographic characteristics (age, gender, education level, financial situation, family status, occupation), psychological condition (psychiatric diseases, stress, anxiety, depression, coping style), social factors (stigmatisation, family life), work organization (workload, working conditions, availability of staff and materials, support at work), and factors related with COVID-19 (fear of COVID-19, traumatic events, contact with patients with COVID-19, having been infected with COVID-19, infection of a colleague or a relative with COVID-19, higher number of deaths observed by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic). The findings should be useful for policy makers and healthcare managers in developing programs preventing burnout during the current and future pandemics. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(1):21–58
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The Year of Enduring COVID-19: Typology of Attitudes Displayed by Health Care Professionals in Ukraine

84%
Klimanska M., Klymanska L., Haletska I.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 2
375-398
EN
Aim. Identification and construction of the typology of attitudes of health care professionals in Ukraine to the current COVID-19 situation and vaccination process. Methods. Transcripts of 49 semi-structured interviews subjected to thematic analysis constituted the subject matter of the analysis. On the basis of the categories identified within the thematic analysis process, a typology was developed, with due account of two parameters: the idea about the origin of the virus: artificial or natural, and the attitude of the informants to the policy (implementation of policy decisions) chosen by the authorities to fight the virus. Combination of these two parameters gives four standpoints-types of attitude of health care professionals to the risks associated with COVID-19. Results and conclusion. Analysis of the results has enabled to outline the problem field for assessing the risk of COVID-19, which includes three topics, as well as to point out four typical standpoints in the attitude displayed by health care professionals that are marked as “magical thinking,” “technological thinking,” “negativistic thinking,” “critical thinking.” Originality. The research was conducted during the third wave of coronavirus in Ukraine, therefore, it reflects the analysed opinions of health care professionals about the threat of COVID-19 and vaccination process. The fact that the research was performed using qualitative methods ensured focusing on subjective peculiarities of the perception of changes in the COVID-19 situation.
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Obowiązek zgłaszania przypadków przemocy wobec dzieci w praktyce lekarskiej

67%
Chmielewska K.
Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
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2014
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vol. 13
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issue 4
40-63
PL
Pracownicy ochrony zdrowia odgrywają niezwykle ważną rolę w wykrywaniu przemocy i zaniedbań wobec dzieci, a ich aktywna postawa może skutecznie przyczynić się do zapobiegania kolejnym przypadkom stosowania przemocy wobec małoletnich. Osoby doznające przemocy mają prawo oczekiwać, że lekarze prócz pomocy medycznej okażą im wsparcie i pomogą znaleźć wyjście z trudnej sytuacji. Lekarz ma codziennie bezpośredni kontakt z ludźmi. Jeśli cieszy się zaufaniem pacjentów, wykazuje motywację i ma odpowiednią wiedzę, może odegrać ogromną rolę w powstrzymaniu przemocy. Ustawiczne dokształcanie pracowników medycznych, organizowanie działań profilaktycznych i kampanii informacyjnych ma zasadnicze znaczenie we wzmocnieniu systemu ochrony dzieci. Artykuł prezentuje najważniejsze zagadnienia z zakresu prawa oraz praktyczne aspekty działania lekarza w przypadku powzięcia wiadomości o podejrzeniu popełnienia przestępstwa ściganego z urzędu na szkodę pokrzywdzonego dziecka.
EN
Health care professionals play an extremely important role in detecting child abuse and neglect, and their proactive attitude may contribute to preventing further incidents of violence against children. Victims of violence have the right to expect that doctors will not only provide them with medical care, but also support them and help them find a way out of a difficult situation. Doctors have direct contact with people in their daily work. If they are trusted by their patients and have adequate motivation and knowledge, they may play a key role in stopping violence. Constant training for health care professionals, as well as organizing prevention activities and awareness raising campaigns are essential for strengthening the child protection system.
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