Search results

1

Ochrona środowiska a status uzdrowiska w świetle prawa planowania przestrzennego

100%

Trzcińska D.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2018

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vol. 16

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issue 1 (1)

155-164

EN

Activity connected directly with preventing results of environmental degradation that are negative for health creates for public authority a sphere of action which combines both environmental protection and health protection. Environmental protection is a legal term with its definition in Art. 3 of Environmental Protection Act of 27 April 2001. Direct connection between environmental protection and health protection finds its reflection in the Act of 28 July 2005 on medical care, health care, health care protection areas and health care communities (called the Act on health resorts). This article contains an analysis of legal conditions connected with awarding a community the status of a health resort, according to the provisions of the Act of 27 March 2003 on spatial planning and development, as well as to the provisions of the above mentioned Act on health resorts.

2

Prawa pacjenta w dobie pandemii COVID-19 – wybrane zagadnienia

100%

Kulikowska-Kulesza J. E.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2023

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issue 2 (42)

151-166

EN

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has changed how almost every sphere of our lives functions. Its greatest impact can be seen in the functioning of the health care sector, whose task was not only to care for the sick or people suspected of infection, but also to take all measures to prevent the spread of infections. The imposition of a state of epidemic threat in Poland, and then the state of epidemic, provided a basis for imposing a number of restrictions that had a significant impact on the realisation of patients’ fundamental rights. The purpose of the considerations is to present and analyse the limitations of selected patient rights during the SARSCoV-2 pandemic. This article first presents issues related to patient rights in genere, emphasizing their importance for the proper functioning of the health care system in the country. Next, the limitations of selected patient rights, which unquestionably occurred in the era of COVID-19, are presented. It is shown that the rights indicated were not only limited, and sometimes even excluded. The article also presents an analysis of the annual reports of the Patients’ Rights Ombudsman, which in their content confirms the great increase in the number of violations of patient rights in the period of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Consequently, this resulted in a far-reaching negative impact on the perception of the health care system in our country.

3

The importance of health counseling centers in process of protection, development and support of public health in Slovakia

100%

Gulášová I., Gornerová L., Breza ml. J., Breza J.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2013

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issue 2(6)

119-126

EN

Authors focus on the importance of counseling centers in health protection and in promotion and development of public health in the Slovak Republic. Health is not only one of the most important rights of every citizen, but it also an obligation to take care of it. Chronic diseases can be prevented by adopting the principles of good nutrition, sufficient physical activity and avoiding of smoking, alcohol and stress. Level of control of major risk factors, especially of hypertension, should be increased. Also the motivation for patients to eliminate their risk factors through the instruments of state policy adequate education and the availability of better quality health care should be improved. Health counseling centers are designed for healthy people who are interested in the quantification of selected health status indicators related to cardiovascular disease, based on which is assessed the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

4

Analiza rozwiązań prawnych dotyczących szczepień przeciw COVID-19 dla osób małoletnich oraz wyrażania przez rodziców zgody na szczepienie małoletnich w wybranych państwach UE

100%

Adamiec D., Branna J., Dziewulak D., Firlej N., Groszkowska K., Karkowska M., Krawczyk K., Kupis D., Tazuszel A., Żołądek Ł.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2023

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issue 2(78)

233-266

EN

The rules for the organisation of health policy on immunization are defined by each state in relation to its citizens. The laws of individual EU countries make the possibility of vaccinating minors dependent on, among other things, the age of the person to be vaccinated and the consent of one or both parents or other legal guardians. The analysis presents the requirements for parental consent and the age limits in each country from which minors can decide for themselves to be vaccinated.

5

Opinia prawnaw sprawie merytorycznej oceny rządowego projektu ustawy o leczeniu niepłodności

88%

Stępkowski A.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2015

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issue 4(48)

164-182

EN

Some permissive and, at the same time, controversial solutions proposed in the bill are wrongly presented as the implementation of European Union law. This applies, in particular, to the construct of “donation”. This permissive idea, unknown to European law, creates the opportunity of far-reaching abuse, including the acceptance of the practice of surrogacy and the acquisition of parental rights by persons living in homosexual relationship. The bill treats instrumentally participants of assisted reproduction procedures, especially those who are in the embryonic stage of human development, violating thereby the constitutional guarantees of human life and dignity. It also allows for eugenic selection of human embryos, providing a very narrow limitation in this respect. The anonymity of a donor of reproductive cells, proposed in the bill, breaches in many respects the principle of protecting the child’s interests.

6

Opinia prawna na temat rządowego projektu ustawy o leczeniu niepłodności

88%

Lipski J.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2015

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issue 4(48)

126-163

EN

The bill, to the extent to which it (in most of the cases) do not limit the number of human embryos created in the in-vitro procedure does not comply with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The bill involves the outright separation of human embryos into capable and incapable of developing normally and permits destruction of embryos placed in the second group, and does not provide for any formal procedure of assessment of that “capability”. Nor does it guarantee that the donors of reproductive cells (parents) can influence the decision to destroy the embryo. The bill is also incompatible with the Constitution to the extent to which it does not prohibit the use of supernumerary human embryos for experimental or industrial purposes and to the extent to which it allows the identification and selection of embryos to be transferred to the mother’s body. Provisions of the bill excessively restrict the right of children conceived through in-vitro fertilization to know their genetic origin.

7

Opinia na temat rządowego projektu ustawy o leczeniu niepłodności

88%

Zielińska E.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2015

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issue 4(48)

183-196

EN

The method of regulating the issue of infertility treatment, including the use of in vitro fertilization procedures, does not raise any substantive doubts. The solutions adopted in the bill correspond to international standards and do not raise objections of a constitutional nature. The bill is a result of a reasonable compromise between the need to recognize the rights of people affected by infertility and the need to protect the embryo and the concerns for the welfare of the unborn child. It may, however, give rise doubt as to the granting of rights to use the procedures of medically assisted procreation only to people who are in marriage or partnership relations, which could be seen as discrimination against single women. Moreover, the imposition of a statutory limitation on the number of oocytes undergoing fertilization is detrimental to women’s health. The bill requires editorial corrections.

8

Opinia na temat projektu ustawy o leczeniu niepłodności

88%

Gardocka T.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

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2015

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issue 4(48)

157-163

EN

The Act responds to an urgent and important social need. It is also indispensable to implement the EU directives mentioned in the explanatory note to the bill. The bill draws on the acquis communautaire and seems to correspond to the requirements of the directives, as well as the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine of 1997. The lack of regulation of the procedures, particularly medical procedure of in vitro fertilization, currently results in inability of control the operation of clinics carrying out this kind of medical treatment. There is, however, need to clarify the proposed legislation, including the definition of partner donation, fertility security for the future, phenotypic data, anonymous embryo donation, the use of embryos after the death of the donor. The bill should specify the maximum age for a woman who wishes to undergo in vitro fertilization. It should also specify the attributes of an offense involving the destruction of the embryo which was created out of the medical procedure. The bill needs more work.

9

Prawo pacjenta do świadczeń zdrowotnych z zakresu lecznictwa uzdrowiskowego

87%

Jachimowicz-Jankowska P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2020

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issue 1(29)

95-152

EN

The right to use health services, including spa treatment, is one of the basic patient rights. The specificity of the issues undertaken stems from at least two sources. First of all, patients are a special category of people, because human health, as the highest value possessed by every human being, is subject to legal protection and requires their rights and freedoms are guaranteed. Secondly, spa treatment, which is an integral part of the health care system, corresponds to art. 68 of the Polish Constitution, assuming the fundamental principle according to which every citizen has the right to health care. On the other hand, this treatment means providing health services, which are conducted only in a separate area of the spa commune – a spa and in specially adapted medical entities – spa treatment centers. The study covers the concise genesis of patient rights and the notion of the patient in terms of doctrine and legislation. Moreover, it contains the basic concepts related to spas. Recognition of the health needs of society is associated with a presentation of the individual types of spa treatment centers and spa treatment facilities, as well as the necessary conditions that they should meet. Due to the existing different status of patients in spa treatment institutions, the analysis covers the basis for admission, for referring and qualifying patients to these centers, and also the rules for using services guaranteed in the field of spa treatment. The patient’s right to health services is also examined in the context of using these services. Despite the fact that patients’ interest in this form of treatment increases every year, as is shown by the available data, there are a number of legal and organizational problems related to access to treatment as part of spa services.

10

Kasy chorych w systemie ochrony zdrowia w Polsce

75%

Chałupczak G.

Facta Simonidis

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1

141-161

EN

In the present study the practical application of the institution of national health societies to the public system of health protection is presented, which is illustrated by the organisational structure of Polish national health societies, especially according to acts from 1920 and 1997. The research yields the analysis of law regulations which govern the nature of the national health societies. It is emphasised that the self-government, which functioned in the Polish health insurance, has not successfully adapted to the changes taking place in the Polish society. The author also underlines the infl uence of the centralization on the foundation of Polish’s social and economic policy. Furthermore, he comes to a conclusion that radically changes of the rules, the forms and the range of social policy have negative infl uence on health insurance system, which should works effectively and which is aimed at the protection of the insured from the disease risk. The author also presents his views on the development of the system of national health societies in Poland.

PL

Artykuł, oparty na analizie aktów prawnych, dokumentów oraz literatury przedmiotu, traktuje o istocie i ewolucji kas chorych w systemie ubezpieczenia zdrowotnego w Polsce. Poddane analizie rozwiązania instytucjonalne wprowadzone zostały do polskiego porządku prawnego ustawami z dnia 19 maja 1920 r. o obowiązkowym ubezpieczeniu na wypadek choroby oraz z dnia 6 lutego 1997 r. o powszechnym ubezpieczeniu zdrowotnym. W artykule scharakteryzowano organizację oraz zasady działania kas chorych na gruncie stanu prawnego ukształtowanego przez wskazane akty prawne. Punkt wyjścia przeprowadzonej analizy stanowi status prawny kas chorych, jako osób prawnych prawa publicznego. W ramach struktury organizacyjnej omówione zostały rozwiązania normatywne odnoszące się do samorządnych organów kas chorych, wyposażonych w kompetencje uchwałodawcze, zarządzające lub nadzorcze. W dalszej części przedstawiony został kierunek rozwoju struktury organizacyjnej ubezpieczenia zdrowotnego w Polsce zakładający odejście od instytucji samorządnych kas chorych na rzecz scentralizowanych jednostek organizacyjnych.

11

Kasy chorych w systemie ochrony zdrowia w Polsce

75%

Chałupczak G.

Facta Simonidis

|

2008

|

issue 1

141-162

PL

Artykuł, oparty na analizie aktów prawnych, dokumentów oraz literatury przedmiotu, traktuje o istocie i ewolucji kas chorych w systemie ubezpieczenia zdrowotnego w Polsce. Poddane analizie rozwiązania instytucjonalne wprowadzone zostały do polskiego porządku prawnego ustawami z dnia 19 maja 1920 r. o obowiązkowym ubezpieczeniu na wypadek choroby oraz z dnia 6 lutego 1997 r. o powszechnym ubezpieczeniu zdrowotnym. W artykule scharakteryzowano organizację oraz zasady działania kas chorych na gruncie stanu prawnego ukształtowanego przez wskazane akty prawne. Punkt wyjścia przeprowadzonej analizy stanowi status prawny kas chorych, jako osób prawnych prawa publicznego. W ramach struktury organizacyjnej omówione zostały rozwiązania normatywne odnoszące się do samorządnych organów kas chorych, wyposażonych w kompetencje uchwałodawcze, zarządzające lub nadzorcze. W dalszej części przedstawiony został kierunek rozwoju struktury organizacyjnej ubezpieczenia zdrowotnego w Polsce zakładający odejście od instytucji samorządnych kas chorych na rzecz scentralizowanych jednostek organizacyjnych.

EN

In the present study the practical application of the institution of national health societies to the public system of health protection is presented, which is illustrated by the organisational structure of Polish national health societies, especially according to acts from 1920 and 1997. The research yields the analysis of law regulations which govern the nature of the national health societies. It is emphasised that the self-government, which functioned in the Polish health insurance, has not successfully adapted to the changes taking place in the Polish society. The author also underlines the infl uence of the centralization on the foundation of Polish’s social and economic policy. Furthermore, he comes to a conclusion that radically changes of the rules, the forms and the range of social policy have negative infl uence on health insurance system, which should works effectively and which is aimed at the protection of the insured from the disease risk. The author also presents his views on the development of the system of national health societies in Poland.

12

The development of health protection and social care services in Poland and in the countries of the European Union

75%

SZCZUKOCKA A.

Economic and Environmental Studies

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2018

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vol. 18

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issue 2

893-907

EN

Health is considered to be the greatest invaluable good. This article concentrates on the level of advancement of medical services in Poland and in certain countries of the European Union. This research uses such indicators as: expenditure on health care, the level of morbidity, mortality, sick leaves, number of doctors, hospitals, as well as the average life expectancy. Dynamic indices were used in the determination of developmental trends. To capture similarities and differences in the level of medical services advancement, multidimensional scaling method was applied. Results of the study allow stating that a significant advancement in the development of medical and social care services can be observed. However, Poland still lags behind other countries where development of these services remains on a high level.

PL

Zdrowie jest największym i bezcennym dobrem, dlatego w artykule została zwrócona uwaga na poziom rozwoju usług medycznych w Polsce i wybranych krajach Unii Europejskiej. Do badania wykorzystano takie wskaźniki jak: wielkość wydatków na ochronę zdrowia, poziom zachorowalności, śmiertelność, absencję chorobową, liczbę lekarzy, liczbę szpitali, czy też przeciętne dalsze trwanie życia. Do określenia tendencji rozwojowych wykorzystano indeksy dynamiki. W celu uchwycenia podobieństw lub różnic w poziomie rozwoju usług medycznych zastosowano metodę skalowania wielowymiarowego. Wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że obserwuje się znaczny postęp w rozwoju usług medycznych i społecznych, niemniej Polska pozostaje nadal w tyle za państwami, w których rozwój tych usług jest na wysokim poziomie.

13

Regulacje prawne w zakresie szczepień ochronnych przeciwko COVID-19 – problemy wybrane

75%

Szudejko P., Jachimowicz-Jankowska P.

Studia Prawa Publicznego

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2021

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issue 4 (36)

79-108

EN

Undoubtedly, the end of 2019 will be recorded in the annals of modern human history as a time which resulted in an unprecedented event. This is because this year, the global epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus broke out. This virus, on the other hand, leads to the development of an acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract, known as COVID-19. Therefore, the state of epidemic threat that was initially introduced in Poland, and then transformed into the current epidemic state, requires a particular reaction from the state authorities and also, it would seem, an appropriate response to the situation by the citizens themselves. In such exceptional circumstances, the obligation arises for the state to protect the life and health of its citizens, both in the area of enacting the relevant law and its implementation. However, there is a remedy for the growing number of new cases of COVID-19 and deaths in this context, namely the possibility of performing preventive vaccinations against this disease. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the legal regulations on preventive vaccinations against COVID-19 introduced in Poland. In this regard, reference is made to the basic assumptions used in the constitutional model of health care inPoland. In this context, the principle of equal access to health care services financed from public funds and the constitutional exceptions to the principle of equal access to benefits, such as children, pregnant women, disabled and elderly people are discussed, as well as the principle of the active role of the state in combating epidemic threats. These considerations are complemented by an outline of the statutory and sub-statutory solutions in the health care model. The analysis also covers legal solutions adopted with regard to the COVID-19 epidemic, and presents the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as well as restrictions, orders and bans in connection with the epidemic. In addition, the compliance of the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with the constitutional model of health protection is assessed, with the criteria for assessing this distribution in the context of establishing the state of the epidemic being singled out.

14

The level of effectiveness of Polish legislation relating to health protection against the consequences of tobacco use

75%

Zajdel-Całkowska J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2020

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vol. 33

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issue 5

599-610

EN

The purpose of this work is to analyze the regulatory environment for tobacco use, with particular reference to changes made in the last 10 years. An attempt was made to answer the question of the extent to which the regulatory environment has a real impact on the achievement of the objective set out in the existing legal provisions, which is to protect the health and rights of the persons concerned. An analytical method was used in the work to assess the application of legal principles. A method of analyzing the current line of jurisprudence was also used. In the process of final evaluation of public utilities, certain functional methods were used. The assessment was subjected to Polish law, within the scope of the currently binding Act on Health Protection Against the Consequences of Using Tobacco and Tobacco Products of 1995. The study states that the provisions of this Act are only a formal guarantee of protection. The liability arising from the application of its standard is illusory because the procedure for imposing penalties is ineffective. The pursuit of any property claims related to violation of the rights of related entities, as envisaged in this Act, is complicated. This does not apply to a case which is not affected by the decision.

15

Work-related behavior and experience patterns of music educators – a basis for intervention

75%

Thielmann B., Kirsch M., Böckelmann I.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2024

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vol. 37

|

issue 2

176-193

EN

Objectives Music educators are subjected to many physical and psychological stresses encountered in the workplace. These stresses could be counteracted by certain work-related behavior and experience patterns as personal resources to reduce the negative consequences of stress. The aim of the study was to determine the existing work-related behavioral and experiential patterns and the characteristics of the Work-Related Behavior and Experience Patterns (Arbeitsbezogenes Verhaltens- und Erlebensmuster – AVEM) questionnaire dimensions in the professional group of music educators according to age group. Material and Methods A total of 205 music educators (66.3% female) from various music schools in Germany participated in the online survey. The subjects were divided into 3 age groups (AG): AG I: ≤35 years, AG II: 36–45 years, AG III: ≥46 years. In addition to sociodemographic and occupational data, the standardized AVEM questionnaire was used according to Schaarschmidt and Fischer. The age and occupation-related data were evaluated in a correlation analysis with the expression of AVEM dimensions. Results A total of 71.4% of the music educators were ≥46 years old group. Another 12.8% belonged to AG II, and 15.8% belonged to AG III. The sex distribution in the 3 age groups was comparable (p = 0.261). The expression of all AVEM dimensions was within the reference range. The most pronounced dimension, with a stanine value of M±SD 5.2±2.15, was the willingness to spend. There was also no significant difference in the assignment to the 4 patterns in the 3 age groups (p = 0.669). Age showed a negative correlation with the experience of social support (ρ = –0.354). Conclusions The age-independent and high intervention-requiring expressions of the AVEM risk patterns A and B led to the recommendation of workplace prevention and health promotion measures. Therefore, it seems reasonable to promote appropriate stress management measures and resilience during studies.

16

Ubezpieczenia od ryzyka związanego ze starością i zdrowiem pracowników i rolników

63%

Adamowicz M., Lewtak B.

Rozprawy Społeczne

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2020

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vol. 14

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issue 4

81-100

EN

Abstract Przedmiotem opracowania są obowiązujące w Polsce systemy ochrony zdrowia a zwłaszcza system ubezpieczenia społecznego pracowników w Zakładzie Ubezpieczeń Społecznych (ZUS) oraz rolników w Kasie Rolniczego Ubezpieczenia Społecznego (KRUS). Na podstawie literatury problemu przedstawiono zarówno sposoby ochrony zdrowia jak i system świadczeń z tytułu ubezpieczeń społecznych i zdrowotnych. Zaprezentowano w pracy wyniki własnych badań sondażowych dotyczących oceny poziomu zadowolenia pracowników rolników i studentów ubezpieczonych w ZUS i KRUS z systemu ochrony zdrowia i świadczeń zdrowotnych w publicznym i prywatnym systemie opieki zdrowotnej. Wskazano również na potrzebę i kierunki zmian w systemie zabezpieczenia ochrony zdrowia. Material and methods - Results - Conclusions -

PL

Streszczenie Przedmiotem opracowania są obowiązujące w Polsce systemy ochrony zdrowia a zwłaszcza system ubezpieczenia społecznego pracowników w Zakładzie Ubezpieczeń Społecznych (ZUS) oraz rolników w Kasie Rolniczego Ubezpieczenia Społecznego (KRUS). Na podstawie literatury problemu przedstawiono zarówno sposoby ochrony zdrowia jak i system świadczeń z tytułu ubezpieczeń społecznych i zdrowotnych. Zaprezentowano w pracy wyniki własnych badań sondażowych dotyczących oceny poziomu zadowolenia pracowników rolników i studentów ubezpieczonych w ZUS i KRUS z systemu ochrony zdrowia i świadczeń zdrowotnych w publicznym i prywatnym systemie opieki zdrowotnej. Wskazano również na potrzebę i kierunki zmian w systemie zabezpieczenia ochrony zdrowia. Materiał i metody - Wyniki - Wnioski -

17

NADZÓR NAD STOSOWANIEM I OBROTEM ŚRODKAMI ODURZAJĄCYMI ORAZ SUBSTANCJAMI PSYCHOTROPOWYMI JAKO ELEMENT INSTYTUCJONALNEGO WYMIARU POLITYKI BEZPIECZEŃSTWA CHEMICZNEGO W POLSCE

63%

Machowicz K., Fehler W.

Colloquium Wydziału Nauk Humanistycznych i Społecznych AMW

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2021

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vol. 13

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issue 2

25-37

PL

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę nadzoru nad stosowaniem i obrotem środkami odurzającymi oraz substancjami psychotropowymi w kontekście kreowania i realizowania polityki bezpieczeństwa chemicznego w Polsce. Zasadniczym jego celem jest dokonanie oceny efektywności nadzoru farmaceutycznego w kontekście przyjętych w Polsce rozwiązań instytucjonalnych. Z ustaleń poczynionych przez autorów wynika, że istnieją znaczące luki w systemie nadzoru nad wykorzystywaniem środków odurzających i substancji psychotropowych stosowanych w medycynie weterynaryjnej. Prowadzi to do konkluzji o niezadowalającej efektywności nadzoru, co w ocenie autorów wynika z rozproszenia kompetencji przy jednoczesnym braku spoiwa w postaci systemowego podejścia do bezpieczeństwa chemicznego. Jako ważny kierunek działań naprawczych autorzy wskazują poprawę wzrostu poziomu świadomości prawnej i świadomości w zakresie bezpieczeństwa chemicznego u osób działających jako organy nadzoru i aparat pomocniczy tych organów. W połączeniu tych dwu elementów widzą szanse na doprowadzenie do opracowania wewnętrznego prawa właściwych inspekcji pozwalającego na zlikwidowanie obszarów pozbawionych nadzoru.

EN

The article deals with the issue of supervision over the application and trade of intoxicating and psychotropic substances in the context of creating and implementing chemical security policy in Poland. Its main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical supervision in the context of the institutional solutions implemented in Poland. There are significant gaps in the system of supervision over the application of intoxicating and psychotropic substances used in veterinary medicine. This leads to conclusions about the unsatisfactory effectiveness of supervision. In the opinion of the authors it results from the dispersion of competencies with the simultaneous lack of a binder in the form of a systemic approach to chemical security. As an important direction of corrective actions, authors indicate increase legal awareness, and awareness in the field of chemical and security. The combination of these two elements provides an opportunity to bring about the establishment of an internal law of appropriate inspections to eliminate areas without supervision.

18

Obowiązek ubezpieczenia jako determinant niemieckiej polityki zdrowotnej

63%

Chałupczak G.

Facta Simonidis

|

2012

|

issue 5

177-196

PL

W niniejszej pracy podjęta została próba dokonania analizy rozwiązań legislacyjnych wpływających na podmiotowy zakres niemieckiego ubezpieczenia chorobowego, którego jednym z elementów jest ochrona zdrowia. Celem pracy jest wskazanie znaczenia obowiązku ubezpieczenia przed ryzykiem choroby w realizacji jednego z podstawowych celów niemieckiej polityki zdrowotnej, tj. powszechności ubezpieczenia. Wskazanie determinantów i dokonanie oceny przyjętych rozwiązań formalno-prawnych nastąpiło w odniesieniu do kliku cezur czasowych. Punkt wyjścia stanowi analiza obowiązku ubezpieczenia chorobowego w świetle przepisów ustawy o ubezpieczeniu chorobowym robotników z 1883 r., która uzupełniona została następnie syntezą rozwiązań przyjętych w Ordynacji Ubezpieczeniowej Rzeszy z 1911 r. Najwięcej uwagi poświęcono jednak syntezie współczesnego stanu niemieckiej ochrony ubezpieczeniowej w obszarze podmiotowego zakresu obowiązku ubezpieczenia przed ryzykiem choroby, którego aktualny kształt wynika z przepisów Piątej Księgi Kodeksu Socjalnego

EN

This article tries to analyze the legislative solutions which influence the subjective scope of German health insurance; the health protection is one of its elements. The aim of the article is to show the importance of the insurance obligation against the risk of the disease in implementation of one of the basic targets of German health policy i.e. the generality of insurance. The indication of determinants and evaluation of accepted formal-legal solutions was in reference to some time caesuras. The analysis of the obligation of health insurance in the light of the provisions of the Act of health insurance of the workers from 1883 was the starting point. The analysis was later complemented with the synthesis of solutions accepted in Insurance Act of the Reich established in 1911. However, most attention was paid to the synthesis of modern state of the health protection within the subjective scope of insurance obligation against the risk of the disease whose current form is granted by the Fifth Book of German Social Security Code

19

Wzrost wydatków na ochronę zdrowia a perspektywa rozwoju prywatnego sektora opieki zdrowotnej

63%

Leśniowska-Gontarz M.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Pragmata tes Oikonomias

|

2017

|

vol. 11

37-51

PL

Ochrona zdrowia jest jednym z najważniejszych obszarów polityki społecznej każdego państwa. Choć usługi medyczne z uwagi na swój charakter mogą istnieć jako dobra prywatne, w większości krajów świadczenia zdrowotne są, w mniejszym lub większym stopniu, dostarczane przez sektor publiczny i wykorzystywane zbiorowo przez społeczeństwo. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza wydatków na ochronę zdrowia w Polsce, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem finansowania ochrony zdrowia w ramach sektora publicznego oraz prywatnego. Za hipotezę przyjęto, iż wzrost wydatków na ochronę zdrowia prowadzi do rozwoju prywatnego sektora opieki zdrowotnej. W wyniku wykonanej analizy wskazano, iż wzrost wydatkowania na ochronę zdrowia może się stać impulsem do rozwoju prywatnego sektora opieki zdrowotnej.

EN

Health protection is one of the most important topic of social policy of each country. Although medical services, can exist as private goods, in most countries health services are mostly provided by the public sector and used collectively by society. The purpose of this article is to analyse the healthcare expenditures in Poland, with particular emphasis on financing health care within the public and private sector. The hypothesis assumes that the increase in health care expenditure leads to the development of private health care sector. As a result of conducted analysis, it was pointed out that the increase in spending on health care could become an impulse for the development of private health care sector.

20

Opinia prawna na temat poselskiego projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o działalności leczniczej

63%

Lackoroński B.

Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS

|

2015

|

issue 4(48)

97-106

EN

In the author’s view, the Bill raises doubts as to its purpose and subjective scope of application. Consideration should be given to the usefulness of the inclusion in this Act of definitions and principles of performance of therapeutic activity by a military unit which is not a budgetary unit. In the event that a final definition of military units is contained in the Act on Therapeutic Activities, the definition of such unit requires clarification, including an indication that it relates to the military units that are not separate budgetary units.

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