Search results

1

Investigating an outbreak of non-specific building-related symptoms in workers of a general hospital

100%

Gómez-Acebo I., Dierssen-Sotos T., Pérez-Belmonte E., Llorca J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 4

563-571

EN

Objective:To obtain a case definition and to describe variables associated with a cluster of unspecific symptoms in healthcare workers (HCW) in a hospital building. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. All people working at the Residencia Cantabria building (a 200-bed building belonging to University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla) in June 2009 were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire, including questions on demographic data, working place and shift, working conditions and current symptoms. A cluster analysis was developed to obtain the case definition. The strength of the association between the studied variables and accomplishing the case definition was measured using odds ratios (OR) with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain a predictive model; its general validity was estimated with Receiver Operating Curves (ROC) and their Area Under the Curve (AUC). Results: 357 completed questionnaires were obtained. The case was defined as having at least 5 symptoms out of the eleven included. Not being ascribed to a specific shift was the strongest protective variable related with "being a case" (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.17-0.54), whereas the personal antecedent of distal pain or inflammation in arms or legs was the main risk factor (OR = 4.33, 95% CI: 2.75-6.82). A six-variable predictive model has AUC equaling to 0.7378. Conclusions: A disease associated with the indoor environment quality in a hospital was characterized. A multivariate score was drafted for identifying HCW with higher risk of developing the disease in order to apply administrative prevention measures.

2

The level of knowledge of, attitude toward and emphasis given to HBV and HCV infections among healthcare professionals: Data from a tertiary hospital in Turkey

88%

Cekin A. H., Cekin Y., Ozdemir A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 1

122-131

EN

Objectives: To evaluate the level of knowledge of, to investigate the attitudes toward, and to determine the emphasis given to the national prevalence of HBV/HCV infections among healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: A total of 206 healthcare professionals (mean (SD) age: 37.0 (6.3) years; 86.9% – females) including medical laboratory technicians (N = 54) and nurses (N = 152) employed in the Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey. Laboratory (N = 53), operating room (N = 41) and in-patient clinic (N = 112) staff were included in this descriptive study. A 33-questionnaire composed of questions related to their level of knowledge and attitudes toward HBV/HCV infections, the sources of their knowledge of HBV/HCV infections and the emphasis given to the national and global importance of the diseases was administered via a face–to-face interview method with each subject; participation was volunteer based. Results: The participants working in the in-patient clinic (18.0 (3.2)) had the highest mean (SD) knowledge level compared to the laboratory (16.4 (3.1), p < 0.05) and operating room (17.0 (2.8), p < 0.05) staff. The participants from the in-patient clinic (44.6%) had a more advanced level of knowledge compared to the participants working in the laboratory (27.8%, p < 0.05) and the operating room (30.0%, p < 0.05). Most of the subjects (60.7%) had education concerning HBV/HCV infections in the past. There was no signifi cant difference between the hospital units in terms of the attitudes of healthcare workers (HCWs) toward HBV/HCV infections and the level of education concerning them. Conclusions: Our fi ndings revealed a moderate level of knowledge in most HCWs, regardless of their exposure to risk. While the highest knowledge scores and vaccination rates were noted among the in-patient clinic staff, there was no signifi cant difference between the hospital units in terms of the attitudes of HCWs towards a patient or a colleague with an HBV/HCV infection.

3

Hepatitis B and C infection: Is it a problem in Polish healthcare workers?

88%

Rybacki M., Piekarska A., Wiszniewska M., Walusiak-Skorupa J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2013

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vol. 26

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issue 3

430-439

EN

Objectives: Hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) are among the most frequent blood borne pathogens. According to WHO, 5% of healthcare workers (in central Europe), are exposed to at least one sharps injury contaminated with HBV per year, 1,7% - contaminated with HCV. Aims: The aims of the study were to determine prevalence of HCV and HBV infections, vaccination efficacy against hepatitis B and usefulness of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) testing in prophylactic examinations in healthcare workers (HCWs). Material and Methods: In a group of 520 healthcare workers, a survey, laboratory and serologic tests such as ALT, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBcT and anti-HCV were carried out. Results: The study revealed a low rate of workers with presence of HBsAg and anti-HCV (1,2% and 0,8% respectively). Anti-HBcT was found in 99 subjects (19%) without a significant association with experiencing an occupational percutaneous injury. Being vaccinated against HBV was declared by 90% of the subjects. There was no relationship between ALT level rise and positive HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HBcT tests. Conclusion: A seroprevalence of HBV and HCV markers in HCWs found in the study is low and similar to the one found in general population. Current or past hepatitis B infections were independent of needle stick injuries. Vaccination against HBV coverage, although found to be high, should improve to 100%. Occupational prophylactic medical examinations found performing ALT test (obligatory in Poland for HCWs) not helpful. It seems that determination of anti-HBcT and anti-HCV status would be essential in pre-employment medical examinations.

4

Upper respiratory tract infections and influenza-like illnesses among healthcare workers: are serological tests useful in monitoring influenza and influenza-like illness?

75%

Toczek-Kubicka K., Szenborn F., Kuchar E. P., Szenborn L.

Medycyna Pracy

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2022

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vol. 73

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issue 6

441-447

EN

Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk for exposure to upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). The present study aimed to surveil URTIs and ILIs and their impact among the Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in Wroclaw employees and evaluate their humoral response to influenza. Material and Methods Thirty-six HCWs participated in the first season and 32 HCWs in the second season during years of the study. The authors carried out a URTI/ILI surveillance, and all HCWs were asked to complete a weekly report during 2 influenza seasons: 2016/2017 (S1) and 2017/2018 (S2). In S1 both IgG and IgM antibodies against influenza A and B were assessed. The HCWs with symptoms of ILI were encouraged to undergo PCR tests for influenza. Results No significant differences in reporting URTI were found among vaccinated and non-vaccinated HCWs and HCWs and the control group. Depending on the year 5.5–17.2% of HCWs were treated with antibiotics because of URTI. In the study 58.7% of participants in S1 and 66.7% in S2 decide to work despite the URTI symptoms. There was no statistical relationship between the concentration of anti-influenza IgG and the number of URTIs and ILIs reported. Only vaccinated were willing to undergo voluntary influenza testing. Conclusions The URTI and ILI occur commonly in HCWs, and HCWs contract URTIs as often as the control group. Despite their medical education, HCWs work with the symptoms of infection and overuse antibiotics to treat the URTI. Serology testing is not able to follow the infection’s dynamics or identify the people immune to the influenza-like illness. The diagnostic value of IgM antibodies in acute influenza infection is negligible. Vaccinated HCWs are more focused on their health and are more willing to undergo influenza tests.

5

Healthcare workers highly affected during the COVID-19 epidemic wave in Poland prior to vaccination availability: seroprevalence study

75%

Rosińska M., Stępień M., Kitowska W., Milczarek M., Juszczyk G., Nowacka Z., Gardel A., Hermann A., Bardoń-Błaszkowska A., Cudnik R., Czubak H., Wolniak-Bińkowska M., Źródłowska I. A., Sadkowska-Todys M.

Medycyna Pracy

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2022

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vol. 73

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issue 2

109-123

EN

The aim of the study was to assess seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among healthcare workers (HCW) before introduction of vaccination, in selected areas in Poland as well as to identify potential risk factors and estimate the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infections in this population.Material and MethodsThe authors conducted a sero-epidemiological, cross-sectional study among HCW of 5 non-COVID-19 hospitals in Poland. The recruitment took place in December 1–23, 2020, all HCW at selected hospitals could volunteer into the study. All persons were screened with rapid SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG tests in capillary blood. In case of positive result, 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for confirmatory testing with ELISA assay. The authors estimated prevalence of laboratory confirmed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody presence and examined factors associated with positive result. Cumulative incidence was estimated applying 2-source capture-recapture method to serology results and self-report of past infection.ResultsOut of 1040 HCW included in the analysis, one-fourth (25.2%) received a positive result for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by ELISA test, the prevalence among women was 25.3% (95% CI: 22.5–28.4) and 24.6% (95% CI: 19–31.2) among men. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was the highest among respondents who declared home contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case, 43.9% (95% CI: 32.4–56.1). It was also elevated among those who indicated contact with patients with COVID-19, 32.5% (95% CI: 26.7–38.8) and business contacts, including at the workplace, 28.9% (95% CI: 22.5–36.3). The estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infections in the population, using the capture-recapture method was 41.2% (95% CI: 38.1–44.2).ConclusionsHealthcare workers remained at increased risk of infection largely due to work-related contacts with infected patients, although home exposure was also common. Estimated cumulative incidence is higher than the antibody prevalence, which indicates the need to monitor HCW for possible immunity waning, also post-immunization immunity. Med Pr. 2022;73(2):109–23

6

Two-year follow-up of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in healthcare workers after the COVID-19 pandemic in China

75%

Chen H., Ma Q., Du B., Huang Y., Zhu S.-G.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2023

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vol. 36

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issue 3

324-332

EN

Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a 2-year follow-up of mental disorders in healthcare workers (HCWs) in a region of China outside the epidemic’s core zone who happened to be directly or possibly exposed to persons with COVID-19. Material and Methods: A cognitive analysis scale was utilized in the evaluation the mental or emotional state of HCWs at Xuzhou Medical University’s affiliated hospital in the city of Xuzhou, China (a non-core epidemic area) 2 years after the first assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 165 HCWs were selected as the study subjects. In accordance to the exposure risk of COVID-19 patients, the subjects were separated into 2 categories: a group with a high risk HCW (HHCW) (HCWs working in COVID-19-positive wards; N = 91) and a group with a minimal risk HCW (LHCW) (HCWs who worked in wards without COVID-19 patients at the same hospital; N = 75). The clinical as well as demographic information of every HCWs were collected. Results: The demographic data revealed significant differences in terms of occupation, remuneration, and selfless concerns amidst both categories (p < 0.05). There lacked a statistically notable difference in the occurrence of PTSD between the 2 groups. Data was analyzed for factors associated with PTSD, and the results showed that psychological resilience, job risk, and stress in the workplace were risk factors for PTSD. Additionally, the results of the logistic regression analysis showed that psychological resilience was a significant shared risk factor for PTSD in HCWs after the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: The 2-year follow-up showed no statistical difference in the incidence of PTSD between the HHCW group and the LHCW group. Workplace stress, occupational hazards, and psychological resilience were the major contributing risk factors for PTSD in HCWs.

7

Analysis of the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in groups of medical and non-medical professions

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Biernacka P., Piekarska A., Berkan-Kawińska A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2023

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vol. 36

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issue 5

643-655

EN

Objectives The assessment of the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in various professional groups is very important. Hence, the purpose of the following study was to analyze the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among employees performing both medical and nonmedical professions before the launch of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Material and Methods The study was conducted among employers of 1 of the institutions: The Provincial Specialist Hospital of Władysław Biegański in Łódź, Poland, Radio Łódź and the Border Guards of Łódź Airport. Blood samples were collected in December 2020–February 2021. Patients were screened for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Simultaneously respondents were asked to complete a self-designed questionnaire including demographic data, detailed profession, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Results Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the group of rural residents (p < 0.012), participants who declared previous COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001) and healthcare workers (HCWs) (p = 0.002), especially nurses (35.5%, p = 0.003) and medics worked in areas dedicated to COVID-19 than in other specialties (38.7% vs. 26.8%, respectively, p = 0.017). There was no association between the presence of antibodies and the gender (p = 0.118), age (p = 0.559) or BMI (p = 0.998). Conclusions Healthcare workers, in particular nurses, are at high risk of contracting COVID-19 in the workplace. Occupational infections can occur during occur not only during contact with the patient, but also with members of the medical team who do not show typical symptoms of the disease. Shortages in medical staff may also increase the number of infections among HCWs. Medical and hospital staff providing health services during the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland, may seek compensation in the event of consequences related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of education and self-discipline in complying to safety rules among HCWs should also be constantly monitored.

8

Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices of occupational physicians towards vaccinations of health care workers: A cross sectional pilot study in North-Eastern Italy

75%

Riccò M., Cattani S., Casagranda F., Gualerzi G., Signorelli C.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 30

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issue 5

775-790

EN

Objectives This study aims to characterize personal attitudes and knowledge of a sample of Italian occupational physicians (OPhs) towards immunization practice in the case of healthcare workers (HCWs). Material and Methods A total of 90 OPhs (42.2% of males, 57.8% of females, mean age of 50.1±8.3 years old) compiled a structured questionnaire through a telephonic interview. They were asked about the official Italian recommendations for HCWs, their general knowledge of vaccine practice, their propensity towards vaccines (both in general and about specific immunizations), their risk perception about the vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. Eventually, a regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors predictive for vaccine propensity. Results Only 12 out of 90 subjects correctly identified all the 7 recommended immunizations. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine was correctly identified by 95.6% of the sample, and was also associated with the more positive attitude and the more accurate risk perception. Influenza vaccine had the lowest acceptance (75.9%). Eventually, pertussis, measles, parotitis and varicella vaccines were insufficiently recognized as recommended ones (all cases < 50% of the sample). General knowledge of vaccine and knowledge of official recommendations were significantly correlated with the attitude towards immunization practice (r = 0.259, p = 0.014 and r = 0.438, p < 0.0001). In the regression analysis general knowledge (unstandardized coefficient (B) = 0.300, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.090–0.510, p = 0.006) and risk perception (B = 0.579, 95% CI: 0.155–1.003, p = 0.008) were significant predictors of the propensity to vaccinate. Conclusions Vaccinations gaps in HCWs may found their roots in OPhs incomplete knowledge of evidence-based recommendations. Specific training programs and formations courses should then be planned. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(5):775–790

9

Leisure-time physical inactivity among healthcare workers

75%

Rocha S. V., Barbosa A. R., Araújo T. M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 31

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issue 3

251-260

EN

Objectives To estimate the prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity (LTPI) and associated factors among healthcare workers. Material and Methods The cross-sectional study carried out with 2684 healthcare workers from 4 municipalities from the northeast region, Brazil. The LTPI was assessed by dichotomous question. The association between LTPI and the various independent variables was examined through the multinomial logistic regression analysis (crude and adjusted). Results The prevalence of LTPI was 47.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 46.01–48.80). The adjusted analysis (sociodemographic and occupational characteristics) showed that women and individuals with higher levels of education were more LTPI (p = 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of LTPI was high among the population investigated, especially among women and individuals with higher education. These results show the importance of developing actions to encourage adherence to physical activity during leisure time among workers, especially among the most vulnerable groups (people with higher education and women), given the benefits of this behavior to health. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(3):251–260

10

Cytostatics as hazardous chemicals in healthcare workers’ environment

75%

Pałaszewska-Tkacz A., Czerczak S., Konieczko K., Kupczewska-Dobecka M.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2019

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vol. 32

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issue 2

141-159

EN

Cytostatics not only induce significant side-effects in patients treated oncologically but also pose a threat to the health of occupationally exposed healthcare workers: pharmacists, physicians, nurses and other personnel. Since the 1970s numerous reports from various countries have documented the contamination of working areas with cytostatics and the presence of drugs/metabolites in the urine or blood of healthcare employees, which directly indicates the occurrence of occupational exposure to these drugs. In Poland the significant scale of occupational exposure to cytostatics is also confirmed by the data collected in the central register of occupational carcinogens/mutagens kept by the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine. The assessment of occupational exposure to cytostatics and health risks constitutes employers’ obligation. Unfortunately, the assessment of occupational risk resulting from exposure to cytostatics raises a number of concerns. Provisions governing the problem of workers’ health protection are not unequivocal because they derive from a variety of law areas, especially in a matter of hazard classification and safety data sheets for cytostatics. Moreover, no legally binding occupational exposure limits have been set for cytostatics or their active compounds, and analytical methods for these substances airborne and biological concentrations are lacking. Consequently, the correct assessment of occupational exposure to cytostatics, the evaluation of health hazards and the development of the proper preventive strategy appear difficult. The authors of this article described and discussed the amendments to the European provisions concerning chemicals in the light of employers’ obligations in the field of employees’ heath protection against the consequences of exposure to cytostatics. Some modifications aimed at a more effective health protection of workers occupationally exposed to cytostatics were also proposed. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(2):141–59

11

Association between metabolic syndrome and disability due to low back pain among care workers

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Tsuboi Y., Ueda Y., Sugimoto T., Naruse F., Ono R.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2017

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vol. 31

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issue 2

165-172

EN

Objectives: To elucidate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and disability due to low back pain (LBP) among care workers. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 656 care workers having experienced LBP in the year prior to the year of this study. The Roland-Morris Disability questionnaire (RDQ) and self-reported questionnaires regarding LBP, fear of movement, depressive symptom, psychosocial factors, intensity of pain, and duration of pain were administered, and a medical examination was performed. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the international definition agreed in 2009. Out of the 656 care workers, we included 316 care workers (response rate: 48.2%) who had fully completed the questionnaires as the study sample (males: 13.6%, median age = 51 years old, range: 35–74 years old). To examine the association between MetS and the level of disability due to LBP, we used the Poisson regression analysis and estimated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Results: Out of the 316 care workers, 52 (16.5%) were diagnosed as having MetS. Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with the RDQ score (adjusted PR: 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.17–2.11) after adjusting for covariates, such as age, sex, fear of movement, job demands, social support, intensity of pain, and duration of pain. Conclusions: This study showed that MetS was independently associated with disability due to LBP among care workers. A multidisciplinary intervention taking MetS into consideration may be an effective way to reduce disability due to LBP in people with both LBP and MetS. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(2):165–172

12

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a cross-sectional study among medical school physicians and residents employed in a regional reference teaching hospital in Northern Italy

75%

Dini G., Montecucco A., Rahmani A., Barletta C., Pellegrini L., Debarbieri N., Orsi A., Caligiuri P., Varesano S., Manca A., Vargiu M. P., Di Carlo P., Massa E., Icardi G., Durando P.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 2

189-201

EN

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections among medical school physicians and residents, mainly young medical doctors. The awareness of COVID‑19 clinical manifestations can improve the early detection of mild cases, possibly reducing further transmission to colleagues and patients.Material and MethodsThe study was carried out in March–May 2020, involving medical school physicians in a teaching hospital in northern Italy, with a working population of 881 medical doctors. Data collection was performed using a structured form investigating clinical and epidemiological information.ResultsOne hundred sixty-two medical doctors contacted the Occupational Health Service reporting acute respiratory symptoms or close contact exposure to a confirmed COVID‑19 case. Among the confirmed COVID‑19 cases, most were male doctors during residency, and 85% presented a mild clinical picture. Fever (70.3%) and cough (51.4%) represented the most prevalent symptoms of COVID‑19. As revealed by the univariate analysis, the prevalence of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity increased with age (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14, p = 0.012), working in a COVID‑19 ward (OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.09–10.21, p = 0.031), presenting alteration or loss of smell/taste (OR = 10.00, 95%CI: 2.80–35.69, p < 0.001) and myalgia (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.00–10.26, p = 0.046), while being a resident (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.80, p = 0.030) was associated with reduced odds of being infected, compared to staff physicians. Age and loss of smell/taste were the only factors independently associated with RT-PCR positivity.ConclusionsThe majority of COVID‑19 cases showed a mild clinical syndrome, ranging from absence or paucity of symptoms to common cold or influenza-like symptoms. The findings of the present study increase the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis for the prompt identification and management of suspected COVID‑19 cases, being particularly useful during resurges of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

13

Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and seropositivity among healthcare workers and medical students in summer 2020, Hungary

75%

Kosztin A., Merkely B., Szabó A. J., Blaha B., Varga P., Vásárhelyi B., Vokó Z.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 35

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issue 2

209-216

EN

ObjectivesThe aim was to compare the prevalence of acute infection and seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students.Material and MethodsA high-volume, single-center analysis was conducted in the period of July 1‒August 1, 2020, at the Semmelweis University. Naso- and oropharyngeal samples were collected for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and blood samples for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. A questionnaire was also administered about the infection symptoms and the obtained results were assessed by profession and site of care delivery.ResultsFrom the total cohort (N = 7948), 4478 (56%) and 3470 (44%) were health professionals and medical students, respectively. They were mainly female (67%), and the mean age of HCWs and students was 40 and 25 years, respectively. By profession, physicians (1.5%) and other HCWs (1.8%) showed a comparable SARS-CoV-2 exposure. International students had the highest (2.1%), whereas Hungarian students had the lowest (0.6%) prevalence of seropositivity. The highest prevalence was detected among the staff of COVID-19 wards (12.1%). By PCR, medical students showed the lowest occurrence of active infection with a prevalence of 0.17%, while physicians and other HCWs had a higher prevalence (1.46% and 1.71%, respectively). By site of care delivery, positive test results were the most frequent at COVID-19 wards (3.8%).ConclusionsPhysicians and other HCWs showed comparable SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity prevalence, approximately twice as high as in the general population of Budapest. Hungarian students had lower prevalence of seropositivity than this reference. High prevalence among international students suggests that they had imported the infection. The very high prevalence of documented exposure among staff members at COVID-19 wards urges for improving the safety measures.

14

Coronavirus anxiety and exhaustion among Polish front-line healthcare workers – the mediation effect of insomnia

75%

Baka Ł.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 34

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issue 2

263-273

EN

ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the direct and indirect – mediated through insomnia – effect of coronavirus anxiety on exhaustion, from the perspective of Hobfoll’s theory of conservation of resources (COR). According to the COR theory, critical events (e.g., the coronavirus epidemic) make people fearful of losing their valuable resources. A prolonged state of anxiety may lead to sleeping troubles, which over time results in an increase in exhaustion.Material and MethodsData were collected from 440 Polish healthcare providers, including nurses and midwives, doctors, paramedics, medical assistance workers, and wardens. Three measures were used: the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (the sleeping trouble subscale) and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (the exhaustion subscale). Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe obtained results fully support the hypotheses. Both the direct and indirect relationships between coronavirus anxiety and exhaustion were observed. Specifically, high coronavirus anxiety increased insomnia, which in turn contributed to the development of exhaustion.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with the COR theory. Prolonged coronavirus anxiety and sleeping problems depleted healthcare providers’ resources and made them feel exhausted. Exhaustion among these workers can have serious consequences not only for themselves but also for the health of their patients. Therefore, research into effective ways to deal with coronavirus anxiety is needed.

15

Seasonal influenza vaccination of healthcare workers: a narrative review

75%

Jędrzejek M. J., Mastalerz-Migas A.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2021

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vol. 35

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issue 2

127-139

EN

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus which often occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide. The World Health Organization recommends annual vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) against influenza, because most of them are involved in the direct care of patients with a high risk of influenza-related complications. Given the significance of the disease burden, a targeted literature review was conducted to assess issues related to influenza vaccination among HCWs. The primary aim of this review was to assess the incidence of influenza among medical personnel and healthcare-associated influenza, and to outline the benefits of influenza vaccination for patients and HCWs themselves. Vaccination of HCWs seems to be an important strategy for reducing the transmission of influenza from healthcare personnel to their patients and, therefore, for reducing patient morbidity and mortality, increasing patient safety, and reducing work absenteeism among HCWs. The benefits of influenza vaccination for their patients and for HCWs themselves are addressed in literature, but the evidence is mixed and often of low-quality.

16

Did safety-engineered device implementation contribute to reducing the risk of needlestick and sharps injuries? Retrospective investigation of 20 years of observation in a specialist tertiary referral hospital

75%

Szczypta A., Różańska A., Siewierska M., Drożdż K., Szura M., Talaga-Ćwiertnia K.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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2024

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vol. 37

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issue 2

234-243

EN

Objectives In Poland, there are numerous cases of injuries caused by sharp instruments annually, still significantly more than in other European Union countries. The aim of this study was to analyze work-related injuries among healthcare workers in a selected hospital before and after the implementation of safety-engineered devices (SED). Material and Methods Retrospective analysis of medical documentation regarding occupational needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSI) in a tertiary referral surgical hospital in 1998–2018. The study group consisted of nurses and doctors who had been injured and reported the incident. The frequency of injury reports, injury rate, and characterization of circumstances surrounding NSSI are presented. Results Over the period of 20 years, a total of 257 NSSI incidents were reported. The average injury rate was statistically significant for nurses (p = 0.004) and was higher before the introduction of SED. Moreover, the number of injuries among nurses showed a downward trend during the study period. However, for doctors, there was no statistically significant difference in the median puncture rate (p = 0.099), and the number of injuries showed an increasing trend. Conclusions In this study, the authors’ have demonstrated not only the occurrence of injuries and punctures in the daily work of medical personnel but also the potential for their reduction through the use of safety equipment at every workstation where healthcare services are provided using sharp medical instruments.

17

Work safety among Polish health care workers in respect of exposure to bloodborne pathogens

63%

Rybacki M., Piekarska A., Wiszniewska M., Walusiak-Skorupa J.

Medycyna Pracy

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2013

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vol. 64

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issue 1

1-10

PL

Wstęp: Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby jest drugą najczęściej stwierdzaną zakaźną chorobą zawodową i rozpoznawaną głównie u pracowników ochrony zdrowia. Ta grupa zawodowa jest najbardziej narażona w miejscu pracy na ryzyko ekspozycji na patogeny krwiopochodne, w tym wirusy HBV i HCV. Celem badania była ocena skuteczności działań ukierunkowanych na bezpieczeństwo pracy w placówkach ochrony zdrowia, częstości incydentów ekspozycji na materiał biologiczny w ostatnich 12 miesiącach poprzedzających badanie oraz ich zgłaszalności. Materiał i metody: Do analizy użyto badania kwestionariuszowego przeprowadzonego w latach 2009-2010 wśród 1138 pracowników ochrony zdrowia. Wyniki: Ekspozycja na materiał biologiczny miała miejsce u 242 pracowników (21% całej grupy). Tylko 146 osób zgłosiło te zdarzenia odpowiednim służbom. Przypadkowe przerwanie ciągłości tkanek miało związek z postrzeganiem pracy jako obarczonej wysokim stopniem narażenia (OR = 3,69, p = 0,0027), zatrudnieniem w ambulatoryjnych (w porównaniu ze stacjonarnymi) placówkach ochrony zdrowia (OR = 1,71, p = 0,0089), przekonaniem o niewystarczającym poziomie przekazywanych przez zakład pracy informacji na temat zakażeń krwiopochodnych oraz brakiem procedur i wiedzy dotyczących raportowania ekspozycji. Wnioski: Mimo prezentowania w różnych publikacjach wytycznych dotyczących postępowania poekspozycyjnego, szczególnie w placówkach nieświadczących usług całodobowych, procedury te są nieznane bądź nieprzestrzegane. Powinien być kładziony większy nacisk na szkolenie pracowników, szczególnie w zakresie ryzyka transmisji zakażeń oraz korzyści płynących z przestrzegania procedur poekspozycyjnych i zgłaszania przypadków ekspozycji. Med. Pr. 2013;64(1):1-10

EN

Objectives: Viral hepatitis is the second most often identified infectious illness acquired at work and it is mostly registered among health care personnel. This group of workers is at greater risk of exposure to blood and bloodborne pathogens, including hepatitis B and C viruses. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of methods promoting work safety in healthcare settings, to assess the frequency of exposures in the last 12 months prior to the study and to determine a rate of reporting them to appropriate authorities. Methods: A total of 1138 Polish healthcare workers were interviewed during the study period (between 2009 and 2010). Results: Sustaining accidental occupational percutaneous exposure during last 12 months was declared by 242 workers (21% of the whole group). Only in 146 cases these incidents were reported to authorities. Exposure incidents were associated with self-perception of high risk of exposure (OR = 3.69, p = 0.0027), employment in out-patient (vs. hospital-based) healthcare setting (OR = 1.71, p = 0.0089), conviction that the level of information about bloodborne infections conveyed at work was insufficient, lack of both exposure reporting system and knowledge about the ways of reporting. Conclusions: Despite the different established proposals of the post-exposure procedures, it turns out that particularly in small, not providing 24 hours service healthcare settings these procedures are not known or are not respected. More attention should be given to education, especially in regard to the risk of infection, advantages of post-exposure prophylaxis and reporting exposure incidents. Med Pr 2013;64(1):1–10

18

Szczepienia pracowników medycznych przeciw grypie – poziom zaszczepienia, determinanty, możliwości interwencji

51%

Jędrzejek M. J., Mastalerz-Migas A.

Medycyna Pracy

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2021

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vol. 72

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issue 3

305-319

EN

Influenza vaccination, as a key element of control activities intended, inter alia, to prevent nosocomial influenza transmission, is recommended each year for all healthcare workers (HCWs). Due to these recommendations and the importance of influenza vaccination among HCWs, a targeted literature review was conducted to assess issues related to vaccination coverage, declared motivators and barriers, as well as interventions to increase vaccination coverage in this professional group. Data obtained from the available publications implies that influenza vaccination rates among WHCs are universally low and vary over time as well as between regions and different types of healthcare professionals (physicians/nurses). One of the main determinants of influenza vaccine uptake is the desire to protect oneself and one’s family. On the other hand, practical considerations and misconceptions about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines are the most frequently mentioned preventative causes. There is an urgent need to implement well-organized educational campaigns as this is key to increasing vaccination rates as part of a non-mandatory vaccination strategy. Med Pr. 2021;72(3):305–19

PL

Szczepienia przeciw grypie są zalecane każdego roku wszystkim pracownikom medycznym jako kluczowy element działań mających na celu m.in. zapobieganie transmisji grypy w placówkach opieki zdrowotnej. Biorąc pod uwagę to zalecenie oraz znaczenie takich szczepień, dokonano przeglądu niesystematycznego literatury, by ocenić kwestie związane z poziomem zaszczepienia, deklarowanymi motywami oraz barierami dotyczącymi szczepień, a także interwencjami, których celem jest zwiększenie wskaźnika szczepień w tej grupie zawodowej. Dane z dostępnych publikacji wskazują, że wskaźnik realizacji szczepień przeciw grypie wśród pracowników medycznych jest ogólnie niski i zróżnicowany w czasie, lokalnie, a także wśród poszczególnych zawodów medycznych. Głównym motywem szczepienia przeciw grypie jest chęć ochrony siebie i rodziny. Wśród licznych barier wymienia się najczęściej błędne przekonania dotyczące bezpieczeństwa i skuteczności szczepień oraz bariery organizacyjne. Wskazuje się, że jest duża potrzeba prowadzenia działań edukacyjnych oraz promocyjnych będących kluczowymi elementami zwiększania poziomu zaszczepienia w strategii dobrowolnych szczepień.

19

Częstość pozytywnych wyników testów serologicznych przeciw SARS-CoV-2 u personelu medycznego Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej

51%

Wojczyk M., Kowalska M.

Medycyna Pracy

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2022

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vol. 73

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issue 2

125-133

EN

Silesia is one of the regions in Poland most affected by the COVID-19 epidemic. The high number of infections among the inhabitants of the region increases the already high risk of infection of SARS-CoV-2 virus of medical workers who, due to their work, are more likely to be exposed to people with SARS-CoV-2 than people from the general population. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in the Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area based on the results of a seroepidemiological study.Material and MethodsThe seroepidemiological study was carried out in October– November 2020 among the inhabitants of the Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area (including medical professionals who were selected, creating a research group of healthcare workers). Apart from the questionnaire examination necessary to determine the declared symptoms, circumstances and risk factors conducive to infection, the level of specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the IgG and IgM class was assessed.ResultsIn the study participated 575 people declaring their medical profession. A positive test for the presence of IgG antibodies was confirmed in 19.1% of the respondents, while a positive test for IgM concerned 4.3% of the subjects. The most common positive results indicating infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus concerned people declaring prior contact with an infected person (p = 0.001) and those undergoing quarantine (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe frequency of SARS-CoV-2 virus infections in medical personnel in the Upper Silesia Metropolitan Area, assessed on the basis of a positive IgG antibody test result, was 16.1–22.5%. Med Pr. 2022;73(2):125–33

PL

Śląsk jest jednym z regionów Polski najbardziej dotkniętych przez epidemię COVID-19. Wysoka liczba zakażeń wśród mieszkańców zwiększa i tak wysokie ryzyko zakażenia SARS-CoV-2 pracowników medycznych, którzy ze względu na swoją pracę są narażeni na kontakt z nosicielami SARS-CoV-2 częściej niż osoby z populacji ogólnej. Celem niniejszego badania była ocena na podstawie wyników badania seroepidemiologicznego rozpowszechnienia zakażenia SARS-CoV-2 wśród pracowników ochrony zdrowia z Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej.Materiał i metodyBadanie seroepidemiologiczne przeprowadzono w okresie październik–listopad 2020 r. wśród mieszkańców Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej (objęło m.in. osoby wykonujące zawody medyczne, które wyselekcjonowano, tworząc grupę badanych pracowników medycznych). Poza przeprowadzeniem badania kwestionariuszowego, niezbędnego do ustalenia objawów, okoliczności oraz czynników ryzyka sprzyjających zakażeniu, oceniono obecność swoistych przeciwciał przeciwko SARS-CoV-2 w klasach IgG oraz IgM.WynikiW badaniu wzięło udział 575 osób deklarujących wykonywanie zawodu medycznego. Dodatni wynik testu na obecność przeciwciał w klasie IgG uzyskano u 19,1% badanych, a w klasie IgM – u 4,3% badanych. Dodatnie wyniki, wskazujące na zakażenie SARS-CoV-2, najczęściej dotyczyły osób deklarujących wcześniejszy kontakt z osobą zakażoną (p = 0,001) oraz odbywających kwarantannę (p < 0,0001).WnioskiCzęstość zakażeń SARS-CoV-2 u personelu medycznego w Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej, oceniana na podstawie pozytywnego wyniku testu przeciwciał w klasie IgG, wynosi 16,1–22,5%. Med. Pr. 2022;73(2):125–133

20

Polska wersja kwestionariusza do mierzenia stresu pourazowego PTSD-8 w badaniach czterech grup zawodów medycznych

51%

Mazur J., Kozakiewicz A., Porwit K., Izdebski Z.

Medycyna Pracy

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2024

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vol. 75

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issue 1

45-56

EN

Background There are several techniques to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms that correspond to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification of mental disorders. This study aimed at testing the reliability and construct validity of the Polish version of the PTSD-8. The results obtained in 4 professional groups of healthcare workers (physicians, nurses, paramedics, other occupations) were compared. Material and Methods The PTSD-8 questionnaire includes questions on stress reactions manifested by intrusion (4 items), avoidance (2 items), or hypervigilance (2 items). Respondents were asked about their reactions to the traumatic work-related experiences occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic. The nationwide survey conducted in 2022 included 2303 employees, among whom 746 had such an experience and completed the PTSD-8 questionnaire. Results Based on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results, it was shown that a single-factor model is acceptable, but under the condition of modification by correlation of random errors at selected observable variables. The reliability of this scale is very good (McDonald’s Ω = 0.890), and the goodness-of-fit of the overall CFA model is confirmed by: CMIN/DF = 3.969, NFI = 0.982, RFI = 0.964, IFI = 0.986, TLI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.063. The model estimated for female nurses has the best psychometric properties. In the study group of 2303 respondents, 16.76% met the criteria for PTSD, accounting for 52.74% of those who were traumatized by a work-related event. The PTSD-8 index is M±SD 20.01±5.55 pts (range: 8–32 pts). The PTSD-8 index is significantly higher in women than in men, and higher in nurses compared to other professions. However, the differences between professional groups are significant only for women, and the largest when comparing female physicians and nurses. Conclusions The analyses confirmed the rationale of further implementation of the PTSD-8 questionnaire in Poland, both as a tool for identifying PTSD and for studying the severity of the syndrome, its determinants and health effects.

PL

Wstęp Istnieje wiele technik, które pozwalają diagnozować objawy stresu pourazowego (post-traumatic stress disorder – PTSD) odpowiadające klasyfikacji zaburzeń psychicznych (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders– DSM). Celem analiz była ocena rzetelności i trafności teoretycznej polskiej wersji PTSD-8 oraz porównanie wyników uzyskanych w 4 grupach zawodowych pracowników ochrony zdrowia (lekarze, pielęgniarki, ratownicy medyczni i inne zawody). Materiał i metody Kwestionariusz PTSD-8 zawiera pytania na temat reakcji stresowych objawiających się intruzją (4 itemy), unikaniem (2 itemy) lub nadmiernym pobudzeniem (2 itemy). Respondenci byli pytani o reakcję na doświadczenia w związku z traumatycznymi przeżyciami związanymi z pracą zawodową w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Ogólnopolskim badaniem ankietowym przeprowadzonym w 2022 r. objęto 2303 pracowników, z których 746 doznało traumatycznego zdarzenia i wypełniło kwestionariusz PTSD-8. Wyniki Na podstawie wyników konfirmacyjnej analizy czynnikowej (confirmatory factor analysis – CFA) wykazano, że dopuszczalny jest model 1-czynnikowy, ale pod warunkiem modyfikacji przez skorelowanie błędów losowych przy wybranych zmiennych obserwowalnych. Rzetelność tej skali okazała się bardzo dobra (Ω McDonalda = 0,890), a o dobrej jakości dopasowania ogólnego modelu CFA świadczą następujące wskaźniki: CMIN/DF = 3,969, NFI = 0,982, RFI = 0,964, IFI = 0,986, TLI = 0,983 i RMSEA = 0,063. Najlepszymi własnościami psychometrycznymi cechował się model oszacowany dla pielęgniarek. W badanej grupie (N = 2303) 16,76% respondentów spełniało kryteria PTSD, co stanowi 52,74% osób, które doznały traumatycznego przeżycia związanego z pracą w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Średni indeks PTSD-8 wynosił M±SD 20,01±5,55 pkt (zakres: 8–32 pkt) i był istotnie wyższy u kobiet niż u mężczyzn oraz wyższy w przypadku pielęgniarek niż innych zawodów. Różnice między grupami zawodowymi były jednak istotne tylko dla kobiet, a największe przy porównaniu lekarek i pielęgniarek. Wnioski Przeprowadzone analizy potwierdzają zasadność dalszego wdrażania w Polsce kwestionariusza PTSD-8 zarówno jako narzędzia wspomagającego wczesną diagnostykę PTSD, jak i do badania nasilenia tego zespołu, jego uwarunkowań i skutków zdrowotnych.

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Szczepienia pracowników medycznych przeciw grypie – poziom zaszczepienia, determinanty, możliwości interwencji

Częstość pozytywnych wyników testów serologicznych przeciw SARS-CoV-2 u personelu medycznego Aglomeracji Górnośląskiej

Polska wersja kwestionariusza do mierzenia stresu pourazowego PTSD-8 w badaniach czterech grup zawodów medycznych