Search results

1

Analysis of demand in steel and iron industry – latent variables model

100%

Barska M.

Przegląd Statystyczny

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2019

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vol. 66

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issue 4

247-269

EN

Demand in the steel and iron industry is influenced by multiple factors. Not all of them can be identified and measured. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the levels of demand achieved by a selected enterprise from this sector in the years 2010–2014. The aim of the study is to build a hidden Markov model which would reflect the turning points of this demand, thus making it possible to forecast its future levels. The model’s forecasting properties and stability have been examined. A simulation has been carried out that involved generating a high number of series for selected model parameters and checking their properties. This demonstrated that a three-state second order hidden Markov model was most relevant to the purpose of the study. Thanks to the model’s application, it was possible to describe states which could potentially shape the demand. Moreover, taking the transition state into consideration allowed spotting the signal about the upcoming replacement of the growth phase with the decline phase, and vice versa. The presented second order hidden Markov model can serve as an alternative to the traditional methods of the analysis of time series. The forecast generated by the model informs about the shaping of a trend in demand and serves as an indication of the shifts in economic cycles.

2

Time stability of the impact of institutions on economic growth and real convergence of the EU countries: implications from the hidden Markov models analysis

88%

Bernardelli M., Próchniak M., Witkowski B.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2021

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vol. 16

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issue 2

285-323

EN

Research background: It is not straightforward to identify the role of institutions for the economic growth. The possible unknown or uncertain areas refer to nonlinearities, time stability, transmission channels, and institutional complementarities. The research problem tackled in this paper is the analysis of the time stability of the relationship between institutions and economic growth and real economic convergence. Purpose of the article: The article aims to verify whether the impact of the institutional environment on GDP dynamics was stable over time or diffed in various subperiods. The analysis covers the EU28 countries and the 1995?2019 period. Methods: We use regression equations with time dummies and interactions to assess the stability of the impact of institutions on economic growth. The analysis is based on the partially overlapping observations. The models are estimated with the use of Blundell and Bond?s GMM system estimator. The results are then averaged with the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) approach. Structural breaks are identified on the basis of the Hidden Markov Models (HMM). Findings & value added: The value added of the study is threefold. First, we use the HMM approach to find structural breaks. Second, the BMA method is applied to assess the robustness of the outcomes. Third, we show the potential of HMM in foresighting. The results of regression estimates indicate that good institution reflected in the greater scope of economic freedom and better governance lead to the higher economic growth of the EU countries. However, the impact of institutions on economic growth was not stable over time.

3

Ukryte modele Markowa w analizie wyników testu koniunktury gospodarczej

63%

Bernardelli M., Dędys M.

Prace i Materiały Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH

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2012

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vol. 90: Badania koniunktury - zwierciadło gospodarki. Część I

159-181

PL

W pracy zbadana została możliwość wykorzystania algorytmu Viterbiego do analizy sald odpowiedzi respondentów na pytania testu koniunktury w przemyśle, prowadzonego przez Instytut Rozwoju Gospodarczego Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie. W badaniu rozważane były pytania dotyczące oceny stanu obecnego. Do analizy wykorzystane zostały ukryte modele Markowa z warunkowymi rozkładami normalnymi. Pod uwagę brane były modele, w których łańcuchy Markowa mają dwuelementową i trójelementową przestrzeń stanów. Uzyskane wyniki zostały skonfrontowane z pochodzącymi z różnych źródeł datowaniami punktów zwrotnych cyklu koniunkturalnego. Badane modele zostały porównane pod względem skuteczności w wychwytywaniu sygnałów o nadchodzących zmianach w koniunkturze. Przeprowadzone analizy przemawiają za stosowaniem modeli z trzystanowymi łańcuchami Markowa. Wyniki badania sugerują ponadto, iż należy brać pod uwagę opóźnienia między odpowiedziami respondentów a zmianami klimatu koniunktury.

EN

The paper considers the possibility of using the Viterbi algorithm to analyse results of the RIED WSE business surveys in the manufacturing industry.The analysis was focused on the state balances. The hidden Markov models with conditional normal distributions were applied. There were considered models with two-state and three-state Markov chains. The results were compared with the timing of turning points taken from other sources. The tested models were compared in terms of effectiveness in detecting of coming changes in economic conditions. The analysis suggests models with three-state Markov chains be used. The results also suggest that it is necessary to take into account a delay between the opinions of survey respondents and changes in economic climate.

Refine search results

1 Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

1 Prace i Materiały Instytutu Rozwoju Gospodarczego SGH

1 Przegląd Statystyczny

2 Bernardelli M.

1 Barska M.

1 Dędys M.

1 Próchniak M.

1 Witkowski B.

1 2021

1 2020

1 2012

Analysis of demand in steel and iron industry – latent variables model

Time stability of the impact of institutions on economic growth and real convergence of the EU countries: implications from the hidden Markov models analysis

Ukryte modele Markowa w analizie wyników testu koniunktury gospodarczej