Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 6

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  hipoteka przymusowa
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2014
|
vol. 14
|
issue 4
131-154
PL
The Judicial Mortgage: A Form of Securing Tax Liability Summary This paper incorporates a characterisation and a thorough dogmatic analysis of the judicial mortgage as a form of securing the satisfaction of tax liabilities in Polish law. The significance of this issue warrants a discussion of the research both on its practical and theoretical aspects. In addition there has not been much interest in this subject in the Polish tax and legal literature. Undoubtedly, the amendments introduced during the last few years have prompted numerous questions and doubts with regard to these issues, which justifies the need for such research all the more. The fact that securing the satisfaction of tax liabilities is performed by employing methods well-known in civil law connected with liability involving rights in rem such as the mortgage, and the insufficient regulations regarding the judicial mortgage in tax law have made it necessary to analyse the legislation on private law as well as the doctrines and case-law connected with it.
EN
The article discusses the unconstitutionality of the provision of the article 70 § 8 of the Tax Ordinance, which prevents a tax liability from expiring to the extent that it has been secured by a compulsory mortgage. The author refers primarily to the judgment of the Constitutional Court of 8 October 2013, SK 40/12, which was at a later stage the basis for the establishment of a uniform line of judgement. Referring to a wealth of case law, the author indicates the reasons for the unconstitutionality of this provision and discusses the charges that may be raised before the court if the tax authority applies the disposition containe d in this provision.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest kwestia niekonstytucyjności przepisu art. 70 § 8 ustawy z dnia 29 sierpnia 1997 r. – Ordynacja podatkowa [1, dalej „Ordynacja podatkowa”], uniemożliwiającego przedawnienie się zobowiązania podatkowego w zakresie, w jakim zostało zabezpieczone hipoteką przymusową. Autor odwołuje się przede wszystkim do wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 8 października 2013 r. [2], który stanowił na późniejszym etapie podstawę do ugruntowania się jednolitej linii orzeczniczej. Odnosząc się do bogatego orzecznictwa, autor wskazuje przyczyny niekonstytucyjności wspomnianego przepisu oraz omawia zarzuty, które można podnieść przed sądem, w przypadku gdyby organ podatkowy zastosował dyspozycję zawartą w tym uregulowaniu.
PL
W głosowanym orzeczeniu Trybunał Konstytucyjny uznał, że ustawodawca niewłaściwie wyważył ochronę praw wierzyciela i dłużnika w sytuacji ustanowienia zabezpieczenia przez obciążenie nieruchomości hipoteką przymusową. Artykuł zawiera analizę orzeczenia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego oraz rozważania na temat powiązanych instytucji, jak art. 754(1) § 1 Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego, a także proponowane rozwiązania przedstawionego problemu.
EN
In the commented ruling the Constitutional Tribunal claimed the lawmaker improperly balanced the protection of the rights of the creditor and the debtor with regard to establishing collateral by encumbering the real estate with compulsory mortgage. The article contains the analysis of the ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal as well as related instruments set forth in art. 754(1) § 1 Code of Civil Procedure, and possible solutions to the presented problem.
EN
The main subject of the discussion concerns issues related to securing tax obligations before issuing a decision setting or determining the amount of tax liability. In such a case, the tax authority issues a decision determining the approximate amount of the tax liability (decision on securing), under which the order for the collateral is issued. First, issues related to the expiration and revocation of a decision on securing are discussed. Then, the impact of the revoked decision on the validity of the collateral order is presented, and the effects of the revocation of an administrative act in administrative proceedings on the land and mortgage register proceedings are discussed. The author also attempts to answer the question whether revocation of an administrative act constituting the basis for an entry of a compulsory mortgage may constitute a new fact or evidence in the appellate proceedings concerning the land and mortgage register.
PL
Główny przedmiot prowadzonych rozważań dotyczy zagadnień związanych z zabezpieczeniem zobowiązań podatkowych przed wydaniem decyzji ustalającej wysokość zobowiązania podatkowego lub określającej wysokość zobowiązania podatkowego. W takim przypadku organ podatkowy wydaje decyzję określającą przybliżoną kwotę zobowiązania podatkowego (decyzja o zabezpieczeniu), na podstawie której wydawane jest zarządzenie zabezpieczenia. W pierwszej kolejności omówiono zagadnienia dotyczące wygaśnięcia oraz uchylenia decyzji o zabezpieczeniu. Przedstawiono problematykę związaną z wpływem uchylonej decyzji o zabezpieczeniu na ważność zarządzenia zabezpieczenia. Następnie omówiono skutki, jakie wywołuje uchylenie aktu administracyjnego w postępowaniu administracyjnym na postępowanie wieczystoksięgowe. Autorka podjęła też próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy uchylenie aktu administracyjnego stanowiącego podstawę wpisu hipoteki przymusowej może stanowić nowy fakt lub dowód w apelacyjnym postępowaniu wieczystoksięgowym.
EN
Tax obligations use special protection of law security in order to guarantee carrying them out. Such a protection in Polish law is secured by an institution of carrying out obligations which is based on civil law. Its basic aim is to decrease the risk of a creditor, which is connected with not carrying out or not proper carrying out loads by a debtor. Tax law, taking as a role model solutions from civil law, uses its own securing institution which is regulated in the act of Tax Regulations. The securing performs accessory function according to execution itself, securing proceedings are proceedings special to executive proceedings. Tax regulations constitutes four possible forms (modes) of securing of carrying out tax obligations: securing tax payer's property in the form of executive proceedings regulations in administration, tacit mortgage, fiscal pledge and valid from 1 September this year form which is implemented by accepting by the tax organ, due to a motion of a party, securing of carrying out obligations described in a decision of a securing. The circumstances of establishing the securing will be certain activities of a person obliged to fulfill services. They can be established both before the deadline of tax paying (if the tax payer permanently does not pays demanded tax obligations or disposes the property in such a way that execution can be made difficult or impossible to carry out) and when the deadline of tax paying is already missed i.e when there is tax arrears.
EN
Compulsory real estate mortgage is one of the forms of tax obligations fulfilling security. It is a form of a collateral security. It realizes its functions by means of securing mainly tax obligations. By operation of special regulations one can also secure other public tributes such as social security contribution, Labour Fund. As a rule, mortgage is a right which burdens a real estate and secures a claim. It's a right by operation of which a mortgage creditor can seek satisfaction from a real estate, no matter whose possession it became and with priority over personal creditors of the freeholder. Compulsory real estate mortgage is vested in the creditors of public law: the State Treasury and territorial self-government units on behalf of which tax authorities act. Compulsory real estate mortgage is vested for tax obligations (which emerged by issuing and servicing a decision which determines the amount of tax obligation), back taxes (concern all kind of taxes) and default interest on back taxes. Compulsory mortgage can be established on a real estate of a debtor and on exhaustively enumerated rights connected with a real estate. The subjective scope of mortgage includes: a tax payer, a payer, a tax collector, a successor to the rights of a tax payer or third party. Establishing of every mortgage, including compulsory real estate mortgage, is determined by entry to the mortgage register. A motion on a compulsory real estate mortgage can be put forward by tax authorities of both instances. The entry to the mortgage register is inserted by the court who conducts the mortgage register of the burdened real estate.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.