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EN
The objective of the paper is to present Russian anniversaries that commemorate important historical events as phenomena with a dual, rhetorical and ironic character. Rhetoric and irony are used with reference to individuals as well as imagined communities, such as nations. The memory of some historical events, or the lack of such memory, as well as the manners of referring to these events or ignoring them, result in the transformation of what community members think about themselves and their entanglement in common existence and fate. Therefore, changes of remembrance and oblivion, recollection or forgetting can integrate or disintegrate, intensifying the pride or shame of one’s national identity, which eventually results in satisfaction or frustration, and sometimes in a sense of superiority or inferiority. Pride and satisfaction are produced by rhetoric, while shame and frustration – by irony. Sometimes rhetorical-ironic playing with the past assumes particular significance, becoming an exceptionally important factor in social and political life. This phenomenon strongly intensified in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century, becoming a veritable ‘anniver- sary-mania’, and in 2012, which President of the Russian Federation, Dmitry Medvedev, de- clared the Year of Russian History. The periods analyzed in the paper are around one hundred years apart. Russian society has totally changed over this period, mainly as a result of the revolution, two world wars and several decades of communist rule. In 1990, the Russian Federation was established, a state with an authoritarian-democratic hybrid of a political system. Despite these transformations, modern Russians repeat numerous set behavioral patterns from the beginning of the 20th century. These patterns are used by the advocates of affirmative as well as critical approaches to the history of Russia and the current social and political situation in the country.
RU
Статья посвящена анализу нового вида источника: интернет-блогов, как источника личного происхождения. В работе дается понятие интернет-блога; описывается специфика различных интернет-платформ; проблемы, встающие перед исследователем, использующим блоги в качестве исторического источника; особенности источниковедческого анализа интернет-блогов. Автором рассматриваются отдельные разновидности личных блогов, например, блоги российских чиновников. Затрагивается роль интернет-блогов в изучении истории России начала XXI в.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie nowego rodzaju źródła: blogów internetowych, jako źródła pochodzenia osobistego. Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję blogu internetowego. Opisano: specyfikę różnych platform internetowych; problemu, przed którymi stoi badacz wykorzystujący blogi jako źródło historyczne; cechy analizy źródłowej blogów internetowych. Autor analizuje pewne kategorie blogów osobistych, na przykład blogi rosyjskich urzędników. Zarysowuje znaczenie blogów internetowych w badaniu historii Rosji na początku XXI wieku.
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of Internet blogs as a source of personal origin. The paper gives the concept of an online blog; describes the specifics of various Internet platforms; problems faced by a researcher using blogs as a historical source; features of source analysis of online blogs. The author examines certain categories of personal blogs, for example, blogs of Russian officials. The role of Internet blogs in studying the history of Russia at the beginning of the XXI century is touched.
RU
Среди формулируемых в последние десятилетия разнообразных видений российского будущего, обращает на себя внимание – предлагаемая некоторыми представителями западни-чески ориентированной части интеллигенции – дихотомическая формула: конец или новое начало истории России. Несмотря на то, что субъективный замысел ее авторов выражает ради-кальное дистанцирование от российского прошлого, ряд содержаний, присутствующих – пред-полагаемых – в мыслительных структурах их концепций демонстрирует симптоматичное по-добие ментальных оснований, структур и условий, совместно создающих как раз это прошлое, механизмы его продолжения и саморепродукции.
EN
Among the formulated in the last decades various visions of the Russian future, attention is drawn to – presented by some representatives of the Occidentalistically oriented part of the intelligentsia – the dichotomous formula: the end or the new beginning of the Russian history. Although the subjective intent of its authors expresses a radical distance to the Russian history, some content presented – assumed – in the mental structures of their idea shows the symptomatic similarity to the mental foundations, structures and conditions that contribute to history, the mechanisms of its continuation and self-reproduction.
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