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PL
Artykuł jest analizą znaczenia autobiografii i biografii w Diltheyowskiej hermeneutyceżycia historycznego. W ten sposób ukazuje wpływ Wilhelma Diltheya na kształtowaniesię koncepcji tożsamości narracyjnej we współczesnej filozofii. Wychodząc od metodologicznegoi epistemologicznego aspektu badań nad autobiografią, tekst wskazuje rolę owejkoncepcji w rozumieniu samego siebie i własnej tożsamości. Odwołanie do współczesnychautorów: Paula Ricoeura, Alasdaira MacIntyre’a oraz Charlesa Taylora umożliwiaodkrycie podobieństw między nimi a filozofią Diltheya oraz podstawowej różnicy. Polegaona na wyraźnym akcentowaniu u współczesnych autorów wymiaru etycznego koncepcjitożsamości narracyjnej.
XX
Translation based on: G. Balandier, Anthropo-logiques, PUF, Paris 1974, ch. IV: "Tradition, conformité, historicité", pp. 173-184. The reprint was made with the consent of the Presses Universitaires de France.
EN
The main goal of this article is to attempt to determine the analytical framework of social movements that would constitute an essential element of this form of collective activity. In order to identify this element (or elements) I will review the four main approaches to the study of social movements, which allows me to settle the issue in sociological conflict tradition. From the point of view of the outlined objective, Alain Touraine’s approach will be a key perspective.
XX
Translation based on: G. Balandier, Anthropologie politique, PUF, Paris 2004, ch. VII: "Tradition et modernité", part II: "Dynamique du traditionalisme et de la modernité", pp. 202-217. The reprint was made with the consent of the Presses Universitaires de France.
EN
The article is an analysis of the meaning of autobiography and biography in Dilthey’s hermeneuticsof the historical life. In this way, it shows Dilthey’s influence on the concept ofin contemporary philosophy. Starting from the methodological and epistemological aspectof research on the autobiography, this article shows the role of autobiography in selfunderstanding,and in understanding their own identity. The reference to Ricoeur, Mac-Intyre and Taylor enables discovery of similarities and differences between them and thephilosophy of Dilthey. The most important difference lies in the fact that contemporaryauthors direct their attention to the ethical dimension of the concept of narrative identity.
EN
The aim of the paper is to determine to what extent the concepts of causality and finality are theoretically applicable in interpreting history from the perspective of hermeneutic philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer and Odo Marquard. The author demonstrates that causality and finality, in their metaphysical and epistemological sense, are subject to explicit criticism by these two authors. He also shows that, despite their explicit repudiation, the senses of those concepts are reappropriated, thus revealing their key importance in their hermeneutical conceptions. The cause-and-effect relationship is being transformed into a game occurring in-between the present and the past. The finality expresses itself in three interrelated ways in: the autotelic nature of historical tradition, the task of understanding a specific tradition, and the interpretation of the current historical situation.
EN
Who was the “historical” Abraham and where did he come from? It is difficult to find an unambiguous answer to these questions. The article focuses on analyzing the Egyptian text from the time of Sheshonq I which mentions a place sometimes identified as “Abram’s field / fort”. However, this interpretation is pointed out as being uncertain and even very questionable. The next two points of analysis are biblical texts (Deut 26:5a; Gen 11:27-32). The names of Abraham’s family members are toponymic (male) or sym-bolic (female), constituting female nicknames associated with the worship of the moon god. Their analysis suggests the region of Charan, between the Euphrates and Habur riv-ers, where the worship of the moon god was very popular. These areas were previous-ly inhabited by the Amorites, and then by the Arameans. The article concludes that the “historical” Abraham may have come from the vicinity of Charan and had Amorite roots, while identification with the Arameans was only a typological element resulting from the experience of the same fate (deuteronomist). It was only later reinterpreted in favor of Jacob (cf. Gen 46:1-7), and finally in favor of Abraham in the final edition.
EN
Arthur C. Danto’s philosophical study of history is overshadowed by his more famous texts in the area of the philosophy of art. In the current discussion on the philosophy of history it follows then that the thematization of Danto’s conception of narrative and narrative sentences predominates. The author of this article instead focuses on the retrospective character of the uncovering of the meaning of historical events by Danto and argues that not the only the meaning of the given events is historically conditioned, as Danto claims, but also the narrative through which the significance is communicated. Although Danto does not address this problem, this study aims to show that this thesis is consistent with his philosophy. Narratives and historical texts in general are representations in Danto’s sense of the word, and all representations are, in their essence, also historical. This fact is clearly revealed in Danto’s texts about art, and it is on these that the author’s argument is based.
CS
Filosofické zkoumání dějin se v díle Arthura C. Danta ocitá ve stínu jeho slavnějších textů řazených do oblasti filosofie umění. V současné diskusi o filosofii dějin pak převládá tematizování Dantova pojetí narativu a narativních vět. Autorka se namísto toho zaměřuje na retrospektivní charakter odhalování významu historických událostí prosazovaný Dantem a dovozuje, že historicky podmíněný není pouze význam daných událostí, jak tvrdí Danto, ale také samy narativy, jejichž prostřednictvím je význam sdělován. Přestože Danto tomuto problému nevěnuje pozornost, klade si tato studie za cíl ukázat, že je tato teze s Dantovou filosofií v souladu. Narativy a historické texty obecně jsou totiž reprezentacemi v Dantově smyslu slova, přičemž jsou veškeré reprezentace ze své podstaty zároveň také historické. Tato skutečnost se zřetelně odhaluje v Dantových textech o umění, o které se argumentace autorky opírá.
EN
The article presents an analysis of the concept of “historicity”, which seems to be crucial for the understanding of the philosophical foundations of Miłosz’s work. The poet’s intention is to find a solution for the double dilemma of modern historical imagination: on the one hand, you should not become prey to the “murderous historicité”, but on the other, human life, when totally deprived of the historical dimension, seems to be empty and worthless. Miłosz found a solution of the dilemma in Stanisław Brzozowski’s philosophy, especially in his idea of of indispensability of historical consciousness, that is of “amplification” of historicity. The paradoxical, at first sight, attempt to overcome the disastrous consequences of historical thought through amplification of historicity itself, is seen in a wider contest of 20th-century philsophical investigations (Michaił Bachtin, Martin Heidegger, Barbara Skarga). It turns out that poetic discourse is the right place for its realization.
EN
Article is an attempt to explore the anthropological implications in Gadamer’s concept of language. In its first part I point to the essential differences between Heidegger’s and Gadamer’s concept of human being and their different attitude towards the anthropological and humanist tradition. In the second part I try to demonstrate the essential link between Gadamer’s concept of language as dialogue (Gespräch) and his concept of man.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje, w jaki sposób teksty postmodernistyczne próbują reinterpretować klasykę filmową. Jednym z takich sposobów jest wprowadzenie przez twórców (braci Coen) w obręb tekstu filmowego kategorii historyczności. Rozumiana jest ona zarówno jako forma rekonstrukcji przeszłości, jak i parawan, za którym toczy się dyskurs dotyczący problemów współczesnego świata. Autor polemizuje z obecnymi w refleksji badawczej tezami negującymi możliwość generowania przez estetykę postmodernistyczną znaczeń wychodzących poza obręb tekstu. W interpretacji filmu „Bracie, gdzie jesteś?” Skupień koncentruje się więc na tych aspektach doświadczania historyczności, które są świadectwem przekroczenia „powierzchniowego” czytania znaczeń w tekście postmodernistycznym. W tym celu autor wybiera takie problemy jak: kwestia fałszywej adaptacji, nawiązania gatunkowe do kina lat 30., rola muzyki jako nośnika wyobrażeń o przeszłości, a także bezpośrednie odniesienie do matrycy, na której są budowane sensy filmu braci Coen, czyli klasycznego obrazu Prestona Sturgesa „Podróże Sullivana”.
EN
The article shows how postmodern works try to reinterpret classic film. One such method is the introduction by the artists (the Coen brothers) into the film text a category of historicity. It is understood as a form of reconstruction of the past, as well as a screen behind which the discourse on the problems of the modern era takes place. The author disagrees with the theses present in contemporary research that negate the possibility of the postmodern aesthetic generating meaning that extends beyond the sphere of the text. In his interpretation of O Brother, Where Art Thou?’ (2000) Skupień focuses on those aspects of experiencing historicity, which extend beyond the surface reading of meanings in a postmodern text. The author examines issues such as: the question of false adaptation, references to 1930s cinema, the role of music as a vehicle for our ideas regarding the past, and a direct reference to the matrix upon which the meaning of Coen brothers’ film is built: i.e. the classic film of Preston Sturges – ‘Sullivan’s Travels’.
EN
Socrates as a philosopher is present in Patočka’s thinking in irreplaceable manner, and in all periods of his philosophical life. Patočka mainly accepts the Socratic idea of knowing the unknown. He is developing this idea step by step throughout the various periods of his philosophical work. Socratic knowing of the unknown, transformed through the problematisation and the moment of negativity successively into the principle of historicity, means for Patočka the essential resort for his own conception of philosophy of history in its top form. Within this conception he is attempting for a new, historical understanding of the sense of human life, and also of the sense of history. For Patočka, the history is understood on the basis of constant problematisation, it’s infinite, unresolved and opened – but it must remain this way, if we don’t want to think about the end of history.
EN
This article seeks to propose a preliminary methodology of dance research to explore dance as a historically changing impulse for a physical activity that occurs in respect of the culturally defined forms collectively known as ‘dance’ (or its equivalents in other languages). Referring to Alain Badiou’s concept of event and Judith Butler’s theory of materiality, the author suggests including in historical research what he calls ‘anti-bodies’, i.e. kinetic events that ontologically precede the activity of the body formalised as dancing. If a specific dance is the formalisation of the primeval act of dancing, the body is a result of the ‘anti-body’ materialised. Such ‘anti-bodies’ reveal themselves when the dancer, either consciously or by mistake, transgresses the chosen form. In this context, the author proposes writing a story that will concentrate on the dance emergence process rather than on its form. Practice as research constitutes a vital aspect of this approach whereby a text must establish its theoretical grounds. What results is the politics of counter-hegemony with ‘anti-bodies’ challenging the rigid identities of both individuals and aesthetic forms.
14
63%
Teologia w Polsce
|
2018
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vol. 12
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issue 2
35-48
EN
With the end of neoscholastic theology, there was a necessity of new definition of relation between dogmatics, which is now understood from the perspective of history of salvation, and exegesis which, among other methods, uses a historicocritical method. Fundamentals of that new understanding have been given by the constitution Dei Verbum of Vaticanum II. Reffering to this document, the article presents the thesis that the interpretation of the Holy Scripture by the Church through the ages, that is in the living Tradition, and historicocritical interpretation are two different approaches which, nevertheless, should not be contradicted. What is more, we can read the Bible and understand it not just as a historical text but as the Word of God for today, only when we take into account the mutual influence of these two approaches.
PL
Wraz z końcem teologii neoscholastycznej musiała zostać na nowo zdefiniowana relacja między dogmatyką, która jest teraz rozumiana historiozbawczo, a egzegezą, która posługuje się (między innymi) metodą historyczno-krytyczną. Solidne podstawy ku temu stworzyła konstytucja dogmatyczna o Objawieniu Bożym Dei Verbum Soboru Watykańskiego II. Opierając się na niej, niniejszy tekst reprezentuje tezę, że kościelna interpretacja Pisma Świętego przez stulecia, czyli w ramach żywej Tradycji, i interpretacja historyczno-krytyczna stanowią dwa różne podejścia do Biblii, które nie powinny być sobie przeciwstawiane. Tylko w ich wzajemnym oddziaływaniu można czytać i rozumieć Biblię jako Słowo Boże (!) dzisiaj, a nie tylko jako tekst historyczny.
PL
Czy Ezechiasz przeprowadził reformy religijne, których celem była centralizacja kultu w Jerozolimie? Na to pytanie trudno dać jednoznaczną odpowiedź. Opis reform jest lakoniczny i stereotypowy (2 Krl 18,4.22). Okoliczności historyczne wydają się jednak sprzyjać uznaniu go za historyczny. Również badania archeologiczne, choć jednoznacznie nie potwierdzają, to nie pozwalają też zdecydowanie zaprzeczyć takiej możliwości, choć wielu badaczy uważa, że nie było żadnego masowego napływu migrantów z północy, a wzrost populacji pod koniec VIII w. przed Chr. był naturalnym procesem demograficznym. Teksty poświęcone monarchii (1–2 Sm; 1–2 Krl) oraz samej centralizacji kultu (Pwt 12) lepiej wpisują się w sytuację z końca VII w. (czasy Jozjasza), zarówno gdy patrzymy na nie od strony analizy krytycznoliterackiej, jak i od strony analizy sytuacji polityczno-społecznej. Postać Ezechiasza mogła być jednak uznana przez autorów z VII w. przed Chr. za prekursora reform z czasów Jozjasza ze względu na „historyczną” informację o zniszczeniu przez niego kultu węża Nechusztana.
EN
Did Hezekiah carry out religious reforms aimed at centralizing worship in Jerusalem? It is difficult to give an unequivocal answer to this question. The description of reforms is laconic and stereotypical (2 Kgs 18:4.22). The historical circumstances, however, seem to favor its recognition as historical. Also archaeological research, although not confirming unequivocally, does not allow to deny such a possibility either, even if many researchers believe that there was no massive influx of migrants from the north and that the population growth towards the end of 8th c. BCE was a natural demographic process. Texts devoted to the monarchy (1–2 Sam; 1–2 Kgs) and to the centralization of worship (Deut 12) fit better with the situation at the end of the 7th c. BCE (time of Josiah), both when we look at them from the point of view of literary criticism and from the perspective of political and social situation. However, the figure of Hezekiah could be considered by the authors of the 7th c. BCE as a precursor of the reforms of Josiah’s time due to the “historical” information about his destruction of the serpent cult of Nehushtan.
EN
Drawing on ethnomethodology, this article addresses what participants do as ‘practical historians’ – how they use and produce history in and through their activities. Specifi cally, it studies how historical contingencies are built into antagonistic political talk and to what effect. To that end, the authors revisit three of their own papers, all of which analysed how the 9/11 attacks in the United States were represented. The authors reanalyse the texts focusing on how the protagonists in the confl ict (Bush, Blair and bin Laden) ‘did history’. The analysis reveals two related methods of ‘practicing history’: one is to situate contemporary events relative to historical antecedents and so provide them with history-contingent meanings; the other is to constrain the historical understanding of the events in future.
EN
This paper focuses on some specific aspects of the theory developed by Karl Marx, who as a philosopher distanced himself from philosophy because he questioned its tra-ditional forms. Marx postulated tying philosophical cognition to scientific study (today known as inter-disciplinary research), he also strongly emphasised the importance of complementarity between social theory and social praxis. Marxism brought a break-through which paved the way for the philosophies of the 20th-century. The author de-votes particular attention to Marxism’s forecasts, and concludes that, although Marx can be counted among the pioneers of globalisation having foreseen capitalism’s global expansion, today’s social trends appear to be steering away from the kingdom of free-dom he envisioned.
18
63%
EN
In this article, the author treats of some of the main concepts in Husserl’s late thought as a means to reconstructing Husserl’s specific conception of historicity and rationality. Historicity, phenomenologically conceived, presents the logical genesis of a shared cultural world from the constitutive activities of the subject: that is, as the genesis of inter-subjectively valid forms of sense, which undergo sedimentation and then ground further, and yet further, phases of this whole constitutive process. In this way, there emerges the shared, concrete world, as a special cultural form, although making claim to universal validity. The author goes on to present Husserl’s idea of rationality, which is built on this concept of historicity, and he follows it up to the ideal of Europe, as a special philosopho-theoretical project, which in Husserl’s view raises human historicity and rationality to a new, specifically teleological, level
EN
The study interprets two novels by Kafka (Metamorphosis and Disciplinary Camp), and shows that one of the motives both novels share is the “ahypnotic experience”, i.e., the state in which the character of the story is frightened by sleep, since in sleep he loses control over himself, and is given up to the forces which rid him of of his human form (Metamorphosis). Based on the analysis of the apparatus of torture, interpreted here as “apparatus for producing justice”, the paper argues that for Kafka, the law means not freedom, but inhumanity (Disciplinary Camp). The following part of the paper explains that a similar process is uncovered in Donnarumma’s Amygdala art installation, and poses the question as to whether the increasing autonomy of modern technology intensifies Kafka’s fears of dehumanisation of the world. The final part of the paper offers an alternative conclusion to the problem building on Nietzsche’s understanding of the sense of the sublime.
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