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Eric Hobsbawm – historik mezi vědou a politikou

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Lach J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2013

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vol. 111

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issue 3

579-602

EN

Eric Hobsbawm (1917–2012) was a British historian of Jewish origin recognized worldwide. This article traces several topics which were central for Hobsbawm as a man and a scholar. It deals with Hobsbawm’s relations to Communism as a political ideology and Marxism as a method of examining the historical process. Both these relations are reflected significantly in his extensive work which focuses primarily on the 19th and 20th centuries. Hobsbawm also excelled in popularizing the topics in modern history for the general public. The main issues studied by Hobsbawm included social classes, revolution, nation and nationalism, or the history of common people. Although the reflection of his work in Czech, or Czechoslovak, historiography was not quite wide, some Czech historians (especially Miroslav Hroch) did study Hobsbawm’s ideas.

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Między endo- a egzogenezą państwa polskiego. Polemiki historyków polskich z historiografią niemiecką w czasach II Rzeczypospolitej

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Wierzbicki A.

Klio Polska. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Historiografii Polskiej

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2016

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issue 8

EN

The concept of the Norman origin of the Polish state, in different versions that were given varying political and ideological forms, was formulated by Polish historians in the nineteenth century. However, it was only after Hitler’s rise to power – when some German historians attempted to prove that Mieszko the First was a Norman warrior known by the name Dago and, consequently, that the members of the Piast dynasty were not descended from indigenous Slavic people – that it became the focus of some controversy in Polish historiography. This article presents the Polish-German polemic regarding this topic. Neither the political aspects of the hypothesis in question nor the way in which it was dealt with by German scholars can be given a clear-cut interpretation. The question is still unanswered of why “the historical science in ruin” – as Henryk Olszewski characterised the state of German historiography at the time – did not altogether yield to the pressure (to which the total war was only adding fuel) to use the hypothesis of the Norman founder of the Polish state to its fullest “ideological potential”. The answer to this question and a number of others lies outside this author’s field of expertise; the examination of these issues needs to be left to scholars interested specifically in the history of German historical and political thought. Should the facts referred to in the article be regarded as evidence that, even when in ruin, historiography was able to preserve some enclaves of freedom where it was subjected to no interference by the totalitarian state? Or, perhaps should one link these facts to the ideological ambiguity present in the theory of Prince Dago and his Norman warriors, who were to give rise to the Polish nobility and who, by establishing blood ties with Slavic autochthons, deserved credit for making an organisational and racial contribution to the rise of the Polish state and the Polish nation? How deep were the genetic bonds uniting the Germans and this Slavic nation? Didn’t one, in accepting such a hypothesis, seem to support the view that the German invasion of Poland in 1939 – and the country’s occupation which followed and that involved fighting against the Polish underground movement – was simply an example of fratricidal war?

PL

Jakkolwiek sformułowanej wcześniej, normanistycznej koncepcji genezy państwa polskiego nadawano różne oblicza polityczno-ideowe, to jednak dopiero w okresie międzywojennym poczęła ona budzić zwiększoną czujność polskiej historiografii. Stało się bowiem tak, że właśnie wówczas wśród historyków niemieckich znaleźli się zwolennicy hipotezy, że Mieszko I nie był Słowianinem, lecz wodzem normańskim o imieniu Dago, w związku z czym państwo Piastów przestawało być dziełem słowiańskich autochtonów, a stawało się dziełem germańskich przybyszy z zewnątrz (allochtonów). Artykuł przybliża polsko-niemieckie polemiki na ten temat, zwracając zarazem uwagę, że ideologiczno-polityczne aspekty tezy o germańskich początkach polskiego państwa, podobnie jak i postawa, jaką wobec tych tez zajęła historiografia niemiecka, nie mają jednoznacznej wykładni aksjologicznej.

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Prasa krakowska w setną rocznicę powstania listopadowego (1930)

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Wrona G.

Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 2(32)

PL

Celem artykułu jest nie tylko informacja o odnotowaniu lub nie przez krakowskie periodyki przebiegu uroczystości rocznicowych w 1930 roku lub opublikowaniu artykułu okolicznościowego, ale szukanie odpowiedzi na zasadnicze pytania: czy tematyka powstania listopadowego i obchodów rocznicowych z nim związanych służyła aktualnej polityce i sprowadzona została do tych właśnie wymiarów, czy też tekstowi dziennikarskiemu nadano jeszcze inną funkcję? Czy i w jakim stopniu prasa krakowska spełniała w tym względzie rolę popularyzatora w zakresie społecznej edukacji historycznej?

EN

The article seeks to establish whether the November Rising was — or was not — duly acknowledged in the Centenary Year 1930 in the Cracow press. But the point is not merely to take note of the coverage of the anniversary celebrations and the commemorative articles, but rather to fi nd out if these texts were infused with current political concerns. We ask further to what extent the latter came to dominate the ostensible historical theme and what other functions may have been served by the Centenary journalism of 1930. Of course, the article also considers the manner in which the Cracow press took up the role of a popular historical educator.

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1 Klio Polska. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Historiografii Polskiej

1 Rocznik Historii Prasy Polskiej

1 Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

1 Lach J.

1 Wierzbicki A.

1 Wrona G.

1 2016

2 2013

Eric Hobsbawm – historik mezi vědou a politikou

Między endo- a egzogenezą państwa polskiego. Polemiki historyków polskich z historiografią niemiecką w czasach II Rzeczypospolitej

Prasa krakowska w setną rocznicę powstania listopadowego (1930)