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Badania archeologiczne i historyczne księdza Ignacego Polkowskiego (1833-1888) w Wielkopolsce

100%
Linetty J.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2014
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vol. 23
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issue 2(45)
7-53
EN
This article has been dedicated to life and scientific output of Father Ignacy Polkowski, who lived in the years 1833–1888. The priest Polkowski specialized in historical research, with a range of sources. Especially his interest was in epigraphy, sigillography, diplomatics, numismatics, and archaeology. Ignacy Polkowski came from a family of minor nobility from Zduny near Łowicz. Following his ordination he in 1857 began a ministry as vicar in Radzymin, then Brzeziny. In 1862 he became pastor of the Łaznów, and since 1863 of the Głuchów. Since 1862 Father Polkowski served as Secretary of the Consistory of Warsaw and began a close cooperation with the then Archbishop Zygmunt Szczęsny Feliński in Warsaw. He was a close witness of the attitude of the Archbishop in the difficult period before and during the January uprising. After the deportation of the Archbishop by the Russians in 1864, Polkowski, in order to avoid arrest, left Warsaw and borders of the Polish Kingdom. Originally he traveled to Paris, and later to Rome, where he stayed until 1866. In 1866 he returned to Poland, but not to the part remaining under Russian annexation, but to Grand Duchy of Posen, being under Prussian rule, where he lived in the Counts Skórzewski’s manors. Initially, he stayed in Czerniejów, and later in Lubostroń. During his stay in Lubostroń, Polkowski started efforts to research of the archaeological history of the region, the origins of Polish Catholic Church and the Polish history. The most significant had been his achievements in the area of archaeological research, centered around Lednica Lake. Polkowski discovered in Głębokie in 1872 the treasure of medieval coins, and has released the first book on archaeological research in Ostrów Lednicki: “Descriptions of ancient ruins on the island of Lednica Lake”. Besides archaeological research, Polkowski greatest achievements were related to the research undertaken on the achievements and life of Copernicus. These studies were associated with the celebration (initiated by Polkowski) of four hundredth anniversary of astronomer’s birth, which was decorated in Toruń in 1873. Continuing efforts, Polkowski dedicated his historical works to the life and achievements of Copernicus. In addition, he published a number of sources and smaller articles on that. In connection with the celebration different artistic means of expression commemorated Copernicus. The most famous of them was Jan Matejko’s painting Astronom Kopernik, czyli rozmowa z Bogiem (The Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversation with God), prepared for a jubilee in 1873, not without encouragement from Ignacy Polkowski. Unfortunately zealous activities connected with the celebration, and defense of Copernicus belonging to the Polish nation, has brought on Polkowski several unpleasant consequences. For breaking the press law, he was sentenced by the court to pay a fine, temporary imprisonment, and finally leave Germany (united since 1871). Accordingly with the judgment of the court Polkowski in 1877 left the Grand Duchy of Posen and went to Kraków remaining under Austrian rule. In Kraków Polkowski most fully developed his scientific activities. He has been director of treasury and archive of the Cracow Cathedral Chapter on the Wawel. Since 1877 he was a member of Archaeological Committee of Academy of Learning. Later he was active in History of Art Committee too. He wrote for numerous magazines, newspapers and scientific journals. He worked on the editions of the sources for the history of Polish Middle Ages, working on the release of Jan Długosz. He studied the history of St. Stanislaus Bishop and his cult. He drew up current catalogs until today archives and incunabula file in the Chapter on Wawel Hill, as well as an inventory of historic Cathedral Treasury. Polkowski passed away leaving behind a legacy and many works which undertook a variety of issues related to the history of Poland, as well as the preservation and popularization of Polish heritage. He has died prematurely at the age of 55 years.
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The Discussion on the founding of the central Polish archeological 1919 – 1923

80%
Karczewski M.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2018
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vol. 39
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issue 3
183-196
PL
Artykuł prezentuje pierwszą próbę powołania polskiego centralnego instytutu archeologicznego mającą miejsce w latach 1919-1923. Autor prezentuje główne projekty instytutu dyskutowane w środowisku polskich archeologów oraz stara się wyjaśnić przyczyny upadku idei powołania instytutu na tle rozłamu w polskim środowisku archeologicznym.
EN
The article presents the first attempt at founding the Central Polish Archaeological Institute that took place between the years 1919 – 1923. The author presents the main projects discussed by Polish archeologists and tries to explain the reasons for abandoning the idea against the background of the division among the Polish archeological society members.
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Archeologia krajowa na łamach „Tygodnika Ilustrowanego” do 1886 roku

70%
Jeleń A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2016
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issue 31
EN
“Tygodnik Ilustrowany”, one of the most popular Warsaw periodicals, was coming out between 1859–1939. The aim of its founders was to create a magazine that would address national issues, including our past. The historical section, in which archeological topics found a place, was visible part of the “Tygodnik Ilustrowany”. The first editor of the magazine, Ludwik Jenike, for 27 years of managing the Warsaw periodical (that is the whole discussed period) never decided to limit publications connected with antiquity. However the archeological issues did not find a permanent place in the magazine. The following antiquarians were writing for the “Tygodnik Ilustrowany”: Józef Łepkowski, Franciszek Maksymilian Sobieszczański, Wacław Szymanowski, Kazimierz Władysław Wójcicki, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski. It must be underlined that the published information on archeological topics was not limited just to the news about excavations or accidental discoveries. The scholars’ and collectors’ biographical entries with precise descriptions of their findings as well as information on ancient exhibitions and museums that gather the monuments from prehistoric times were also included in the “Tygodnik Ilustrowany”. The history was treated with all seriousness during the 19th century, because the memory of the past, including the most remote times, was the sign of patriotism. 
PL
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Badania archeologiczne Polaków na Ukrainie w XIX i początku XX wieku

61%
Blombergowa M. M.
Eastern Review
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2022
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vol. 11
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issue 1
13-31
EN
The Polish lands under the rule of Austria were referred to as Eastern Galicia. Inhabitants of these areas represented various social and professional groups. For many of them, collecting and archaeological research has become a subject of serious interest. In this area, inhabited for centuries by various nations, there are numerous ruins, burial mounds, embankments and castles. This multitude of traces of past cultures forced us to search. This became the reason for a wide interest in the past and the development of collecting. Thus, the object of interest of nineteenth-century archeology, in the eyes of many researchers, were all monuments of the past, understood as the entirety of pre-historical, ethnographic, written and other sources. Accordingly, archeology should study all the creations of human hands from different epochs; creations ranging from the simplest to artistic and artful, material remains and traces of beliefs, worship and literature. The scope of the researchers’ interests included ancient temples, monuments of armaments, classical antiquities, archival science, archeography, sphragistics and numismatics. In Ukraine and in other parts of the world, Poles lived and worked – in many economic and, of course – scientific fields. Many have devoted their attention, time and funds to searching for and studying traces of the distant past preserved in the ground. There are not many Polish publications about archaeological research conducted by Polish lovers of antiquity in eastern Ukraine, which were subject to tsarist Russia. This article attempts to fill this gap in the history of Polish archeology.
PL
Na Ukrainie, jak i w innych stronach świata żyli i pracowali – w wielu dziedzinach gospodarczych i oczywiście naukowych – Polacy. Wielu też poświęciło swoją uwagę, czas i fundusze na poszukiwanie i badanie śladów odległej przeszłości zachowanych w ziemi. O badaczach i badaniach na terytoriach Ukrainy, Galicji Zachodniej, w Małopolsce pisali: Stefan Nosek, Zarys historii badań archeologicznych w Małopolsce (1967); Andrzej Abramowicz, Wiek archeologii (1967); są też starsze publikacje: Bohdan Janusz, Zabytki przedhistoryczne Galicji Wschodniej (1918); Marcyan Śmiszko, Kultury wczesnego okresu epoki cesarstwa rzymskiego w Małopolsce Wschodniej (1932). O badaniach archeologicznych prowadzonych przez polskich miłośników starożytności na terenach wschodnich Ukrainy, podlegających carskiej Rosji, polskich publikacji nie ma zbyt dużo (Abramowicz, 1970; Blombergowa, 1993). W moim artykule podejmuję próbę wypełnienia tej luki w dziejach historii polskiej archeologii.
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Starożytności zagraniczne na łamach „Tygodnika Ilustrowanego” do 1914 roku

51%
Jeleń A.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Archaeologica
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2015
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issue 30
263-276
EN
„Tygodnik Ilustrowany” was one of the most important magazines in Warsaw in the 2nd half of nineteenth century. From the first issues of the magazine there is information about the national Antiquities. The reports of foreign Antiquities began to appear in the 2nd half of 1860s, and since then their number is steadily increasing. Most texts describing the discovery and ancient monuments were in the 1880s. Individual articles have appeared in the 1890s. At the beginning of the twentieth century once again increased the number of texts about Antiquities. Archaeological issues are not just confined to the news about the excavations. In „Tygodnik” placed biographies of scholars and collectors. Informed about exhibitions and museums that collect artifacts from the ancient times. Has also been reported same artifacts. There were also reprints articles in foreign languages. They were in the section „Artykuły treści naukowej, z innych piśmiennictw czerpane”. Small foreign reports of findings were published in „Ze świata obcego” edited by Mścisława Edgara Trepkę (Toporczyka), and later in the „Kronika Powszechna”. At this time the authors of the articles represented a variety of disciplines.
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