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The superordination relation and the symmetry of verbal associations in selected parts of the mental lexicon

100%
Mikołajczak-Matyja N.
Psychology of Language and Communication
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2010
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vol. 14
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issue 2
15-35
EN
The paper discusses the role of the superordination relation in the semantic organization of the mental lexicon. The method of three consecutive free association tests (reactions from the previous test are stimuli in the next one, so lists of stimuli are prepared for each respondent separately) was used to determine the role of different kinds of semantic relations in building some fragments of the lexicon. A detailed semantic analysis made in 1200 recurrent (symmetrical) and non-recurrent "chains" built with associations given by 50 secondary school students (Polish language users) revealed the relative importance of the superordination relation as a factor connecting elements of the mental lexicon: the hyponymy/hyperonymy relation occurs more regularly in various lexicon parts than other paradigmatic relations.
2

The Associative Structure of the Mental Lexicon: Hierarchical Semantic Relations in the Minds of Blind and Sighted Language Users

86%
Mikołajczak-Matyja N.
Psychology of Language and Communication
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2015
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vol. 19
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issue 1
1-18
EN
This paper concerns the role of hierarchical semantic relations: class inclusion and partwhole relations as factors organising the mental lexicon, and the dependence of their importance on visual perception and visual memories, as demonstrated by the results of a free association task. 58 blind and 58 sighted language users were instructed to give associations for a list of 75 Polish nouns. Semantic analysis showed that more than 40% of the whole corpus of answers was related to stimuli through the part-whole or class inclusion relations. The results of the analysis indicated many similarities, concerning both types of relations, in the feedback obtained from the blind and sighted respondents. However, the blind participants showed a significantly stronger tendency to respond with inclusive terms (hyperonyms of the stimuli) than the sighted respondents. Th e results were interpreted in terms of the specificity of the compensation processes.
3
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Próba ujęcia języka metafizyki w świetle pracy Język i świat realny Mieczysława Alberta Krąpca

72%
Krzos B. M.
Roczniki Filozoficzne
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 2
45-62
PL
Istnieje potrzeba, żeby język był odpowiednim narzędziem do przekazywania całego bogac­twa naszych myśli. Do wyższych aktywności rozumu ludzkiego zalicza się myślenie abstrak­cyjne, które jest użyteczne w dziedzinie metafizyki. Rozważania dotyczące języka jako adek­watnego narzędzia komunikacji metafizyki – doniosłej wiedzy o świecie realnym – stały się przedmiotem pracy Mieczysława Alberta Krąpca Język i świat realny. Po analizie wspomnianej pracy Krąpca można dojść do wniosku, że język naturalny wymaga określonych uściśleń, by być narzędziem komunikacji odpowiadającym metafizyce. W ramach języka naturalnego należałoby wyodrębnić pewien uściślony język. Wyodrębnienie go wymagałoby opisu jego słownika i okreś­lenia reguł poprawnego składania wyrażeń. W świetle przeprowadzonych analiz okazało się, że słownikiem omawianego tu języka byłby zbiór nazw. Reguły składni wspomnianego języka po­winny z kolei być oparte na pewnej relacji określonej na zbiorze nazw. Relacją, która nadawałaby się do sformułowania wspomnianych reguł, jest znana językoznawcom relacja hiponimii.
EN
There is a need of the language to be a proper tool for transferring of all the riches of our thoughts. We consider the abstract thinking as one of the higher activities of human mind. That kind of thinking has its use in the domain of metaphysics. Considerations concerning language as proper for communication in metaphysics became the subject of the work Language and the Real World by Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec. After analysing Krąpiec’s work, one can conclude that natural language requires certain clarifications to be a communication tool corresponding with metaphysics. Well, it would be needed to extract a refined language in the context of the natural language. In order to extract it one would require a description of a dictionary and a definition of the rules for constructing well-formed formulae. After the analyses it turned out that the dictio­nary of the language in question would be a set of names. In turn syntax rules of that language should be based on a relation defined in the set of names. A relation that would be suitable to formulate these rules is known to linguists as hyponymy.
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