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EN
Contemporary experience of identity began to undergo radical changes under the influence of numerous factors, multiculturality included. Multiculturality is understood here as an awareness of the co-occurrence of two or more social groups with relatively different cultural features within the same space (or in immediate vicinity of one another but without a clearly defined boundary, or in a situation when two or more such groups aspire to occupy the same space). Such an experience of identity is accompanied by a specific “multiculturality of cultures” which increasingly tend to adopt a hybrid nature. It seems that the times of peace, equilibrium, stability, constancy and explicit identity are irrevocably gone – the rule of the idea of identity as something permanent, homogeneous and common has come to an end. Although identity has become problematic, doubtful and blurred it is also a creative and promising challenge. After all the fluidity, changeability, temporality and hybridity of identity correspond to the fluidity, changeability and diversity of the contemporary Western civilizati
EN
In the paper, the relation between a borderland region and the social identity of borderland inhabitants is considered. A question is posed whether the borderland has a stronger impact on the social identity of its inhabitants or the direction of the impact is opposite. The answer to this question is sought in the studies of borderland theoreticians and researchers, and in a reconstruction of how this relation is contemplated by them. The analyses lead to the conclusion that the borderland, its characteristics and properties undoubtedly have a stronger impact on the identity of its inhabitants than their identity and its specificity affect the borderland. In the conclusions, a thesis is formulated about the borderland effect, which is a sociological unobservable variable, whose impact, among others, is manifested in specific social identity profiling of its inhabitants.
EN
Space is one of the most important components, co-creating and legitimizing the basic ranges of identity. The aim of the work is to show the relationship between the spatial identity circles: Europe, Polish, region, city, village, district. The results of the analysis derived from studies conducted among a representative group of students from Bialystok. Through the juxtaposition of pairs of selected space indicated the strongest, weakest and intermediate circles of identity.
EN
The beginning of the 21st century is the time of a new challenge for the Polish nation. Standing on the threshold of a new century, it has also stood on the ‘threshold’ of the united Europe. Culture is a binder thanks to which it is possible to discover and to maintain peoples’ identity and the bonds connecting individual members of the nation. The multitude of nations is a variety which makes Europe not a monolith in relation to culture; instead, it constitutes a mosaic of different cultures and philosophies of life. The Church does not try to identify with any of the culture patterns, but it seeks its place among the diversity of their forms. However, one can talk about the development of a Christian culture model resulting from the faith and the presence of the evangelical message in the whole of the Christians’ life. In the survey concerning Poland’s accession to the European Union, Polish people have expressed their hopes and fears connected with the process of integration. As many as 11% of the people surveyed expressed their anxiety related to the adverse effect upon culture and customs. The Church in its social instruction continuously emphasizes the necessity of maintaining one’s own cultural identity by particular ethnic, national and regional groups. The united Europe is to become not exactly a federation of countries, but rather the home of homes. In the everyday life of the new united Europe the system of norms, values and patterns of religious and cultural behaviour are going to be verified. Both the sceptics and the enthusiasts of the integration process are looking for a place and a role for the Polish Christians in the secularized European society.
EN
The increasing number of migrations is the main quality of modern society. Formerly, migration was a single action of leaving one’s country of origin, aimed at settling in a new place. Nowadays, migration should be described as a mobility that is a repeated change of the country of residence and a temporary stay in a new place. The status of mobility has a huge influence on modifying personal identity through the experience of life in different cultures. The article indicates the reasons for educational mobility and its consequences for personal biography. The change of self-definitions influences the further personal process of life.
EN
Education is a complex process. Very often it is defined as a general set of action aimed at education, which comprised of aims and rules. Exemplification of education are educational institutions, and educational programmes on each its level. Among many of its aims the most crucial is leading the individual to full independence. Independence is a complex process, demanding not only the example but also own and very often verified experiences. Experiences, which allow the individual to recognize own possibilities, needs and roles, which are going to be fulfilled. Independence allows then for asking questions concerning oneself, own place among others, and these always stay in a close bond to own identity. In special education the subject of identity gain greater significance. Pedagogues concentrate mainly on language expression and on actions, by which disabled are expressing themselves. More important become examining if undertaken educational actions allow disabled to perceive themselves as independent individuals. Are they equipped with emancipated, inner strategies of controlling? Or, another way round, is their independence controlled from outside and depends on retrieving inner patterns of behaviours?
EN
In the article I tried to select the most important issues and events related to the Albanian minority question in Macedonia. In the very beginning I explain the origin of the name Macedonia, the location of Macedonia and roughly summarize its way to independence in the 90's. Then I elucidate where the Albanian minority in Macedonia came from and why the conflict in Tetovo broke out. At the and I try to chronologically describe the events from 2001 that had impact on today's political situation in the state with special regard to the political crisis that lasted from 2014 to the implementation of the law guaranteeing Albanian as the second official language in Macedonia.
EN
The contribution points to selected activities and their role that they play in constructing the national self-identity of Ruthenian minority. It is the Rusíni.cz – rusínská iniciativa v ČR (Ruthenians.cz – a Ruthenian initiative in the Czech Republic) association, founded in 2011, that initiates the regeneration of club life. In contrast to the members of the Společnost přátel Podkarpatské Rusi (Society of Carpathian Ruthenia Friends), who come from older generations, the members of the new association come from young generations of Ruthenians, immigrants from Eastern Slovakia. The Rusíni.cz association set themselves a target to develop the activity in the field of the community life of Ruthenians in Prague, to maintain and promote cultural traditions of Ruthenians and to inform the Czech public about Ruthenians. As resulting from the attitudes of the Rusíni.cz representatives, the revitalisation of “ruthenianism” is based on the safeguarding of customary traditions, calendar cycle and language in the form of Ruthenian dialects spoken in Eastern Slovakia. From the Rusíni.cz perspective, the national identity of Ruthenians is declared as a culturally and ethically determined matter-of-fact.
EN
This paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of body images, its functions and roles that it plays in the process of searching for identity in the drama Archetype Medea – a Monologue for a Woman Who Sometimes Speaks (2000) by Ivana Sajko. In the current “postmodern climate,” traditional ideas about the human subject — such as the idea of the autonomous and pre-social subject as the source of truth, rationality and identity — have come under heavy pressure. In postmodern discourse the human subject no longer figures as a point from which the universe can be moved. Postmodernism and postdramatic theatre shows us the human subject as a position, as materialized and dynamic construct produced at the intersection of Nature and Culture, in a whole range of discursive practices the meanings of which are a constant site of struggle over power. The attractive literary strategies in Sajko`s play show main directives in the emotional, biological, cultural and social constructions and representations of the embodied female subject that feels, speaks and shows, confirms its tendency towards the (self-)realisation.
PL
The aim of the article is to describe – on the example of teaching English – the reductionistic character of the testing phenomenon. Global international tests (TOEFL and TOEIC) provide excellent arguments to critics of the phenomenon of “testology”, related to reducing the school’s identity and student identity to results of test. An excellent example of this phenomenon is Japanese society. In Japan, where English is considered the cultural and professional capital of individuals, the paradoxes (and absurdities) of testing find their best exemplification. At the same time, the fact that English is completely different from Japanese results in contextualizing language tests in different, sometimes unexpected, cultural aspects of life. In addition, the controversy surrounding the testing of the English language proficiency in Japan is related to the discussion about cultural imperialism. All these issues will be analysed in the article, not only in the Japanese context but also in relation to whole “testing culture”.
EN
Media and journalism today undergo very deep structural and functional changes. Those changes sometimes go in the direction, that does not conduce the citizens. The effect of the transformation from the social and public mission fulfilled institution into the business institution caused the change of the policy of their acting. The media owners and the editors, to get the advertisement institutions‘ attention, have started to care more of the profits than the receivers. This resulted in a departure from the social mission of the media in favor of offering the audience an easy and enjoyable content, with the omission of the values which are crucial to the socio-cultural identity. The goal of the following paper is an attempt to answer the question if citizen media, which are nowadays beginning to compete with the mainstream media, are able to transmit and preserve the national culture and, if so, whether they do it and in what way. To verify this hypothesis, an analysis of all the articles published in 2010 on one of the oldest and currently most popular citizen journalism portals, Wiadomości24.pl, has been made. The content of all the culture-oriented materials as well as of the photographic materials have been analyzed. The conclusions from this study are as follows: 1) citizen media can provide support for religious and national media, as well as public media, in promoting the national culture, 2) the content published on the Wiadomości24.pl citizen journalism portal are varied, and the theme of the national culture plays an important part, 3) by publishing materials on national culture and socio-cultural identity, citizen media helps to preserve the values characteristic for the Polish culture, promotes attitudes that result from those values, brings to mind important events, and introduces people important to the Polish national culture.
EN
Managing social identity, reconstruction of identity, constructing own biography from scratch is something that a person with acquired disability must cope with. People with inborn disability create their identity of a disabled from the beginning. They are prepared/raised/educated to take the part of a person with disabilities in the society. Can a person who acquired disability experience such accelerated adaptation? It is disability that will become the central category which will determine their social identity. In the article the author raises the problems connected with setting up the line between personal and social identity, between satisfying the need to be unique and the need to belong, between defining a person through the prism of stigma (Erving Goffman) and perceiving them as representative of a specific type of personality (Alfred Schutz). How deep is the mark of a person with disability that this disability imprints in their life is best known only by the people who live with it. How difficult is the management of social identity or the reconstruction of biography is best know by them as well. What is the identity created or reconstructed in the process of social stigmatisation going to be like? Is it possible to come out of the process of stigmatisation?
EN
The main purpose of this article is to portray the complex mechanism of taming the strangespace of Lower Silesia in Zyta Oryszyn’s polyphonic novel Saving Atlantis. The central issue underdiscussion is the analysis of the multifaceted categories of familiarity and strangeness in the literaryrepresentation of space created by the author. Another important point considered is the answerto the question whether, and to what extent, the acceptance of the new reality and identification withthe new homeland are possible. Finally, the process of searching or reconstructing one’s own identityis illustrated as situated between a tragedy and a new beginning, between the Polish and the Germanidentities, between familiarity and strangeness.
PL
Określenie miejsca literatury austriackiej wśród literatur niemieckiego obszaru językowego i wskazanie jej odrębności jest możliwe tylko przy uwzględnieniu tych czynników historycznych, które zdecydowały o transformacji naddunajskiego mocarstwa aż po utworzenie Drugiej Republiki. Celem niniejszego szkicu nie jest ani politologiczna, ani socjologiczna analiza towarzyszących owej transformacji procesów. Przedmiotem refleksji jest jednakże ich wpływ na literaturę, co wyraża się między innymi zmienną dynamiką tematyki tożsamościowej w twórczości autorów austriackich w okresie ostatnich dwóch stuleci. Rozważaniom tym towarzyszy próba nazwania tych cech, które stanowią o jej swoistości, zarówno formalnie, jak i tematycznie. Są wśród nich z jednej strony kompetencja estetyczna i skłonność do refleksji nad językiem, a z drugiej – zdominowana przez „Hassliebe” problematyka ojczyźniana. Leżąca u jej podłoża obecność mitów, zarówno mitu monarchii, jak i późniejszego mitu Austrii jako ofiary nazizmu, legitymuje odrębność tej literatury. Punktem odniesienia dla podjętych dociekań jest toczący się współcześnie dyskurs o austriackiej tożsamości, a konkretnie działalność Instytutu Badań i Wspierania Austriackich i Międzynarodowych Procesów Literackich, a także publikacje takich badaczy, jak Hans Arlt, Klaus Bartsch czy Leslie Bodie. Ważną przesłanką okazały się Też tezy Vittorii Borsò na temat przyszłości literatur narodowych.
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Introductory Comments

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EN
Presentation of the third issue of Colloquia Humanistica in the light of Victor Turner's concept of liminality. Wprowadzenie do tematyki trzeciego tomu "Colloquia Humanistica" w perspektywie koncepcji liminalności Victora Turnera.
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Tożsamość narracyjna: Stoicka koncepcja tożsamości

80%
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę koncepcji duszy i tożsamości w odniesieniu do poglądów przedstawicielifilozofii stoickiej oraz jej późniejszych komentatorów. Autor zwraca uwagę narolę zagadnienia troski o siebie, odwołując się do jego obecności w filozofii współczesnej(Michel Foucault, Pierre Hadot).
PL
Artykuł przedstawia współczesne ujęcia systemu Ja, koncentrując się na perspektywie psychologii społeczno-poznawczej. Jest to tłem do wyjaśnienia zależności między Ja a tożsamością osobistą. Wyznaczenie relacji między tymi dwoma konstruktami to zaniedbywany problem teoretyczny. Podjęcie go stanowi nie tylko o klaryfikacji pola badań, ale również o postępie w ramach integracji wiedzy w tym obszarze. Tekst skupia się na priorytetowych z perspektywy społeczno-poznawczej zagadnieniach złożoności i dynamiki, jako zasad organizujących funkcjonowanie systemu Ja. Przedstawiono w nim, jak na bazie heterogenicznego Ja wyrastają dynamiczne ujęcia tożsamości osobistej, której przypisuje się potencjalną niejednorodność i zmienność.
EN
The paper presents contemporary views of the self-system, focusing on the perspective of social-cognitive psychology. On the basis of current studies, links between self and personal identity are explained. Establishing the relationship between those two constructs is a neglected theoretical problem. Undertaking this issue is essential not only to the clarification of the empirical field but also to progress in the integration of knowledge in this area. The paper is focused on the issues of self-complexity and dynamics as principles of self-system organization that are crucial from the social-cognitive point of view. It elucidates how the idea of a heterogenous self implies a dynamic view of personal identity, which is potentially multifaceted and changeable.
EN
The paper analyses the various aspects of the city as described by the South African writer Ivan Vladislavić in the novel Portrait with Keys. Hunters, gatherers and urban poachers are the inhabitants of the South African city bordering the veld, a city whose economic centre has been moved to the suburbs due to high rates of crime.
EN
How does the contemporary self depicted in Paul Auster’s fiction constitute himself in the metropolis New York City? I will investigate the extent to which New York City influences the shaping of a metropolitan identity in two selected literary works by Paul Auster: City of Glass and Sunset Park
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