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EN
Without access to physical cues normally present in face-to-face interaction or extralinguistic information, like ethnographic background or physical attributes, multiple salient online identities, (collectively labelled as a personal identity cluster), can be crafted by exploiting the tools available within the online medium. By examining the language choices of a single participant to an online discussion board, it is shown how identity can be created through interaction, utilizing principles of emergence, indexicality (labels, stances), relationality (positive and negative), and positionality (temporary roles) and partialness. Identity, as described through the standpoint of sociocultural linguistics, is thereby a performance created for and modified through interaction with others. Examples from a case study are shown to validate and enrich this theoretical position.
PL
W komunikacji za pośrednictwem internetu uczestnicy muszą obejść się bez informacji pozajęzykowych, które są normalnie dostępne w komunikacji bezpośredniej, takich jak pochodzenie czy wygląd. Dlatego w kontekście komunikacji online możliwe jest tworzenie różnorakich tożsamości (zwanych zbiorczo zlepkami tożsamości osobowych) przy wykorzystaniu jedynie środków dostępnych w tym medium. Analizując wybory językowe jednego uczestnika forum dyskusyjnego, autorka pokazuje jak można skonstruować tożsamość poprzez interakcję. W swoich badaniach autorka używa pięciu reguł tworzenia takich tożsamości zaproponowanych przez Bucholtz i Hall w 2005: zasady pojawiania się, indeksowania (etykiet, podejścia), zależności (pozytywnej i negatywnej), reguły pozycyjności (tymczasowych ról) oraz zasady złożoności. Tożsamość, opisana z punktu widzenia lingwistyki socjo-kulturowej, jest więc definiowana jako produkt, który jest wynikiem komunikowania się z innymi. Przykłady zaczerpnięte z badań autorki nad internetowym forum dyskusyjnym potwierdzają tę teorię i oferują możliwości jej dalszego rozwinięcia.
DE
In der Online-Kommunikation, anders als es in der direkten Kommunikation der Fall ist, haben die Kommunikationspartner keine Informationen über ihre Herkunft oder das Aussehen. Aus diesem Grund entsteht die Notwendigkeit, in der Online-Kommunikation die Identität (auch Konglomerat von Identitäten genannt) mittels sprachlicher Mittel, die in der online Kommunikation zugänglich sind, auf unterschiedliche Art und Weise herzustellen. Die Autorin zeigt, wie man durch eine Online-Interaktion die Identität konstruieren kann, indem die Sprache eines Teilnehmers von Online-Diskussionsforum analysiert wird. Dabei bezieht sich die Autorin auf fünf Regeln der Identitätskonstruierung, die von Bucholtz und Hall (2005) entwickelt wurden, z. B. das Prinzip der Emergenz, der Indexikalität, der Relationalität, der Positionalität und der Komplexität. Aus der Perspektive der sozio-kulturellen Linguistik ist die Identität ein Produkt, das erst in der Interaktion entsteht. Die angeführten Beispiele bestätigen die Theorie und bieten die Möglichkeit ihrer weiteren Entwicklung.
EN
The mother-daughter relationship has received increasing attention over the last few decades, both at the conceptual level and in empirical research. Unfortunately, however, this domain has not yet been sufficiently explored in the Polish context. Equally infrequent are empirical projects which strive to combine analysis of individual experiences with the examination of public discourse and social change within particular historical and cultural contexts. The present text analyzes the process of defining motherhood and daughterhood in Poland, focusing specifically on the trans-generational aspect of female identity construction. It is based on qualitative research carried out in the Warsaw area in 2005–2008. Arguably, such an analysis should help us to map the complicated intersections of gender, generation and positionality in times of social change and contribute to the development of a new perspective on the process of identity construction.
EN
“Far from being unitary or monolithic or autonomous things, cultures actually assume more elements, alterities, differences, than they consciously exclude.” (Said 15). Building on gender studies discourse, the present paper builds on Said’s view of cultural experiences at large as stated in the quotation above and attempts to illustrate what was at stake in the (trans)cultural relationship between space, place and textuality in the making of the Romanian romantic novel.
EN
The aim of this paper is to show the importance of intercultural competence for identity construction in a globalized world. Pedagogical, as well as methodological approaches are given to show how intercultural competence is implemented by Ethnologie in Schule und Erwachsenenbildung, a Germany-based NGO.
EN
Reunified in 1861, Italy appeared on the international scene almost ready to rush into the scramble for the last outposts of the world not yet explored or conquered by other nations. Along the path that constructed her colonial discourse, considered as the totality of practices and representations supporting the birth and affirmation of Italian colonialism, particularly interesting are some diaries and travel notes written by Navy mariners, busy in oceanic campaigns and circumnavigations in the twenty years preceding the first African settlement. Indeed, these texts show us the dialectical intercourse between the marvel of new encounters and its domestication through the memory of personal and socio−cultural experiences, and, in particular, how the Italian mental attitude on men and lands of the time was influenced by an introspective and affective projection bound to preexisting visions of territory and agriculture. Moreover, the comparison of specific senses of places with the yet to be defined space and the men who inhabit it partakes to the process of selection and emphasis of the Italian national traits, delineating a sense of place of the entire Italian Nation.
EN
This paper investigates and compares the functions of narrative passages in three computermediated health practices centering on advice-giving: (1) email counseling at a UK university, (2) online forums providing peer support for quitters of smoking, and (3) anti-smoking websites by UK governmental, commercial and charitable institutions. We found that the functions of the narrative passages are manifold and often overlapping. They range from seeking advice, giving advice, indicating/seeking agreement, supporting a claim, showing compliance with advice given to reporting on progress and success. In a second step, these insights were linked to how the narrative passages were used for identity construction and relational work. The results show that narratives are employed to create various identities, such as authentic advice-seekers, active self-helpers, successful quitters and advice-givers. Our comparison reveals that narrative functions utilized in all three practices exhibit nuanced differences due to medium factors and interactional goals of the practices. Finally, in these contexts of self-improvement, narratives document stability or transformation in the sense of clients’ improved health and smokers’ change to becoming non-smokers respectively.
EN
The main purpose of the text is to analyze the problem of sexuality presented in the poem by Samuel Twardowskiof entitled “Nadobna Paskwalina” (“The beautiful Paskwalina”). The analysis was based on previous research: the mimetic concept of René Girard and an attempt at feminist reading of romance. The author shows the process of constructing a woman’s personality on the foundations of admiration on the part of the male sex and confronts it with the traditional model of a woman which dominated in the old ages. The next part of the text presents the relationship between the process of building and collapse of the Paskwalina’s identity according to the concept of René Girard. The heroine’s journey and the significance of the influence of her guides are being analyzed. The poem is interpreted as an extensive commentary by Samuel Twardowski on the observed realities of everyday life of the Catholics, and the finale of this romance as a girardian murder of the heroine’s sexuality, which acquires a transgressive character.
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