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EN
The syntagma „began to call on the name of the Lord” is an important excerpt in the Primeval history. This expression is connected to Enosh, who developes worship and brings hope that mankind which is constantly distancing from God, will be salvaged. However, most frequently we connect the acquaintance of the God’s name with telling about the call of Moses and God self-presentation in a burning bush, translated usually as a: „I Am who I Am” (Exod 3,14-15). Although these above fragments seem to be in a contrary, consist their reciprocal theological coherence. Basing on historical-critical methods of working on biblical text Gen 4,26 and Exod 3,14-15 the article collates the results of analysis of excerpts. It allows to understand the God’s identity and significance of His name more profoundly. Enosh didn’t need to know the name YHWH in order to praise the Lord. „Later on”, God reveals His name to Moses bringing also salvage for sons of Israel. God gives the possibility to be saved, to be salvaged in Him, in a relationship with Him through human worship .
Vox Patrum
|
2013
|
vol. 59
87-111
EN
The article is the attempt to analyze the teaching of early christian apologists about possession and exorcisms in Church. They recognize that possession in the strict sense applies to a human body. By contrast, spiritual enslavement consists in introducing someone into impiety. Evil spirits, after turning away from their Creator, envy people the grace of God and try to take them away from God and to enslave. They claim to be gods and demand sacrifices and a cult. Magic is also the way to enslavement, because the effectiveness of magic is connected with the power of demons. An exorcism is a kind of spiritual fight in which a christian, in the name of Jesus, commands demons and liberates the possessed person. Exorcisms are the manifestation of God’s power, which beats evil spirits and exposes their lies. Although the main reason of the liberation is the power of God’s name, faith and ardent prayer of a possessed person and these who pray for him have also an im­pact on that process. Christians who live in the grace of God are under the care of Christ, so they don’t have to fear demons.
EN
Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI’s reflection on the Holy Trinity does not contain any ideas or expressions that could possibly take on a theological “career,” such as Karl Rahner’s fundamental axiom. Nevertheless, Ratzinger’s Trinitarian theology, with the points of reference he made and accents he suggested, forms an original synthesis. In the first section the author of this article accentuates that Ratzinger in his reflection on God often refers to the divine name revealed in the history of salvation. It is precisely the “name,” a synonym of a personal relation, that distinguishes faith in God from a philosophy of God. Ultimately, God revealed His name in three names: He Who Is-Father, Son, and the Spirit. The second section explains that Ratzinger considers the formula “una essentia tres personae” a paradox that expresses the unity of the absolute and the relative, the unity and the diversity. Thus, the truth of the Trinity reveals God, but also the whole of creation, which is a unity in diversity. The Trinitarian heresies grew precisely from the desire to eliminate a paradox that seemed to be a contradiction. However, the paradox present in theology is also present in the sciences, which is further clarified in section three. By way of an example one may point out the wave-like and corpuscular structure of reality that physics examines. In the last section the author insists that the whole of revelation is summed up in the words: “God is love,” which means that “God is not a solitude but a perfect community,” a Trinitarian community. Ratzinger points out that the New Testament does not speak of God as God “in himself,” but of God in a kenotic relation to someone: “God and Father of Jesus.” Even the Holy Spirit, who does not show us his face but hides himself under images of a dove, fire, wind is always the Spirit of the Father and of the Son. Thus, God is eternally the Trinitarian “being-with” and “being-for,” which is an invitation and a challenge for every Christian and for the Church.
PL
Refleksja Josepha Ratzingera/Benedykta XVI nad tajemnicą Trójcy Świętej nie zawiera idei czy sformułowań, które zrobiłyby teologiczną „karierę”, jak np. aksjomat fundamentalny Karla Rahnera. Tym niemniej jego teologia trynitarna, zaproponowane punkty odniesienia i rozłożenie akcentów układają się w oryginalną syntezę. W pierwszym paragrafie zwrócono uwagę na to, że w rozważaniach o Bogu Ratzinger często się odwołuje do objawionego w historii zbawienia imienia Bożego. To właśnie „imię”, synonim osobowej relacji, odróżnia wiarę w Boga od filozofii Boga, której teolog konsekwentnie broni. Ostatecznie Bóg objawił swe imię w trzech imionach: Ten, Który Jest – Ojciec, Syn i Duch. W drugim paragrafie wykazano, że formułę „una essentia tres personae” Ratzinger nazywa paradoksem, który wyraża jedność tego, co absolutne, i tego, co relatywne, paradoksem jedności i różnorodności. W ten sposób prawda o Trójcy Świętej objawia Boga, ale także całą rzeczywistość stworzoną. Ostatecznie Trójcy Świętej nie da się sprowadzić do żadnej absolutnej monady, gdyż jest jednością w różnorodności. Herezje trynitarne wyrastały właśnie z chęci wyeliminowania paradoksu, który wydawał się sprzecznością. Tymczasem obecny w teologii paradoks nie jest obcy także naukom ścisłym, co stanowi treść paragrafu trzeciego. Przykładem może być falowa i jednocześnie korpuskularna struktura rzeczywistości badanej przez fizykę. W ostatnim paragrafie autor wychodzi od tego, że całe objawienie streszcza się w słowach: „Bóg jest miłością” (1 J 4,8.16), co oznacza, że „Bóg nie jest samotnością, ale doskonałą wspólnotą”, wspólnotą trynitarną. Ratzinger wskazuje, że w Nowym Testamencie nie mówi się o Bogu jako takim „w sobie samym”, ale o Bogu w kenotycznej relacji do kogoś: „Bóg i Ojciec Jezusa”. Również Duch Święty, który nie ukazuje nam swego oblicza i skrywa się pod obrazami, jak gołębica, ogień, wiatr, jest zawsze Duchem Ojca i Syna. A zatem Bóg jest odwiecznie trynitarnym „byciem-z” i „byciem-dla”, co stanowi zaproszenie i wyzwanie dla każdego chrześcijanina i Kościoła.
EN
Looking at some reputedly religious phenomena in today’s world we could openly ask whether these phenomena don’t fall, in certain cases, into a category of a new kind of idolatry which means replacing God with a creature. It is the world of human sensations and experiences that should be especially taken into consideration, sensations and experiences which are often regarded as religious or which, in some cases, undergo the process of absolutisation, whereas this is only a kind of concentration on oneself or on a particular thing. It has been noticed quite accurately, that modern times can be characterised by a shift “from wooden idols to spiritual idols”. Therefore, there is an urgent need for philosophical and theological perspective on this broad sphere of experiences, and for a question whether those experiences create new idols and, by the same token, whether they are idolatrous in character. To answer these questions responsibly and coherently we have to define the origins of idolatry and concurrently find the appropriate criteria which will enable us to evaluate theologically respective phenomena which may appear questionable. This very issue constitutes the subject of this study.
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