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Uwagi o mowie cynicznej. Kallikles i Trazymach jako mówcy cyniczni

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Pietrzak M.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 4

45 - 68

EN

Cynical speech is a proper form of manifestation of what we call cynicism. It takes the form of a persuasive strategy which assumes the achievement of the rhetorical consubstantiation of a cynical speaker and her/his auditorium. Cynical speech is a game that takes place between three sides: a cynical speaker posing as an immoralist, a moralist and an auditorium, the acquisition of which is the aim of both interlocutors. At the outset, the cynical speaker gives the identity of naive dilettantes’ to both the members of the auditorium and the moralist and then tries to persuade the audience to side with him and take on the role of the students of a cynical expert. This is what can be described as cynical modulation. In its course, the initial opposition of a professional versus dilettante turns into an opposition of master versus student, while the unattractive identity of a dilettante is transferred to a moralist. In this way, the speaker achieves what Kenneth Burke thinks is the right goal for any rhetorical act: the speaker’s consubstantiation with the auditorium. This process is presented based on the example of the disputes between Socrates, as a moralist on the one hand, and sophist-politicians Thrasymachus and Callicles, who personify the type of cynical speakers, on the other. The analysis of cynical speech carried out in the paper leads to an indication of some basic features of this way of speaking, as well as the relationship that exists between them and the content of viewpoints voiced by cynical speakers. These viewpoints have been described as aristocratic democratism and people’s anti-democratism. These are two forms of what has been described as the cynical counter-ideal. The adoption of these positions is an indirect expression of the same systematic ambiguity that lies in the form of cynical speaking, which belongs to the very essence of cynicism as a cultural phenomenon.

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Červenkova interpretácia Nietzscheho filozofie

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Halcin P.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2011

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issue 1(1)

47-55

EN

The article is focused on Cervenka’s interpretation of Nietzsche’s philosophy. Moral philosophy is the main part and the most valuable outcome of Nietzsche’s thinking. The basic term in Cervenka’s commentary is immoralism. The term immoralism involves all important part of Nietzsche’s late thinking, the typology of two morals, his critic of present morality, his critics of Christianity, revaluation of all values and the idea of overman – Uebermensch.

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Śmierć Boga i historiozofia w polskim dyskursie naukowym

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Baranowska M.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2014

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vol. 36

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issue 1

59 - 68

EN

The aim of the article is to examine the place of the problem of God’s death and of historiosophy in Polish academic discourse. The author analyses a discussion that took place during the 6th Philosophy Festival, which was held on 10–13 September 2013 in Olsztyn and which was organised by the University of Warmia and Mazury. She presents the whole spectrum of issues and problems tackled by scholars from all over Poland, and outlines the course of the discussion. In addition, she explores the current problem of the importance of philosophy and, in general, the humanities in the higher education system today. The author suggests a way in which philosophy should be promoted to raise awareness of its signifi cance to the development of both culture and science.

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1 Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

1 Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

1 Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

1 Baranowska M.

1 Halcin P.

1 Pietrzak M.

1 2019

1 2014

1 2011

Uwagi o mowie cynicznej. Kallikles i Trazymach jako mówcy cyniczni

Červenkova interpretácia Nietzscheho filozofie

Śmierć Boga i historiozofia w polskim dyskursie naukowym