The article discusses linguistic methods for determining the images of authors of scientific texts. The theoretical basis of the study is a typology of points of view reflected in the text. The research method consists in detecting implicatures in the content of the text and determining their relationship to the author’s intentions. The image of the author is derived on the basis of the assessments, language means and the stated facts contained in the text. On the basis of implicatures, the content of which does not contradict the author’s intentions, his intentional image is derived. In the presence of implicatures, which most likely do not correspond to the author’s intentions, the perceptual image of the author is determined.
The article is devoted to use of the linguistic manipulation techniques in the public speeches from the Nazi Germany. The main aim of this article is to study what kind of language-manipulative-techniques were used by the propagandists to create propaganda speeches to influence the audience and convey ideological content. Because the spectrum of linguistic strategies and tactics of manipulation is very broad, the exemplary analysis is limited to the selected rhetorical and pragmatic tactics and sentence structures that allow for hidden hints. All these selected examples and suggestive tactics occur particularly often in texts of this type and can therefore be considered prime examples of manipulative strategies. In addition, the terminology is specified in this article. Terms such as persuasion, linguistic manipulation, manipulation of language and propaganda are often confused with one another in linguistic discourse or used synonymously. Accordingly, a clear and concise definition of these terms is made in the article. The selected manipulative strategies are illustrated by an example of the speech in the Berlin Sportpalast (Total war speech) from February 18th, 1943. So, the contribution also deals with the context and the historical background of the speech, as well as the other mass suggestive tactics that can be found in the text. The examined strategies are still used in texts with a persuasive and manipulative character.
This article researches the biased content of the propagandistic channel RT through the prism of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It attempts to uncover the linguistic means of creating biased content in RT headlines that cover the Venezuela’s post-coup crisis of 2019-2020. It offers a CDA approach to the systemic bias in the headlines of 375 news stories featured on one of the most tendentious webcasters, the Russian state news provider RT. The current CDA focuses on presuppositions and implicatures, back- and fore-grounding, agency, lexis, punctuation, and briefly on other figurative linguistic means in the headlines and traces their relative recurrence that might form a pattern.
In French comic quoted forms mechanisms of comism connected with taboo can be defined by means of semantic and stylistic analysis, however, the most comprehensive description can be obtained by employing linguistic pragmatics research instruments. Comic violation of taboo stems from breaching the maxim of politeness and quantity. Another source of humour comes from the contrast between the cultural presupposition and the sense of the sentence or its implicature. Implied topics are the basis for humour, quite like the implied structure of an utterance. Such sentences represent indirect speech acts: illocutionary tropes, as well as allusive derivatives packed with vulgarisms. From the semantic point of view, contrasts between the specific inherent semes and the afferent ones prevail. Oppositions within specific inherent semes or afferent contextual ones can also be observed. Quoted comic forms represent simple or complex tropes as well as rhymed paraphrases. Taboo content can be found in lexemes with broad connotations.
FR
Dans les formes citées françaises à caractère humoristique, les mécanismes du comique lié au tabou se laissent préciser à l’aide des analyses sémantique et stylistique, mais la description complète est obtenue grâce à l’appareil de la pragmatique linguistique. La violation comique du tabou découle de la transgression des maximes de politesse et de quantité. Comme source de l’humour, il faut citer le contraste entre une présupposition culturelle et le sens de la phrase ou l’implication. Les sujets impliqués se trouvent aussi à la base de l’humour ainsi que la construction implicative de l’énoncé. Les phrases en question appartiennent aux actes de langage indirects : aux tropes illocutoires et aux dérivations allusives truffées de vulgarismes. Du point de vue sémantique, ce sont les contrastes entre les sèmes spécifiques inhérents et afférents qui prévalent. On observe aussi des oppositions à l’intérieur des sèmes spécifiques inhérents ou afférents contextuels. Les formes autonymes comiques sont des tropes simples ou complexes ainsi que des périphrases rimées. Les contenus tabouisés apparaissent dans des lexèmes à connotation large.
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