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О ГРЕХАХ МЛАДЕНЧЕСТВА, ДЕТСТВА И ЮНОСТИ В "ИСПОВЕДИ" БЛ. АВГУСТИНА

100%
Łucewicz L.
Conversatoria Litteraria
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2017
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vol. 11
|
issue XI
13-23
RU
The article is dedicated to the study of Augustine’s interpretation of the original sin; it representsimmorality that overwhelmed human nature. Augustine understands fall of man as man’s arrogance who turned from God to evil. Predetermined sins committed at the early stages of author’s life are examined on the basis of his confessions.
2
Content available remote

Obtížný temperament v raném dětství

84%
Bajgarová Z., Stuchlíková I.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2019
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vol. 63
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issue 1
104-115
EN
This study describes the history, different conceptions and measurements of the so-called difficult temperament, the term that denotes an early propensity for negative emotions and dysregulation. A difficult temperament is related to a higher parental stress, depression, anxiety, lowered parental self-efficacy and worsened quality of the partner relationship. In infancy, it is generally connected to a rather lowered sensitivity and heightened restrictivity of the mother. It predicts behavioral problems, both directly and also through its negative impact on parenting. Different models of interactions between difficult temperament, parenting and developmental outcomes are introduced at the end of the study.
3
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Developing Dovyko I: the Czech adaptation of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory

84%
Jarůšková L., Sloupová T., Smolík F., Chládková K., Oceláková Z., Paillereau N.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2024
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vol. 68
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issue 2
174-185
EN
Objectives. This article reports on the adaptation procedure of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MB-CDI): Words & Gestures into Czech. The parental-report questionnaire screens communicative development in infants aged 8 to 18 months and focuses on general communicative skills, active and passive vocabulary, and communicative gestures. The content of the Czech adaptation needs to reflect the communicative practices specific to the Czech language and cultural environment. Methods. The final item list for the questionnaire was developed by combining a variety of methods including translations, parental diaries from 44 caregivers, an expert focus group, and a corpus survey. The preliminary questionnaire was piloted in two rounds, altogether in 95 Czech caregivers and 100 children. Preliminary content was drawn from translations and parental diaries. These items were reduced based on assessment of child-development experts and frequency in four Czech-language corpora. Item analysis was conducted after each of the pilot rounds to remove from the final content words or gestures which were infrequently checked. Conclusions. This process assured that the Czech CDI screens communicative development on items relevant to the Czech linguistic and social landscape. As such, Dovyko I offers a powerful tool to measure communicative development in local children and may also find use in research of children with different developmental and linguistic characteristics. Limitations. The questionnaire is designed as a complement to other existing methods of communicative screening. The tool thus does not serve for final diagnosis but may help indicate an area problematic for the child or motivate further medical, cognitive, or linguistic assessment. The norming, validity, and reliability studies, which have been completed with Czech-speaking families, are not described in this article but separately in the tool’s manual.
4
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The stages of human life distinguished in non-legal Roman sources

67%
Kosior W.
Krytyka Prawa. Niezależne studia nad prawem
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 2
27-46
PL
Wiek człowieka jest popularnym przedmiotem badawczym wielu dziedzin nauki i ich pochodnych. Przedmiot ten wykorzystywany jest również przez naukę prawa. W prawie rzymskim również funkcjonowały kategorie wieku, od przekroczenia których zależała pozycja prawna danej osoby. W artykule poddano badaniu rzymskie źródła nieprawnicze traktujące o podziale życia ludzkiego na etapy. W efekcie przeprowadzonych badań udało się ustalić, iż w starożytnym Rzymie funkcjonowało kilka teorii na ten temat. Popularnymi klasyfikacjami był podział życia człowieka na trzy, cztery, pięć, sześć oraz siedem etapów. U podstaw każdej teorii leży inne uzasadnienie i inne argumenty. Wśród tych można wskazać argumenty medyczne, psychologiczne, numerologiczne a nawet poniekąd wojskowo-administracyjne.
EN
The age of a human being is a common research topic in many branches. This topic is also addressed by the legal theory. Age categories also functioned in Roman law, determining the legal position of a person. In this article, the non-judicial sources which concerned the division of human life are analyzed. Consequently, it has been possible to determine that in ancient Rome, there were several theories concerning this matter. The division of life into three, four, five, six or seven stages was very popular. Each theory has different justifications and various arguments. Among those, we can distinguish medical, psychological, numerical and also military-administrative arguments.
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