Search results

1

Ovarian cancer and inflammation. Part 2. Anti-inflammatory cytokines

100%

Terlikowska, K.M, Dobrzycka B., Terlikowski S.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2018

|

vol. 8(2)

206-209

EN

Inflammation plays a key role in epithelial ovarian cancer tumorigenesis and progression. The growth and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer may be due to local cytokine-induced immunosu-ppression, which may lead to an immunity impairment. Thus, cytokine antagonism may be an essential factor in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Based on the increased knowledge on the role of the immune system in ovarian cancer, major improvements are to be expected of immunotherapy based treatment of this disease. This article aims to summarize the current literature views on the evidence for a role for chronic inflammation with a specific focus on anti-inflammatory cytokines.

2

Serum levels of vitamin D and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in adults with metabolic syndrome

100%

Rahamon S. K., Arinola O. G., Charles-Davies M. A., Akinlade K. S., Olaniyi J. A., Fasanmade A. A., Oyewole O. E., Owolabi M. O., Adebusuyi J. R., Hassan O. O., Ajobo M. B., Adigun K., Ebesunun M. O., Popoola O. O., Omiyale W., Agbedana E. O.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2021

|

issue 4

306-312

EN

Introduction. Reports continue to show that a significant association exists between serum vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome (MS)-associated inflammation. However, information on the serum levels of vitamin D and alterations in inflammation in different vitamin D status is presently lacking. Aim. To determine the serum levels of vitamin D and TNF-α, and assess their possible relationship with gender in individuals with MS. Material and methods. Sixty adults with MS and 40 controls were enrolled into this case-control study. Serum vitamin D and TNF-α levels were measured and participants stratified into different vitamin D status. Results. None of the participants had vitamin D deficiency and the mean vitamin D level was similar in MS compared with the controls. However, TNF-α level was significantly higher in MS compared with the controls. Serum vitamin D level had significant inverse correlation with serum TNF-α level in MS. Also vitamin D level was significantly lower while TNF-α level was significantly higher in female-MS compared with the male-MS. Conclusion. Adults with MS have elevated TNF-α level which appears to be associated with the serum level of vitamin D. Also, females with MS have low vitamin D level and this may exacerbate the MS-associated inflammation in them.

3

Ozone effects on the respiratory system

100%

Filippidou, E.C, Koukouliata A.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2011

|

vol. 1

|

issue 2

144-155

EN

Ground level (tropospheric) ozone, an air pollutant and key ingredient of urban smog, has a negative impact on human health worldwide. Many studies have reported increases in emergency-room visits, hospital admissions, and mortality for patients with these conditions, associated with days of increased ozone. Short-term exposures to ozone irritate the respiratory system and may cause health problems by damaging lung tissue, reducing lung function, increased airway inflammation and making the lungs more sensitive to other irritants. It not only affects people with existing breathing problems, but also can affect healthy children and adults. Persons especially sensitive to ozone exposure are the elderly, infants, children, persons with existing respiratory issues such as diabetes mellitus, asthma or allergies, asthmatics, chronic respiratory patients, pregnant women, smokers, and persons with lung cancer, cardiovascular disease or immune system deficiency. Furthermore, recent research studies suggest that long-term exposure to ozone may be associated with lung cancer. This possibility is expected to be further explored.

4

Ovarian cancer and inflammation. Part 1. Pro-inflammatory cytokines.

100%

Terlikowska K., Strzyż-Skalij M., Kryński K., Osmólska M., Łada Z., Malinowska-Gleń M., Kryńska E., Terlikowski R.

Progress in Health Sciences

|

2018

|

vol. 8(1)

194-201

EN

Ovarian cancer is the most threatening cause of death among gynecologic malignancies and represents the fifth leading cause of death from all cancers for women. Research reveals that ovarian cancer patients exhibit significant immune responses against the tumor. In this review of the current literature chiefly the interaction of ovarian cancer tumor cells and the immune system is discussed. There is increasingly growing evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in intricate complex of mechanisms responsible for tumorigenesis, and delicate balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is critical for the antitumor host immune response.

5

The incidence and pattern of non-odontogenic orofacial pain conditions at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

88%

Hirani V. A., Owibingire S. S., Moshy J. R., Sohal K. S.

European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

|

2022

|

issue 1

49-55

EN

Introduction and aim. Non-odontogenic orofacial pain (NOFP) is a result of pathology, or injury to the structures in the orofacial region including the muscles, temporomandibular joint, neurovascular structures, and glands. This multi-diverse aetiopathogenesis poses a challenge in the diagnosis and management of NOPF. To determine the incidence and trend of various non-odontogenic orofacial pain conditions at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Material and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) for 6 months. The information gathered included socio-demographic characteristics of participants, characteristics of pain, and cause of pain. Pain intensity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results. The incidence of NOFP was 3.3%. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1 and the mean age of patients was 44.2 ± 17.4 years. The mean intensity of the pain using the VAS was 47.27 ± 5.66. Most (36.7%) patients experienced sharp pain. The common causes of NOFP were trauma (43.3%) and malignant lesions (38.3%). A statistically significant association between the age and sex of the patients and the causes of non-odontogenic pain was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The incidence of non-odontogenic orofacial pain is low. Trauma and malignant conditions were the leading causes of NOFP.

6

THE ROLE OF NEUTROPHILS AND THEIR APOPTOSIS IN THERE SOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION

75%

Pavlyshyn H., Sarapuk I.

Puls Uczelni

|

2015

|

issue 4

18-25

EN

Inflammation, as a part of the body’s immune response, is present in the progression of most diseases. Neutrophils form the first line of the defense against invading pathogens and subsequently play a prominent role in the resolution of inflammation. They have a protective function as they release antibacterial enzymes and generate reactive oxygen species. Neutrophils are able to regulate the inflammatory reaction by undergoing apoptosis. Apoptosis, then, facilitates cellular homeostasis ( immune defense), promotes the elimination of activated cells of the immune system, and can act as a major pathogenetic link of an inflammation process, defining its character. This review highlights the mechanisms of apoptosis, the influence of external and internal factors and infectious agents (viruses, extracellular and intracellular microorganisms) on the enactment of neutrophil programmed death and the resolution of inflammation.

PL

Stan zapalny jako część odpowiedzi immunologicznej organizmu jest patologiczną podstawą większości chorób. Granulocyty obojętnochłonne tworzą pierwszą linię obrony przed inwazją patogenów i odgrywają znaczącą rolę w zwalczaniu stanu zapalnego. Realizują one funkcję ochronną poprzez uwalnianie enzymów przeciwbakteryjnych i wytwarzanie wolnych rodników. Granulocyty obojętnochłonne są w stanie regulować reakcję zapalną poprzez apoptozę. Apoptoza zapewnia homeostazę komórek, ochronę immunologiczną, nasila eliminację aktywowanych komórek układu odpornościowego oraz może stanowić znaczący związek patogenetyczny z procesem zapalnym, określając jego charakter. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na mechanizmy apoptozy, wpływ czynników zewnętrznych i wewnętrznych oraz czynników zakaźnych (wirusy, wewnątrzkomórkowe i zewnątrzkomórkowe mikroorganizmy) na realizację zaprogramowanej śmierci granulocytów obojętnochłonnych i zwalczanie stanu zapalnego.

7

Occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields does not alter responses of inflammatory genes and activation of splenic lymphocytes in mice

75%

Luo X., Jia S., Li R., Gao P., Zhang Y.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

vol. 29

|

issue 2

277-291

EN

Objectives The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields (MFs) on the immune function of splenic lymphocytes in mice. Material and Methods Twenty male Kunming mice (6 weeks old), weighing 18– 25 g, were randomly divided into sham exposure (N = 10) and 500 μT MFs (N = 10) groups. The mice in the MFs group were exposed to 500 μT MFs for 8 h daily (5 days/week) for up to 60 days. In vitro study was carried out to examine the effects of 50 Hz MFs on the expression of inflammatory factor genes and a cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69) in mouse prime splenic lymphocytes activated by para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA) and ionomycin. In the in vitro experiments, lymphocytes were isolated from the spleen of 10 healthy Kunming mice, the cells were cultured in the Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium (RPMI-1640) and exposed to 0 μT, 250 μT, 500 μT, or 1 mT MFs in an incubator under 5% carbon dioxide (CO₂) at 37°C for 6 h. The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) and T cell-specific T-box transcription factor (T-bet) were assessed by the real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), respectively. The expression of CD69 was checked using the flow cytometry. Results Under our experimental conditions, body weight of the mice exposed to occupational, extremely low frequency- electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) significantly decreased on day 20 and day 30. There were no significant changes observed in vivo in spleen weight, splenic coefficient, splenic histology profile and cytokine production in spleen tissues. Our in vitro experiments showed that 50 Hz MFs had no effect on the expression of these genes and CD69 to primary splenic cells. Conclusions In conclusion, under the applied experimental conditions, occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field did not alter responses of inflammatory genes and activation of splenic lymphocytes in mice, except for body weight.

8

Preliminary study to explore gene-$\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ interactive effects on respiratory system in traffic policemen

75%

Zhao J., Bo L., Gong C., Cheng P., Kan H., Xie Y., Song W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

vol. 28

|

issue 6

971-983

EN

Objectives Traffic-related particulate matter (PM) is one of the major sources of air pollution in metropolitan areas. This study is to observe the interactive effects of gene and fine particles (particles smaller than 2.5 μm – $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$) on the respiratory system and explore the mechanisms linking $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ and pulmonary injury. Material and Methods The participants include 110 traffic policemen and 101 common populations in Shanghai, China. Continuous 24 h individual-level $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ is detected and the pulmonary function, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) and the polymorphism in CXCL3, NME7 and C5 genes are determined. The multiple linear regression method is used to analyze the association between $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ and health effects. Meanwhile, the interactive effects of gene and $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ on lung function are analyzed. Results The individual $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ exposure for traffic policemen was higher than that in the common population whereas the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁), the ratio of FEV₁ to forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC) and lymphocytes are lower. In contrast, the hs-CRP level is higher. In the adjusted analysis, $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ exposure was associated with the decrease in lymphocytes and the increase in hs-CRP. The allele frequencies for NME7 and C5 have significant differences between FEV₁/FVC ≤ 70% and FEV₁/FVC > 70% participants. The results didn’t find the interaction effects of gene and $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ on FEV₁/FVC in all the 3 genes. Conclusions The results indicated that traffic exposure to high levels of $\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ was associated with systemic inflammatory response and respiratory injury. Traffic policemen represent a high risk group suffering from the respiratory injury.

9

Lipopolysaccharide accelerates fine particulate matter-induced cell apoptosis in human lung bronchial epithelial cells

75%

Ru Q., Xiong Q., Chen L., Tian X., Yue K., Ma B., Liu L., Wu R., Xu C., Pi M., Li C.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2017

|

vol. 31

|

issue 2

173-183

EN

Objectives The aim of the study has been to investigate the effect of the Standard Reference Material of fine particulate matter (SRM 2786) on cytotoxicity and apoptosis in human lung bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE cells). Whether the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation could further accelerate cell apoptosis induced by SRM 2786 stimulation has also been determined. Material and Methods 16HBE cells were exposed to various doses of SRM 2786 with or without LPS. The following parameters: cytotoxicity, apoptotic rate, Bax/Bcl-2 expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured. Results The results have shown that SRM 2786 induces cell damage and apoptosis of 16HBE cells as demonstrated by significant decrease in expression of Bcl-2 and increase in expression of Bax. When compared with the control cells, the apoptotic rate of cells treated by 500 μg/ml of SRM 2786 increased from 2.43±0.21% to 43.96±2.95% (p < 0.01). Further, there was an elevated production of NO and ROS post SRM 2786 treatment. The level of NO in cells treated with 500 μg/ml of SRM 2786 was 18.33±1.02 μmol/l whereas that of control cells was 1.58±0.31 μmol/l (p < 0.01). When compared with the control group, the level of intracellular ROS increased by 24% after treatment with 500 μg/ml of SRM 2786 (p < 0.05). In addition, LPS pre-treatment may accelerate cell apoptosis by increasing generation of NO and ROS followed by SRM 2786 stimulation. When compared to cells treated with 125 μg/ml of SRM 2786 alone, the levels of NO and ROS in cells pretreated with LPS increased by 28% and 11.6%, respectively (p < 0.05), and the apoptotic rate increased from 34.62±4.44% to 54.11±3.34% (p < 0.01). Conclusions These findings have suggested that in vitro exposure to SRM 2786 could induce 16HBE cells apoptosis probably by means of the mechanism involving the generation of free radicals, while the degree of apoptosis would be further aggravated under inflammation condition. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(2):173–183

10

Ambient ozone and bacterium Streptococcus: A link between cellulitis and pharyngitis

75%

Valacchi G., Porada E., Rowe B. H.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2015

|

vol. 28

|

issue 4

771-774

EN

Objectives Ambient air pollution, as many publications indicate, may have associations with skin condition. The aim of this study has been to examine such common relations for cellulitis and pharyngitis. The hypothesis is that ambient ground-level ozone may help bacteria to penetrate skin or throat. Material and Methods We used the emergency department (ED) visits data in Edmonton, Canada for the period from 1992 (April) to 2002 (March). We retrieved all the diagnosed ED visits for cellulitis and pharyngitis. Case-crossover design was used to study potential association between ozone and those visits. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results The results are reported for the interquartile range (IQR = 17.9 ppb) for 8 h maximum ozone. Positive and statistical significant results were obtained as follows: for lags from 0 to 3 (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.12, lag 2); for lags from 0 to 6 days (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03–1.12, lag 3); for lags from 0 to 4 (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03–1.09, for lag 2 and 3). Conclusions The findings suggest the response to exposure to ambient ground-level ozone for skin and pharyngitis considered separately and jointly.

11

The effects of radio-frequency radiation (RFR) exposure on the analgesic efficacy of morphine in healthy rats and rats with inflammation

75%

Bodera P., Antkowiak B., Paluch M., Sirav B., Siwicki A. K., Stankiewicz W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2019

|

vol. 32

|

issue 4

465-474

EN

Objectives The aim of this study, conducted at the Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology in Warsaw in 2017, was to evaluate the effects of a single (15 min) and repeated (5 times for 15 min) radio-frequency radiation (RFR) exposure of 1800 MHz frequency on the analgesic efficacy of morphine in healthy rats and rats with complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced inflammation. Material and Methods Rats were injected intraperitoneally with morphine (MF) in the dose of 8 mg/kg or drug vehicle 15 min before RFR exposure. The authors used the plantar analgesia meter and the radiant heat paw-withdrawal test to assess the pain threshold. Results A single RFR exposure slightly influenced paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in healthy rats in the single exposure baseline group, and influenced PWL, 30 and 60 min after morphine or vehicle injection, in the repeated exposure group. There were differences between the sham-exposed groups (vehicle), 30, 60 and 90 min after injection, both in the single and repeated RFR-exposure groups. The antinociceptive effect of morphine in healthy rats was slightly decreased by RFR exposure at 60 and 90 min, both in the single and repeated exposure groups. The PWL was slightly decreased, both in the single and repeated exposure groups with inflammation (CFA and CFA/MF), at 30, 60 and 90 min, and PWL was increased in the sham-exposed groups (CFA and CFA/MF), both in the single and repeated exposure groups, at 30, 60 and 90 min. The antinociceptive effect of morphine in healthy rats was significantly increased by RFR exposure at 30 min after drug injection in the single exposure group, and increased at 30 and 60 min in the repeated exposure group. Conclusions The authors observed a minor influence of RFR exposure on the antinociceptive effects of morphine in healthy rats after repeated exposures and a statistically significant influence of repeated exposure on morphine mediated antinociceptive effects in the inflammation group. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):465–74

12

Health risk in road transport workers. Part I. Occupational exposure to chemicals, biomarkers of effect

75%

Gromadzińska J., Wąsowicz W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2019

|

vol. 32

|

issue 3

267-280

EN

Motor vehicle emissions constitute a mixture of different chemicals: volatile organic solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, isocyanates, etc. Drivers working in car cabins are exposed to chemicals deriving from incomplete combustion of fuels, exhaust emissions from working engines and fuel evaporation. Concentrations of these substances are rather low and do not exceed the applicable hygiene standards, but some of them pose, or are suspected to pose, carcinogenic risk. The interaction of chemical substances with human cells and tissues can lead to a number of modifications of metabolic pathways at a cellular level. The first biological mechanism of metabolic modulation is an inflammatory state and oxidative stress generation. The aim of this review is to analyze biomarkers of effect and to assess the hazard of occupational exposure of drivers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(3):267–80

13

Immunostymulujące składniki żywności w prewencji i łagodzeniu przebiegu procesów zapalnych

51%

Kurczyńska A., Dymarska E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Zawodowej im. Witelona w Legnicy

|

2018

|

issue 2(27)

45-60

PL

Proces zapalny jest podstawowym zjawiskiem w przebiegu infekcji i korzystnym, gdy trwa krótko. Przewlekłe zapalenie jest z kolei stanem patologicznym, które leży u podłoża licznych chorób, w tym coraz częstszych chorób autoimmunizacyjnych. Obecnie wiadomo, że sposób odżywiania oddziałuje na mikrobiotę jelitową. Ta natomiast, jako kluczowy element układu immunologicznego, jest ściśle powiązana z funkcjami obronnymi organizmu. Odporność i sprawność zwalczania infekcji mogą być skutecznie wspierane poprzez odpowiednie składniki pożywienia. Ponadto naturalne produkty immunostymulujące wykazują duży potencjał w prewencji oraz łagodzeniu przewlekłego stanu zapalnego. Celem pracy jest przybliżenie zjawiska procesu zapalnego i zakresu możliwości modulowania go poprzez odżywianie, zarówno w stanach ostrych, jak i przewlekłych.

EN

The inflammation process is essential in the course of developing infection and beneficial when it lasts for a short period. Conversely, chronic inflammation represents a pathological condition that lies at the bottom of numerous disorders, including the increasingly common autoimmune diseases. Nowadays it is commonly known that our eating habits affect the gut microbiota. Being the key element of the immune system, it is thus highly relevant to the organism’s defensive functions. Immunity and the ability to fight infections can be efficiently enhanced by nutrients. Furthermore, natural immunostymulants show a high potential of prevention and alleviation of chronic inflammation. The aim of this paper is to present the phenomenon of inflammation and the range of possibilities to modulate it through nutrition, both in acute and chronic conditions.

14

Dynamics of cortisol and testosterone in acute response to a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition practiced by athletes with disabilities: multiple case study

51%

S. S. Lopes J., de M. Neto A. M., Goncalves L. C. O., Alves P. R. L., Andrade C. M. B.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

|

2022

|

vol. 22

|

issue 2

48-55

EN

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu match,practiced by athletes with disabilities, on the serum levels of hormonal and lactate markers. Methods. Five male athletes were included (mean and SD: age 38.5 ± 4.2 years; height 1.68 ± 0.05 cm; body mass 89.4 ± 5.8 kg; BMI 31.6 ± 3.7 kg.m2); participants I and II were professional athletes with world titles. The results were individually analyzed, which constitutes a multiple case study under the Ethics Committee registration no. 2.997.241. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the simulated match session. The data analyzed were: lactate, cortisol, testosterone, and body temperature.Results. Regarding testosterone values, an increase was observed in all participants after the match (mean and SD: 36.4 ± 6.8 pre-match and 45.9 ± 8.1 post-match), with a significance of p = 0.006 between moments. For cortisol, the gross values of all participants decreased after the match (mean and SD: 157.6 ± 15.4 pre-match and 121.8 ± 14.7 post-match), with a significant difference between moments (p=0.02). The lactate values also increased in all participants (mean and SD: 2.52 ± 0.05 pre-match and 11.6 ± 0.8 post- match), with a significant difference between moments (p=0.0004). In addition, no correlations were found between hormonal concentrations and age (Testosterone x Age, p-value=0.7600; Cortisol x Age, p-value=0.600). Conclusions. Different alterations in hormonal and metabolic parameters represent responses to acute physical exercise. From these data, it is possible to evaluate the training load implemented and suggest periodization and recovery techniques according to the individual responses.

PL

Cel. Celem pracy było zbadanie ostrego wpływu symulowanej walki brazylijskiego jiu-jitsu, uprawianego przez sportowców niepełnosprawnych, na stężenie w surowicy krwi markerów hormonalnych i mleczanowych. Metody. W badaniu brało udział pięciu mężczyzn (średnia i SD: wiek 38,5 ± 4,2 lat; wzrost 1,68 ± 0,05 cm; masa ciała 89,4 ± 5,8 kg; BMI 31,6 ± 3,7 kg.m2), przy czym uczestnicy I i II byli zawodowymi sportowcami z tytułami mistrzów świata. Wyniki analizowano indywidualnie, co stanowi studium wielu przypadków. Próbki krwi pobierano przed i bezpośrednio po symulowanej sesji walki. Analizowane dane to: mleczan, kortyzol, testosteron i temperatura ciała. Wyniki. Jeśli chodzi o wartości testosteronu, zaobserwowano wzrost u wszystkich uczestników po walce (średnia i SD: 36,4 ± 6,8 przed walką i 45,9 ± 8,1 po walce), z istotnością statystyczną p = 0,006. W przypadku kortyzolu, wartości brutto wszystkich uczestników zmniejszyły się po walce (średnia i SD: 157,6 ± 15,4 przed walką i 121,8 ± 14,7 po walce), z istotną różnicą pomiędzy momentami (p=0,02). Wartości mleczanu również wzrosły u wszystkich uczestników (średnia i SD: 2,52 ± 0,05 przed walką i 11,6 ± 0,8 po walce), z istotną różnicą pomiędzy momentami (p=0,0004). Ponadto nie stwierdzono korelacji pomiędzy stężeniami hormonów a wiekiem (Testosteron x Wiek, p-value=0,7600; Kortyzol x Wiek, p-value=0,600). Wnioski. Różne zmiany w parametrach hormonalnych i metabolicznych są odpowiedzią na ostry wysiłek fizyczny. Na podstawie tych danych można ocenić obciążenie treningowe oraz zaproponować techniki periodyzacji i regeneracji w zależności od indywidualnych reakcji.

15

Zastosowanie diklofenaku w leczeniu wybranych jednostek chorobowych

51%

Liczner G.

Gabinet Prywatny

|

2024

|

vol. 294

|

issue 2

17-24

PL

Diklofenak należy obecnie do jednych z najczęściej stosowanych niesteroidowych leków przeciwzapalnych, co wynika z jego wysokiej skuteczności i precyzyjnie dobranej formuły. Dostępność diklofenaku w formie roztworu do wstrzykiwań, kapsułek, w tym o zmodyfikowanym uwalnianiu, czopków, żelów czy roztworu do płukania jamy ustnej poszerzyła jego zastosowanie w leczeniu wielu jednostek chorobowych, zwłaszcza w terapii miejscowej, co pozwala ograniczyć ryzyko działań niepożądanych, typowych dla leków z tej grupy. Diklofenak zasługuje na szczególną uwagę ze względu na unikatowy mechanizm działania oraz stosunkowo niskie ryzyko toksyczności narządowej w porównaniu do pozostałych NLPZ. Dodatkową zaletą diklofenaku jest możliwość kojarzenia z preparatami witaminowymi oraz brak interakcji z lekami przeciwbólowymi z pozostałych pięter drabiny analgetycznej. Ostatnie przeglądy systematyczne z metaanalizą wielu badań porównujących diklofenak z innymi lekami z grupy NLPZ skupiają się w pierwszej kolejności na bezpieczeństwie stosowanej farmakoterapii, która uzależniona jest przede wszystkim od dawki dobowej leku. Okazuje się, że przewlekłe stosowanie diklofenaku w dawkach submaksymalnych wiąże się z podobnym ryzykiem zawału serca czy udaru mózgu, ale mniejszym ryzykiem poważnych zdarzeń ze strony górnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego w porównaniu z inhibitorami COX-2 i klasycznymi NLPZ.

EN

Diclofenac is currently one of the most frequently used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which is due to its high effectiveness and carefully developed formula. Diclofenac is available in injection solution, modified-release capsules, suppositories, gels and mouthwash solution. Various routes of administration enable its wide use in the treatment of many diseases. The possibility of use in local therapy reduces the risk of side effects typical of drugs from this group. Diclofenac deserves special attention due to its unique mechanism of action and relatively low risk of organ toxicity compared to other NSAIDs. An additional advantage of diclofenac is the possibility of combining it with vitamin preparations and the lack of interaction with painkillers from other levels of the analgesic ladder. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis comparing diclofenac with other NSAIDs focus primarily on the safety of the pharmacotherapy used, which depends mainly on the daily dose of the drug. It turns out, that chronic use of diclofenac in submaximal doses is associated with a similar risk of heart attack or stroke, but a lower risk of serious events in the upper gastrointestinal tract compared to COX-2 inhibitors and classic NSAIDs.

16

Choroba hemoroidalna u kobiet w ciąży

38%

Jabłoński M., Łuszczyna W.

Lek w Polsce

|

2022

|

vol. 32 (372)

|

issue 5

23-28

EN

Hemorrhoids is the determination of physiological structures located in the distal part of the rectum and the anal canal. In certain situations (e.g. during pregnancy), there is an increase in and possible loss of the hemorrhoids from the rectum, which may manifest as bleeding, sweeling, itching and discomfort. Pregnancy is the most important risk factor for problems with hemorrhoids in women of childbearing age. The treatment process mainly involves conservative techniques, including topical preparations.

PL

Hemoroidy to określenie fizjologicznych struktur, usytuowanych w dystalnej części odbytnicy i kanału odbytu. W pewnych sytuacjach (np. w przebiegu ciąży) dochodzi do powiększenia i ewentualnego wypadania hemoroidów z odbytu, co dodatkowo może objawiać się krwawieniem, obrzękiem, swędzeniem i dyskomfortem. Ciąża to najważniejszy czynnik ryzyka wystąpienia problemów z hemoroidami u kobiet w wieku rozrodczym. Postępowanie terapeutyczne obejmuje przede wszystkim techniki zachowawcze, w tym preparaty miejscowe. Bardzo często spotkać się można z sytuacją, kiedy to pacjenci mylnie uważają, że samo występowanie hemoroidów jest już stanem patologicznym. Otóż nie – hemoroidy, a dokładniej guzki krwawnicze to anatomiczne i normalnie występujące u każdego człowieka struktury kanału odbytu. Przybierają one formę ciał jamistych, które co do zasady zbudowane są z mięśniówki gładkiej, tkanki łącznej i licznych splotów naczyń krwionośnych. To głównie obecność sporej ilości połączeń tętniczo-żylnych odpowiada za ewentualne dolegliwości chorobowe. Guzki krwawnicze występują w dystalnej części odbytnicy, a także w obrębie kanału odbytu. Pod względem pełnionej przez siebie funkcji odpowiadają za blisko 15–20% maksymalnego ciśnienia spoczynkowego w kanale odbytu. W związku z tym, że uczestniczą one w prawidłowym zamykaniu kanału odbytu, są tym samym istotnym elementem pozwalającym na właściwe zatrzymywanie stolca.

Refine search results

Ovarian cancer and inflammation. Part 2. Anti-inflammatory cytokines

Serum levels of vitamin D and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in adults with metabolic syndrome

Ozone effects on the respiratory system

Ovarian cancer and inflammation. Part 1. Pro-inflammatory cytokines.

The incidence and pattern of non-odontogenic orofacial pain conditions at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania

THE ROLE OF NEUTROPHILS AND THEIR APOPTOSIS IN THERE SOLUTION OF INFLAMMATION

Occupational exposure to 50 Hz magnetic fields does not alter responses of inflammatory genes and activation of splenic lymphocytes in mice

Preliminary study to explore gene-$\text{PM}_\text{2.5}$ interactive effects on respiratory system in traffic policemen

Lipopolysaccharide accelerates fine particulate matter-induced cell apoptosis in human lung bronchial epithelial cells

Ambient ozone and bacterium Streptococcus: A link between cellulitis and pharyngitis

The effects of radio-frequency radiation (RFR) exposure on the analgesic efficacy of morphine in healthy rats and rats with inflammation

Health risk in road transport workers. Part I. Occupational exposure to chemicals, biomarkers of effect

Immunostymulujące składniki żywności w prewencji i łagodzeniu przebiegu procesów zapalnych

Dynamics of cortisol and testosterone in acute response to a simulated Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition practiced by athletes with disabilities: multiple case study

Zastosowanie diklofenaku w leczeniu wybranych jednostek chorobowych

Choroba hemoroidalna u kobiet w ciąży