Search results

1

Inflectional Change Patterns in Arabic

100%

Abu Joudeh M., Al-Shboul S.

Psychology of Language and Communication

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 2

203-227

EN

Most approaches to inflectional morphology propose a single-default representation. This research on Jordanian Arabic offers an analysis having more than one default inflection. This is accomplished by showing that unlike previous morphological accounts like the single-mechanism model, dual-mechanism model, and the schema model (cf. Pinker, 1990; Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986; and Bybee, 1985), the current research relies upon the ‘openness’ mechanism to define defaultness. Openness is thus defined as the ability of the inflectional process to accept new forms into a language. The corpus used in this research contains diminutives, verbal nouns, derivatives, and loan words used in JA. Other defining factors are modified in this research, such as regularity (rule-based mechanism) and productivity (type frequency). The findings of this research indicate that there are two possible defaults in Jordanian Arabic ordered in terms of openness: the sound feminine plural and the iambic broken plural. The findings have the implication that a language’s grammar can have a multi-default system.

2

Descriptive Criteria of nominal inflectional categories in Ancient Greek Grammar

100%

Wolanin H.

Classica Cracoviensia

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2013

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issue 16

207-241

EN

The present paper analyses the methodology adopted in the ancient Greek grammatical tradition to define and describe the nominal inflectional categories, i.e. gender, number, and case. The main source for the said analysis is the treatise Tekhne grammatike attributed to Dionysius Thrax, but references are also made to the works of Aristotle and some other authors. The research shows that semantic (functional) criteria played the principal part in describing the nominal inflectional categories, and especially that of the case. This does not mean, however, that the formal factor was completely absent: Aristotle’s determination in searching for formal criteria of gender classes of nouns is noteworthy in this respect, as well as the attempt to associate the number category with some formal factors, evidenced in the Tekhne.

3

Auxiliary clitics in Polish

100%

Jagódzka D.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2018

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vol. 4

63-78

EN

Polish auxiliary clitics constitute an interesting set of data which draws attention to cross-linguistic differences among Slavic languages. A general principle for clitic placement in Indo-European languages is the one described by Jacob Wackernagel in his 1892 work. He concluded that clitics appeared in the second position in the clause, after the first word in a sentence. This pattern was true to some degree in Old Church Slavonic and still holds for a number of contemporary Slavic languages e.g. Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Czech and Slovak which have second position clitics. Bulgarian and Macedonian have verb adjacent pronominal clitics and Polish has auxiliary clitics (Migdalski 2007, 2010, Pancheva 2005). Also in the older versions of Polish language the above mentioned tendency was strong. In Modern Polish auxiliary clitics attach to the l-participle most frequently. However, one of the unusual properties they possess is the ability to choose almost every clausal element for their host. Polish auxiliary clitics can trigger morphophonological alternations on their hosts, which is an affix-like property; however, at the same time they display clearly clitic-like behaviour when they attach freely to words of any lexical class. The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the morpho-syntactic properties of two kinds of auxiliary clitics: bound and free. The bound clitics carry person-number agreement markers for past tense (the so called ‘floating’ or ‘mobile’ inflections). The free clitic is the morpheme by used for conditional and subjunctive mood.

4

Odmiana polskich nazw miejscowych w edukacji szkolnej — jak i po co?

88%

Kaszewski K.

Kształcenie Językowe

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2019

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vol. 17 (27)

43-59

EN

Inflection of Polish place names is a new topic in the Polish language curriculum. In the article I discuss the basic problems with the teaching of the subject in school practice (e.g. Considerable grammatical diversity and irregularity of the names, relatively low number of teaching aids) and propose basic objectives as well as examples of methods used when working with the names of Polish towns and villages. The main objective is not just to develop grammatical competence; it is also about, perhaps above all, developing logical thinking as well as the ability to deal with difficulties (using reliable sources of information). Exercises with Polish place names can teach analysis, reasoning, spotting differences and similarities, and using analogies. They should also encourage the use of place names in various texts.

5

Лемковские анафорические местоимения: кодифицированная и уэус

88%

Reis A.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2013

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issue 1(9)

215-237

EN

This article describes the main tendencies in the development of the Lemkian morphology, namely, in the inflection of the anaphoric pronouns in the speech of Lemkos. The focus is on determining similarities and differences between the inventory of grammatical forms, as described in the codified norm, and the pronominal forms, the use of which is typical for the actual spoken Lemkian (presented here as a corpus of Lemkian oral speech, consisting of conversations recorded within a family circle). The present comparative analysis shows that the paradigm of anaphoric pronouns in the Grammar of Lemkian language is no longer an adequate reflections of the linguistic reality.

6

Eesti sonamuutmise uurimise luhiulevaade

88%

Viht A.

Mäetagused

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2017

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vol. 69

133-152

EN

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Estonian inflection was described in the traditional framework of Latin grammar. Grammars still differed from one another. For example, Johann Gutslaff observed that the case forms which were traditionally included in the Latinized case paradigm and other Estonian word forms were actually formed the same way. Johann Hornung’s grammar started a new era by offering a more vernacular-based description of Estonian inflection than in previous grammars. An active search for alternative ways to describe Estonian inflection took place in the first half of the 19th century. Both verbal and nominal paradigms received novel interpretations, and mutation was for the first time treated systematically. The nature of case and the contents of the case paradigm were the most popular topics. The first complete overview of the Estonian inflectional system which followed the new ideas was compiled by Eduard Ahrens. In the second half of the 19th century, the thorough descriptive grammar by Ferdinand Johann Wiedemann and the first grammars in the Estonian language were published. The first disciplines of emerging Estonian linguistics, historical linguistics and dialectology evolved during the 1920s–1930s under the leadership of Andrus Saareste, Julius Mägiste and others. The 1940s–1950s were shadowed by war and the beginning of the Soviet occupation. Linguistic research was neither particularly productive nor novel, and the fields and methods remained largely the same as before. Arnold Kask began his thorough studies on the history of literary Estonian, which in time developed into a fruitful research discipline under his influence. The 1960s–1990s was a period characterized by intensive attention to inflection theory. First, Estonian word forms were described using the internationally well-known IA and IP models. Then, Ülle Viks, Toomas Help, Henn Saari and Martin Ehala all developed their own morphological models. Research was influenced by novel methods and insights, e.g. the theory of natural morphology and the center-periphery view of linguistic phenomena. Huno Rätsep suggested a new interpretation of Estonian moods, giving evidentiality a distinctive role. Toomas Help and Joel Nevis examined some case morphemes as clitics instead of the traditional interpretation as case affixes. A thorough descriptive grammar was compiled (1993-1995). Its inflection chapter, authored by Kristiina Ross, differed radically from the previous grammars and relied on the morphological classification of Ülle Viks and the model of regular and irregular morphology by Toomas Help. Some new disciplines emerged: first-language acquisition, the study of colloquial language and computational linguistics. The research of Mati Hint, in particular, revealed major systematic differences between formal and colloquial inflection. Traditional disciplines flourished as well. Among other works, many important general treatments were published: a history of the noun paradigm by Huno Rätsep, a history of literary Estonian by Arnold Kask, a systematic overview of contemporary inflection by Jaak Peebo and comprehensive overviews of several Estonian dialects. The most important theoretical works of the new millennium include the descriptions of Estonian verb and noun inflection using the WP model by James Blevins. Studies on colloquial Estonian have revealed some ongoing changes in morphological paradigms. Second-language acquisition and the study of language disorders have developed into full-fledged research areas. Of the existent disciplines, first-language acquisition, dialectology, the history of literary Estonian and research on colloquial Estonian have been productive. Diachronic inflection, on the other hand, has received less attention than before. Recently, research on morphosyntax has prevailed over the study of inflection.

7

Morfeusz 2 – analizator i generator fleksyjny dla języka polskiego

75%

Kieraś W., Woliński M.

Język Polski

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2017

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vol. 97

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issue 1

75-83

PL

Morfeusz jest aplikacją znaną polskim badaczom z kręgu językoznawstwa komputerowego od ponad 10 lat. W artykule przedstawiamy jego nową wersję, skupiając się na zmianach, które pojawiły się od poprzedniej wersji programu.

EN

Morfeusz is a well known application, used in Polish computational linguistics for over a decade. In the paper we present a new version of the program, focusing on new features which have been introduced since the previous version.

8

From sound change to suppletion: case studies from Indo-European languages

75%

Kim R. I.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2016

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vol. 77

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issue 4

354-370

EN

Although suppletion has attracted increasing attention in recent years, there is still no accepted dividing line between suppletion and other types of morphological irregularity. It is argued that even explicitly ahistorical treatments have been biased by diachrony, so that forms which are known to have developed from regular paradigms, e.g. Ancient Greek heîs ‘one’ ~ fem. mía or English think ~ thought, tend to be treated as less “truly” suppletive than those which have no known common source. Such cases are not only to be classified as suppletive on formal grounds, but deserve closer attention than they have heretofore received from historical linguists. Given the widespread view that morphological analogy acts to regularize paradigms which have become opaque as a result of phonological changes, suppletion of this sort may be viewed as the logical end point of sound change acting over significant time depths. Any diachronic typology of suppletion must thereforedi stinguish between paradigms composed of historically unrelated stems, and those whose stems have diverged through the cumulative effects of phonological change. With their long written records, Indo-European languages furnish numerous examples of the latter type.

9

W sprawie durkheimowsko-saussurowskiego „faktu społecznego”. Dwa exempla z polskiej morfologii

75%

Bogusławski A.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2015

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issue Numer Specjalny

37-45

EN

The author presents an argument in favour of Durkheimian – Saussurian theory of „social fact” as applied to language. The argument consists in pointing out two examples of morphological facts of Polish that are not easily accessible to native speakers and have not been explicitly verbalized, but are nonetheless invariably and rigorously implemented by all of them in their linguistic practice. This shows that the regularities are superimposed on them in a strongly anti-individualistic way. The first fact can be illustrated with the sequence walka ze zorganizowaną przestępczością ‘struggle of its being followed by the adjacent segment beginning in z + V (rather than by a cluster of consonants beginning in a frontal fricative). Polish has created an analogon of the necessary separation of the prepositions z and w from their right-hand syllabic homophonic partner in the adjacent context. The nature of the analogon can be described in the following way: we have to do with strict functional proportional separability of the right-hand non-syllabic homophonic partner of the preposition, on the one hand, and the rest of the expression the partner belongs to. Here is an example of such a proportion: zorganizowany : organizowany :: zoperowany : operowany. The second fact can be illustrated with the present tense form dozbierywuje (vs. * dozbieruje) of the verb dozbierywać. This shape manifests a strict parallelism with regard to the imperfective forms in -liwać, -liwuje, vs. * -luje, cf. rozstrzelać – rozstrzeliwać – rozstrzeliwuje. Both main spirants, [l] and [r], go here hand in hand. However, there is an additional regularity in play. The point is that the shape -r-ywuje depends on the presence of the preceding sequence which contains a root vowel, cf. przeorać – przeorywać – przeorywuje (here, the vowel is [o]). If this condition is not met, the final -uje does not appear; instead, next to -r-yw- regular endings of the main conjugation of verbs in -ać are used; thus, we have -a in the 3rd person sg, -am in the 1st person sg, and so on, cf.: przegrać – przegrywać – przegrywa – przegrywam.

10

Mikrokorpus Gronowy Polszczyzny 1830–1918

75%

Derwojedowa M.

Poradnik Językowy

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2020

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vol. 777

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issue 8

52-65

EN

This paper is dedicated to the construction of a small cluster corpus of Polish texts from the period 1830–1918. The assumptions of the corpus, its micro- and macro-structure, as well as stylistic, regional and author diversity, and method of making it available are presented. Its application capabilities are illustrated on the example of orthographic, infl ectional, and syntactic studies.

11

„Słownik gramatyczny języka polskiego” – wersja internetowa

75%

Kieraś W., Woliński M.

Język Polski

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2017

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vol. 97

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issue 1

84-93

PL

W artykule opisujemy internetową wersję „Słownika gramatycznego języka polskiego”. Skupiamy się przede wszystkim na zmianach, które zaszły w jego nowym wydaniu w porównaniu z poprzednimi wydaniami dostępnymi w postaci aplikacji komputerowej. Wśród najciekawszych zmian należy wymienić pełny wgląd w system wzorów odmiany wraz z ich nową systematyzacją, a także znacznie rozszerzone możliwości przeszukiwania słownika według rozmaitych kryteriów. Pokazujemy kilka praktycznych przykładów wykorzystania nowych funkcji SGJP.

EN

In the paper we present a new online version of the “Grammatical Dictionary of Polish”. We focus on new features which have been introduced since the previous editions of the dictionary which were available as a desktop application. The most interesting changes include a full view of inflectional patterns together with their new systematization and significantly extended searching tools allowing to filter entries of the dictionary based on various criteria. Some practical examples of using these new features are presented.

12

O odmianie czasowników o podstawach „mleć” i „pleć”

75%

Czerepowicka M., Saloni Z.

Język Polski

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2017

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vol. 97

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issue 1

94-106

PL

Celem artykułu jest dyskusja nad paradygmatami czasowników o podstawach: mleć – mielić, pleć – pielić oraz ich derywatów leksykalnych. Współczesne słowniki języka polskiego podają z reguły paradygmaty hybrydalne. Ich trzon stanowią tradycyjne formy utworzone od podstaw mleć i pleć, jednak imiesłowy bierne oraz gerundia zaczerpnięte są z nowych wariantów – mielić, pielić. Autorzy badają obecność obu typu form w tekstach. Stare warianty form powszechnie występują w NKJP, ale po analizach danych korpusowych okazuje się to wynikiem automatycznego znakowania morfosyntaktycznego, sprzyjającego wariantom akceptowanym przez słowniki normatywne. W rzeczywistości nowe warianty form okazują się częstsze. W podsumowaniu autorzy proponują podzielić paradygmaty zgodnie z rozwojem form i uznać czasowniki „mielić”, „pielić” za niezależne warianty neutralne. Rozwiązanie to zostało już wprowadzone do nowej edycji (online) „Słownika gramatycznego języka polskiego”.

EN

The article discusses the contemporary situation of the lexical variants of two Polish verbs: “mleć” : “mielić”, “pleć” : “pielić” (and their prefixed derivatives). As a rule Polish dictionaries give the hybrid paradigms with the majority forms built from the traditional variants “mleć” and “pleć”, but the participle and the gerund are taken from the new variants “mielić” and “pielić”, belonging to the productive conjugational pattern (“mielony”, “mielenie”; “pielony”, “pielenie” instead of the old forms “mlety”, “mlecie”; “plety”, “plecie”, now completely obsolete). In Polish text corpora the old variants are seemingly prevalent, but this is the result of automatic tagging, favoring the variants accepted by traditional normative dictionaries. In fact, new variants are more frequent. In conclusion, the authors propose to divide the paradigms according to their history and to recognize “mielić” and “pielić” as neutral variants. This solution has been introduced in the new on-line edition of the “Grammatical Dictionary of Polish”.

13

Early Old English Nominal System: Synchronic Declensions in the Vespasian Psalter

75%

Kolasińska P.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

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2013

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vol. 48

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issue 4

35-48

EN

The study analyzes the Early Old English nominal system from a synchronic perspective, since a diachronic approach is unable to provide an accurate description of the language. The analysis is based on the full text of the Vespasian Psalter interlinear gloss. The nouns were grouped according to their inflectional endings, thus representing the synchronically functioning nominal system of Early Old English, contrary to the traditional, diachronic classification, which uses reconstructed stems to classify nouns. The Vespasian Psalter model is compared and contrasted with the latest ‘classical’ work on Old English, Hogg and Fulk’s A Grammar of Old English. Volume 2: Morphology (2011), which also aims at presenting Old English from a synchronic perspective.

14

Jednostki obce w słowniku języka polskiego na przykładzie Słownika elektronicznego jednostek frazeologicznych (SEJF)

75%

Czerepowicka M.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2014

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issue 17

59-68

EN

The paper discusses the presence of foreign phraseological units and of their grammatical features in phraseological dictionaries of general Polish. The author adduces lexicographical descriptions of specific phrasemes from Polish and foreign words dictionaries, and compares them with corpus data. Based on these analyses, she proposes a set of detailed solutions which were implemented in Słownik elektroniczny jednostek frazeologicznych (SEJF) ‘Electronic Dictionary of Multi-Word Units’ that she is preparing. SEJF is going to be the first electronic grammatical dictionary of Polish idiomatic phrases to provide paradigms for the described units. The paper closes with a list of one hundred analysed phrasemes, each with the assigned lexeme class and, in the case of nouns, also the gender value.

15

Analiza statystyczna polsko-ukraińskiego interjęzyka – najtrudniejsze miejsca polskiej fleksji dla osób ukraińskojęzycznych

75%

Izdebska-Długosz D.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2023

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vol. 2

383-396

EN

This paper presents part of a statistical analysis (SPSS) of the Polish-Ukrainian interlanguage which is currently being conducted. The presented part of the research pertains to the most difficult forms from the morphological level of the Polish language for speakers of Ukrainian who learn Polish as a foreign language, regardless of their declared level of language proficiency (A1+ ‒ B2+). The analyses presented in the article are of a qualitative nature. The questionnaire for the research into the interlanguage contained both correct and wrong forms (i.e. interferential forms extracted from the previous author’s corpus-based error analyses) – the respondent had to decide which form was correct. Therefore, the study concerns language intuition. The results of the research are convergent with the analyses of actual errors made by Ukrainians in their written assignments, which constitutes a motivation for further statistical analyses of the interlanguage with the use of the same research tool.

16

The dynamics of changes within grammatical gender of dialectal nouns – selected issues

71%

Kobus J.

Gwary Dziś

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2020

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vol. 13

65-110

PL

Fleksja gwarowa należy do tych elementów systemu językowego, które ze względu na trudności z pozyskaniem materiałów i sposobem ich opisu, nie jest częstym obiektem zainteresowania dialektologów. Natomiast fleksja gwar wielkopolskich jest dodatkowo trudna w opisie, gdyż brak tu punktu wyjścia w postaci wcześniejszej charakterystyki problemu odmiany, któryby generował potrzebę opisu kontynuującego, pokazującego zmiany na drodze ewolucji systemu gwarowego. Język mieszkańców wsi na przełomie XX i XXI w. znalazł się w fazie dynamicznych przemian na wszystkich poziomach sytemu językowego. Fakt ten nie może zostać pominięty w doborze odpowiednich narzędzi badawczych. Fleksja gwarowa wymyka się jednoznacznemu zaszeregowaniu, jest pełnaniekonsekwencji i odchyleń od (wydawałoby się) przyjętego paradygmatu. Wszystko to sprawia, że znacznie bardziej interesujące jest ukazanie jej jako plastycznego tworu języka mówionego, zatem w sposób dynamiczny, uzyskany na podstawie analiz statystycznych.Dynamika form fleksyjnych w obrębie rodzaju gramatycznego to opracowanie będące częścią większej monografii, a poświęcone zagadnieniu wariantywności rodzajowej rzeczowników oraz zjawisku zmiany rodzaju podczas odmiany, a także znanej kwestii opozycji rodzaju męskoosobowego i niemęskoosobowego.Moim zamiarem było nie tylko opisanie ciekawszych zjawisk z zakresu rodzaju gramatycznego rzeczowników zaobserwowanych w języku współczesnych Wielkopolan, ale i wykazanie zmian w zestawieniu z materiałami lat 50.–80.Kategoria rodzaju wymyka się próbom normatywnego jej uporządkowania. Szczególnie podatny na wariancje rodzajowe jest język mówiony, gdzie niejako zasady dotyczące poprawności ulegają zawieszeniu. Język mówiony ma naturę dynamiczną i ten właśnie jego aktywny charakter determinuje stopień natężenie poszczególnych cech mówionej odmiany polszczyzny – odpowiednia forma powstaje z chwilą kreowania aktu mowy (nie liczy się zgodność z normą ogólnopolską – ważna jest przede wszystkim komunikatywność). Mimo swej specyfiki odmiana mówiona mieści się w ramach mniej lubbardziej elastycznej normy języka.Analiza materiałów, mających zilustrować dynamikę zmian w obrębie rodzaju gramatycznego, daje przesłanki do wyciągnięcia wniosków ogólnych. Gwary są tą odmianą języka narodowego, której chcielibyśmy przypisywać wiele cech dystynktywnych, historycznych, a nawet prahistorycznych. Jednakże jest to odmiana języka, która ulega ewolucji wraz z resztą odmian języka narodowego. Użytkownicy języka będą zawsze wybierać takie formy, które wystarczają dla sprawnego przeprowadzenia aktu komunikacji. Gwary znalazły się w takim momencie swojego rozwoju, w którym badacze starają się wyłuskiwać elementy typowe dla dialektu, zapominając o badaniu aktualnej ich struktury – wynikającej z bieżących potrzeb komunikacyjnych użytkowników języka wsi.

EN

Due to problems with obtaining the materials and the description thereof, dialectal inflection is an element of language which does not attract lots of dialectologists’ attention. On the other hand, the inflection of Wielkopolska dialects poses more problems in the description because there is no startingpoint in the form of previous characteristics of inflection that would create a need for a continuous description that shows the changes in the evolution of a dialect. The language spoken in rural areas in the late 20th and the early 21st centuries has entered a stage of dynamic changes on all its levels. Thisfact cannot be disregarded in selecting the appropriate research tools. Dialectal inflection cannot be unambiguously categorised, it is full of inconsistencies and deviations from (what seems to be) the adopted paradigm. As a result, it is much more interesting to show it as a flexible creation of oral language i.e. in a dynamic way, resulting from statistical analyses.The dynamics of inflection forms within grammatical gender is a part of a larger monograph dedicated to the gender-related variability of nouns and the change of gender in the course of inflection and the well-recognised opposition of masculine gender and non-masculine gender. My intention was not onlyto describe phenomena of grammatical gender of the nouns recorded in contemporary Wielkopolska as well as to show the changes against the material from the 1950s–1980s.The gender category defies attempts at restoring some normative order in it. Oral language is particularly susceptible to gender-related variations where the rules of correction are suspended. Oral language tends to be dynamic and this active nature determines the intensity of the specific features of the spokenvariety of the Polish language – the right form is created when an act of speech appears (conformity with the general Polish norm does not count – communication prevails). Despite its specificity, the spoken variety stays within the more or less flexible language norm. An analysis of the materials intended to illustrate the dynamics of changes within grammatical gender leads to drawing general conclusions. Dialects are a variety of the national language to which we would like to attribute many distinctive historical and even pre-historical features. However, this is a variety of language which evolves as do the other varieties of the national language. Speakers will always choose forms which suffice for an efficient act of communication. Dialects are at a stage of their development where researchers try to determine elements typical of a dialect and forget to examine their latest structure which results from the latest communication needs of speakers in rural areas.

17

Siedemnastowieczna polszczyzna kijowska w panegirykach Stefana Jaworskiego

63%

Klimek-Grądzka J.

Forum Lingwistyczne

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2019

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issue 6

75-83

PL

The article discusses a regional variety of Polish spoken in Kiyv preserved in the Polish-Latin panegyrics composed by Stefan Jaworski (1656(8)–1722) to venerate Warłam Jasiński. The analysis aims at drawing a catalogue of phonetic, inflectional, word formation and syntactic idiolectal features of this variety as juxtaposed against the 17th century standard Polish. The analysis reveals the poet’s fluency in a language that was foreign (second) to him. This fluency also covers the poet’s skill in using varietal forms to achieve artistic aims. The regional forms subject to the study often display closeness to the ones in the Borderland variety of Polish, yet with an idiolectal inflectional features, e.g.: a large number of participles ending in -owszy or frequent cases of l/ł alternation.

18

Tytuły gier komputerowych – tendencje fleksyjne

63%

Kaszewski K.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2016

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issue XVIII/3

PL

Celem artykułu było ukazanie, jakie cechy anglojęzycznych tytułów gier komputerowych sprzyjają ich odmianie w polskich tekstach. Zbadano użycia tytułów w sześciu portalach internetowych poświęconych grom i w jednym czasopiśmie papierowym. Analizy wykazały, że częściej odmieniane są tytuły, które cechuje: nominalność, zakończenie w wymowie na spółgłoskę lub samogłoskę „a”, jednowyrazowość oraz znaczne rozpowszechnienie.

EN

In the article the author presents some characteristics of English titles of computer games which make adding their inflectional endings in Polish easier. The use of computer games titles was examined in six web portals and one printed journal. The analysis showed that one word titles, nominal titles, ones that are widely in use, and these whose pronunciation ends in a consonant or vowel “a” are inflected more often.

19

Lexikální síť DeriNet: elektronický zdroj pro výzkum derivace v češtině

63%

Ševčíková M., Žabokrtský Z., Vidra J., Straka M.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2016

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vol. 98

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issue 1

62-76

EN

The paper introduces the DeriNet lexical database, which includes more than 969,000 Czech words interconnected by 718,000 links corresponding to derivational relations (relations between a base word and a word derived from it). Derivational relations were identified by semi-automatic procedures and manual annotation. As the DeriNet network is fully compatible with a large inflectional dictionary of Czech (MorfFlex CZ), it can be used as a resource for an integrating approach to derivational and inflectional morphology of Czech both in linguistic research and in natural language processing.

20

„Niesforny” biernik rzeczowników męskonieżywotnych w liczbie pojedynczej: o ekspansji tego zjawiska we współczesnym języku polskim i jego czynnikach

63%

Kiklewicz A.

Język Polski

|

2023

|

vol. 103

|

issue 2

5-25

EN

The subject of this article are the conditions for the use of Polish masculine inanimate singular nouns in the accusative with the -a suffix as a systemic morphological characteristic of masculine animate nouns. The author proposes several ways to explain the reasons for this expansion. Theory wise, the study is based on the system-functional grammar as well as on the natural grammar. The emphasis is placed on the description of the grammatical system in the perspective of the speech activity of language users, focusing in particular on the principles of ergonomics and self-regulation. The author presents the current knowledge on Acc=Gen syncretism, and discusses a set of factors influencing the use of the accusative with the -a suffix in modern Polish: ergonomic, semantic, syntactic, frequency-driven and pragmatic.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu są uwarunkowania użycia polskich rzeczowników męskonieżywotnych liczby pojedynczej w bierniku z fleksją -a jako systemową charakterystyką morfologiczną rzeczowników męskożywotnych (męskoosobowych oraz męskozwierzęcych). Autor proponuje kilka sposobów wyjaśnienia przyczyn tego zjawiska. Pod względem teoretycznym badanie bazuje na gramatyce systemowo-funkcjonalnej, a także na gramatyce naturalnej: obydwie teorie kładą nacisk na opis systemu gramatycznego w perspektywie działalności mownej użytkowników języka, zwłaszcza przy uwzględnieniu zasad ergonomii i samoregulacji. Autor przedstawia aktualną wiedzę na temat synkretyzmu Acc=Gen, a także omawia zespół czynników wpływających na użycie biernika z fleksją -a we współczesnej polszczyźnie: ergonomiczny, semantyczny, syntaktyczny, frekwencyjny i pragmatyczny.

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„Niesforny” biernik rzeczowników męskonieżywotnych w liczbie pojedynczej: o ekspansji tego zjawiska we współczesnym języku polskim i jego czynnikach